Nature can be defined as the material world of the Universe and is the main object of study for natural sciences. It includes natural habitats not created by humans. Historically, kingdoms have been used to classify nature, starting with plants, animals, and minerals. Later kingdoms were added for protists, monera, and archaea. Oceans cover most of the Earth's surface and are divided into bodies like the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans as well as seas and salt lakes. Ecosystems are composed of biotic and abiotic components that function interdependently, and the human ecosystem concept is based on human dependence on nature. Plants and animals were originally divided by Aristotle and Linna

1. Nature
Boboeva Roziya

2. What is nature?
 Nature is the material world of the Universe; in essence, it is the main object of
study of the natural sciences. In everyday life, the word “nature” is often used to
mean natural habitat (everything that is not created by man).

3. History
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Mineral Vegetable Animals mushrooms
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• In 1735, Carl Linnaeus, in
his book System of Nature,
identified three kingdoms:
• n 1883 [1] V.V. Dokuchaev
added a fourth kingdom:
Soils - the bioinert
kingdom.In 1866, Haeckel
added the kingdom of
Protista.In 1938, Herbert
Copeland added the
kingdom of Monera or
Drobyanki.
• n 1977, the kingdom of
Drobyanka was divided
into two kingdoms:

4. Ocean and lake
 An ocean is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere.
Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface (an area of some 361 million square kilometers) is
covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal
oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 meters (9,800 feet) deep.
Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has
a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. Though generally recognized as several 'separate' oceans,
these waters comprise one global, interconnected body of salt water often referred to as the World
Ocean or global ocean. This concept of a global ocean as a continuous body of water with
relatively free interchange among its parts is of fundamental importance to oceanography.]
 The major oceanic divisions are defined in part by the continents. various archipelagos, and other
criteria: these divisions are (in descending order of size) the Pacific Ocean the Atlantic Ocean,
the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. Smaller regions of the oceans are
called seas, gulfs, bays and other names. There are also salt lakes, which are smaller bodies of
landlocked saltwater that are not interconnected with the World Ocean. Two notable examples of
salt lakes are the Aral Sea and the Great Salt Lake.

5. s

6. Ecosystems
• Ecosystems are composed of a variety
of biotic and abiotic components that function in an
interrelated way.] The structure and composition is
determined by various environmental factors that
are interrelated. Variations of these factors will
initiate dynamic modifications to the ecosystem.
Some of the more important components
are soil, atmosphere, radiation from the sun, water,
and living organisms
An aerial view
of a human
ecosystem.
Pictured is the
city of Chicago
• The human ecosystem concept is based
on the human/nature dichotomy and the
idea that all species are ecologically
dependent on each other, as well as with
the abiotic constituents of their biotope
Old growth European Beech forest in Biogradska Gora National
Park, Montenegro

7. Plants and animals
 Originally Aristotle divided all living things between plants, which generally do not move fast
enough for humans to notice, and animals. In Linnaeus' system, these became the kingdoms
Vegetabilia (later Plantae ) and Animalia. Since then, it has become clear that the Plantae as
originally defined included several unrelated groups, and the fungi and several groups
of algae were removed to new kingdoms. However, these are still often considered plants in
many contexts. Bacterial life is sometimes included in flora,and some classifications use the
term bacterial flora separately from plant flora.
Many ways of classifying plants are by regional floras, which, depending on the purpose of study, can
also include fossil flora, remnants
of plant life from a previous era. People in many regions and countries take great pride in their individual arrays
of characteristic flora, which can vary widely across the globe due to differences in climate and terrain

8. Aesthetics and beauty
Wasp on a bee honeycomb A sandhill crane in flight
Smell in the air
 People may be mistaken by the art
object analogy. For instance, a sandhill
crane is not an art object; an art object
is not a sandhill crane. In fact, an art
object should be called an artifact. The
crane is wildlife on its own and is not
an art object. This can be related to
Saito's definition of the cognitive view.
Nature is a living system which
includes animals, plants, and Eco-
systems. In contrast, an art object
has no regeneration, evolutionary
history, or metabolism. An individual
may be in the forest and perceive it
as beautiful because of the plethora
of colors such as red, green, and
yellow

9. Water distribution on Earth
 Most water in Earth's atmosphere and on its crust
comes from saline seawater, while fresh
wateraccounts for nearly 1% of the total. The vast
bulk of the water on Earth is saline or salt water,
with an average salinity of 35‰ (or 3.5%, roughly
equivalent to 34 grams of salts in 1 kg of
seawater), though this varies slightly according to
the amount of runoff received from surrounding
land. In all, water from oceans and marginal seas,
saline groundwater and water from saline closed
lakes amount to over 97% of the water on Earth,
though no closed lake stores a globally significant
amount of water. Saline groundwater is seldom
considered except when evaluating water quality in
arid regions.

10. And of presentation
Thankyou!