mohsin azeemi present direct and indirect speech in urdu

1. Narration of Direct and Indirect Speech کسیآدمیکےذریعہکیجانیوالیگفتگو ، صلاھ، خبروغیرہدوطرحسےکیجاتیہے۔Direct Speech & Indirect Speech

2. جبکسیآدمیکےقولکواُسیکےالفاظمیںبیانکریںتووہڈائریکٹاسپیچکہلاتیہے۔ جیسےAli said to Salma, “I am always with you.”انڈائریکٹاسپیچہمکسیآدمیکےقولکواپنےالفاظوںمیںبیانکریںتووہانڈائریکٹاسپیچکہلاتیہے۔ جیسےAli told Salma that he(Ali) was always with her.

3. Personہرجملےکودوحصوںمیںظاہرکرتےہیں۔ پہلاحصہکہلاتاہے۔ reporting speech اسکوسمجھنےکےلیےہمRVسےظاہرکرتےہیں۔

4. اوردوسراحصہجسکوCOMMASمیںلکھتےہیں۔ یہاںاسکوہمRSسےظاہرکرتےہیں۔ مثلاHe says, “ I am Writing a book” Reported Speech (Rs)Reporting Verb (Rv)

5. First PersonکےRvکوجملہکےsubject کےمطابقبدلاجاتاہے۔ subject کاجوبحیpersonہوگاR.s کےfrist person pronounکاوہیpersonہوجائےگا۔

6. He Says, “I am writing a book(D. S)He says that he is writing a book(ind. S)They say, “we don’t want any more”they say that they don’t want any more

7. second person (you, your, thou, thy, thine)کےRv Pronounکےobject یعنیکہRsکےپہلےآنیوالےobject کےمطابقبدلجاتاہے۔ objectکاجوبحیpersonہوگا۔ Rs میںآنیوالےsecond person کےpronoun کاوہیpersonہوجاءےگا۔

8. جیسے1) She says to me, “you write a letter”she tells me that I write a letter.2) Ali says to Umar, “you are my friend”Ali tells Umar that he(umar) is his friend

9. یادرکحوسارےنامThird personہوتےہیںجیسےAli says, “He is my friend .”Ali Says that he is his (ali’s) friendThird Person can’t changed

10. Change of TenseجبPresent( says, say, tells, tell, will tell, shall say etc) or R.vin future tenseمیںہوR.sکاجملہنہیںبدلتاہے۔ pronounکےchangeاصولوںکےمطابقہوتےہیں۔ جیسے

11. 1) Najma will say, “I see a picture”Najma will say that she sees a picture2) Alia says, “ I love my children.”Alia says that she loves her children

12. جبPast Tense( said, asked, told etc.) R.vمیںہوتوRs کےTense اُسیکےtenseکےمطابقpast میںبدلدیتےہیں

13. اگرRV کےبعدOBJECT ہوتوsaidکوtoldمیںبدلتےہیںورنہنہیں

14. 1) Present indfinite change into past indefinite2) Present continuous change into past continuous3) present perfect change into past perfect 4) Present prefect continuous change into past perfect continuousلکیناگرRsکاpast ind. Tense ہوگاتوRs کےجملہکوpast perfectبدلتےہیں

15. لیکناگرRs کاpast indefinite tenseہوگا۔ توRsکےجملےکوpast perfectبدلتےہیںpast continuous کوpast perfect continuous میںبدلدیتےہیں

16. اگرRsکاTense past perfectیاpast perfect continuous ہوتوindirect کرتےوقتیہنہیںبدلتا

17. اگرکوئیhabitual fact, historical fact, universal truth وغیرR.s میںہوتوجملےمیںکوئیفرقنہیںپڑتاجیسےThe teacher sasid, “Honesty is the best policy.”The teacher said that honesty is the best policy

18. حسبذیلکودھیانسےپڑحواورسمجحو

19. Interrogative sentences اگرسوالکاجوابہاںیانامیںتوRvکوAsked, enquired of میںبدلکرInverted commasہٹاکرIfکااستعمالکرتےہیں۔ اورسوالیہجملہکوسادہفقرےمیںبدلتےہیںاورباقیقواعدبدستوررہتےہیں۔

20. 1) He said to me, “ can you help me?”He asked me if I could help him 2) Zafar said to me, “ What is your name.”Zafar asked me what my name was.Zafar asked my name.

21. Imperative Sentences انجملوںمیںالتجاءاجازتحکمصلاھوغیرہکااظہارہوتاہے۔ انکوبدلتےوقتRV کوموقعکےمطابقRequest, advise, forbid, command, ask, orderمیںبدلدیتےہیںاوروربکیپہلیفامسےپہلےTo لگادیتےہیں۔

22. Imperative Sentences 1) He said to me, “ Bring me a glass of water”He ordered me to bring him a glass of water2) Ali said to me, “ Please help me”Ali requested me to help him (Ali)3) Ali said to me, “do not go there”Ali forbade me to go there.

23. Exclamatory sentencesانجملوںمیںافسوس ،دکح، خیرت، تعجبغصہوغیرہکیحالتظاہرکرتیہے۔ انجملوںمیںHurrah, alas, oh, ah, bravo وغیرہلگادیتےہیں۔ انجملوںکوبدلتےوقتRvکوExclaimed میںبدلدیتےہیں۔ اور

24. Exclamatory sentencesRsکےInterjection Alas کوOh, with sorrow, hurrah کوWith joy, with surprise میںبدلکرRvکےساتحجوڑدیتےہیں۔ اورThatلگاتےہیں۔ They said, “ alas! My only son is dead.”She exclaimed with sorrow that her only son was dead