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Narrative
Before Production Takes Place
 You need to understand the way narrative is
constructed in music videos
 Have knowledge of narrative theories relating to
story structure, characters and themes
What is Narrative?
 Claude Levi-Strauss = Binary Oppositions
 Vladimir Propp = Characters
 Tzvetan Todorov =5 conventional stages
 Roland Barthes = 5 narrative codes
Todorov - Classic Narrative
 Cause and Effect
 Invisible Editing
 Story told in chronological order:
 Equilibrium
 Disequilibrium
 Recognition
 Reparation
 New equilibrium
Levi- Strauss- Binary
Oppositions
 One side is represented as the ‘right’ side who the audience can
identify with and support
 Examples:
 Good and evil
 Past and present
 Normal and strange
 Known and unknown
 Heaven and earth
Propp - archetypes
 Hero: Seeks something
 Villain: Obstructs the hero
 Princess: Hero’s reward
 Father: Give of rewards
 Donor: Provides information and help
 Helper: Helps the hero
 Dispatcher: Sends the hero on a quest
 False hero
 In Propp’s theory, these character types are established to increase
understanding from the point of view of the audience
Activity 1
 In your pair select one of the films below and apply these three
narrative theories:
The Lion King
Toy Story (any)
Cinderella
John Wick
Activity 2
 How far can you apply these traditional narrative theories to a
mainstream music video?
 Let’s explore some video examples
Activity 3
 How about to some more alternative or niche video examples?
Narrative in Music Videos
 Narratives are rarely complete - often fragmentary
 Tend to suggest storylines
 Non-linear order (not cause and effect)
 Desire to see them again
 Narrative often divided between performance and conceptual clips
Time & Narrative
 Flashbacks
 Real time
 Reversal
 Dream sequence
 Repetition
 Different characters POV
 Ellipsis
 Pre-figuring of events that have not yet taken place
(foreshadowing)
Types of Narrative you might
see
 Non-linear
 Circular
 Parallel Narrative
 Convergent Narrative
 Interweaving Narrative
ROLAND BARTHES
 The text is like a tangled ball of threads
 The threads need to be unravelled
 Once unravelled, we encounter an absolute wide range
of potential meanings
 We can start by looking at a narrative in one way from
one viewpoint, one set of previous experience and
create one meaning from that text
 You can continue unravelling to find different angles and
meanings
Barthes’ Enigma Code
 Refers to any element in a story that is not explained, and therefore
remains a mystery
 Raises questions that demand explanation
 Most stories hold back details in order to increase the effect of the
final revelation
 The audience is frustrated if not all questions are answered.
 What enigma codes did you employ?
 How did you construct these?
Referential Code
 Meaning is created through intertextuality
 Is the story more apparent because of references?
Semantic Codes
 The connotations within the text
Symbolic Code
Key Task
 Analyse 3 videos
 Explore the extent to which you can apply the traditional or other
narrative structures to the text
 Write a 500 word account for each video with specific examples
from the text
What questions can we ask in our
analysis?
1. To what extent can you apply traditional narrative theory to
the video?:
1. Propp
2. Todorov
3. Levi-Strauss
4. Barthes
 How is time represented in the music video? or
 What type of narrative is presented e.g. linear, circular
 What effect does it have on the audience? (refer to Barthes if
possible e.g. enigma)
 What meaning is created for the audience? Are there different
interpretations?

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Narrative lesson 2019

  • 2. Before Production Takes Place  You need to understand the way narrative is constructed in music videos  Have knowledge of narrative theories relating to story structure, characters and themes
  • 3. What is Narrative?  Claude Levi-Strauss = Binary Oppositions  Vladimir Propp = Characters  Tzvetan Todorov =5 conventional stages  Roland Barthes = 5 narrative codes
  • 4. Todorov - Classic Narrative  Cause and Effect  Invisible Editing  Story told in chronological order:  Equilibrium  Disequilibrium  Recognition  Reparation  New equilibrium
  • 5.
  • 6. Levi- Strauss- Binary Oppositions  One side is represented as the ‘right’ side who the audience can identify with and support  Examples:  Good and evil  Past and present  Normal and strange  Known and unknown  Heaven and earth
  • 7. Propp - archetypes  Hero: Seeks something  Villain: Obstructs the hero  Princess: Hero’s reward  Father: Give of rewards  Donor: Provides information and help  Helper: Helps the hero  Dispatcher: Sends the hero on a quest  False hero  In Propp’s theory, these character types are established to increase understanding from the point of view of the audience
  • 8. Activity 1  In your pair select one of the films below and apply these three narrative theories: The Lion King Toy Story (any) Cinderella John Wick
  • 9. Activity 2  How far can you apply these traditional narrative theories to a mainstream music video?  Let’s explore some video examples
  • 10. Activity 3  How about to some more alternative or niche video examples?
  • 11.
  • 12. Narrative in Music Videos  Narratives are rarely complete - often fragmentary  Tend to suggest storylines  Non-linear order (not cause and effect)  Desire to see them again  Narrative often divided between performance and conceptual clips
  • 13. Time & Narrative  Flashbacks  Real time  Reversal  Dream sequence  Repetition  Different characters POV  Ellipsis  Pre-figuring of events that have not yet taken place (foreshadowing)
  • 14. Types of Narrative you might see  Non-linear  Circular  Parallel Narrative  Convergent Narrative  Interweaving Narrative
  • 15. ROLAND BARTHES  The text is like a tangled ball of threads  The threads need to be unravelled  Once unravelled, we encounter an absolute wide range of potential meanings  We can start by looking at a narrative in one way from one viewpoint, one set of previous experience and create one meaning from that text  You can continue unravelling to find different angles and meanings
  • 16. Barthes’ Enigma Code  Refers to any element in a story that is not explained, and therefore remains a mystery  Raises questions that demand explanation  Most stories hold back details in order to increase the effect of the final revelation  The audience is frustrated if not all questions are answered.  What enigma codes did you employ?  How did you construct these?
  • 17. Referential Code  Meaning is created through intertextuality  Is the story more apparent because of references?
  • 18. Semantic Codes  The connotations within the text
  • 20. Key Task  Analyse 3 videos  Explore the extent to which you can apply the traditional or other narrative structures to the text  Write a 500 word account for each video with specific examples from the text
  • 21. What questions can we ask in our analysis? 1. To what extent can you apply traditional narrative theory to the video?: 1. Propp 2. Todorov 3. Levi-Strauss 4. Barthes  How is time represented in the music video? or  What type of narrative is presented e.g. linear, circular  What effect does it have on the audience? (refer to Barthes if possible e.g. enigma)  What meaning is created for the audience? Are there different interpretations?