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Narrative lesson 2019
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- 2. Before Production TakesPlace You need to understand the way narrative is constructed in music videos Have knowledge of narrative theories relating to story structure, characters and themes
- 3. What is Narrative? Claude Levi-Strauss = Binary Oppositions Vladimir Propp = Characters Tzvetan Todorov =5 conventional stages Roland Barthes = 5 narrative codes
- 4. Todorov - ClassicNarrative Cause and Effect Invisible Editing Story told in chronological order: Equilibrium Disequilibrium Recognition Reparation New equilibrium
- 6. Levi- Strauss- Binary Oppositions One side is represented as the ‘right’ side who the audience can identify with and support Examples: Good and evil Past and present Normal and strange Known and unknown Heaven and earth
- 7. Propp - archetypes Hero: Seeks something Villain: Obstructs the hero Princess: Hero’s reward Father: Give of rewards Donor: Provides information and help Helper: Helps the hero Dispatcher: Sends the hero on a quest False hero In Propp’s theory, these character types are established to increase understanding from the point of view of the audience
- 8. Activity 1 Inyour pair select one of the films below and apply these three narrative theories: The Lion King Toy Story (any) Cinderella John Wick
- 9. Activity 2 Howfar can you apply these traditional narrative theories to a mainstream music video? Let’s explore some video examples
- 10. Activity 3 Howabout to some more alternative or niche video examples?
- 12. Narrative in MusicVideos Narratives are rarely complete - often fragmentary Tend to suggest storylines Non-linear order (not cause and effect) Desire to see them again Narrative often divided between performance and conceptual clips
- 13. Time & Narrative Flashbacks Real time Reversal Dream sequence Repetition Different characters POV Ellipsis Pre-figuring of events that have not yet taken place (foreshadowing)
- 14. Types of Narrativeyou might see Non-linear Circular Parallel Narrative Convergent Narrative Interweaving Narrative
- 15. ROLAND BARTHES Thetext is like a tangled ball of threads The threads need to be unravelled Once unravelled, we encounter an absolute wide range of potential meanings We can start by looking at a narrative in one way from one viewpoint, one set of previous experience and create one meaning from that text You can continue unravelling to find different angles and meanings
- 16. Barthes’ Enigma Code Refers to any element in a story that is not explained, and therefore remains a mystery Raises questions that demand explanation Most stories hold back details in order to increase the effect of the final revelation The audience is frustrated if not all questions are answered. What enigma codes did you employ? How did you construct these?
- 17. Referential Code Meaningis created through intertextuality Is the story more apparent because of references?
- 18. Semantic Codes Theconnotations within the text
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- 20. Key Task Analyse3 videos Explore the extent to which you can apply the traditional or other narrative structures to the text Write a 500 word account for each video with specific examples from the text
- 21. What questions canwe ask in our analysis? 1. To what extent can you apply traditional narrative theory to the video?: 1. Propp 2. Todorov 3. Levi-Strauss 4. Barthes How is time represented in the music video? or What type of narrative is presented e.g. linear, circular What effect does it have on the audience? (refer to Barthes if possible e.g. enigma) What meaning is created for the audience? Are there different interpretations?