This document discusses the use of nanotechnology in dentistry. It begins with defining nanotechnology as the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, which is 1 to 100 nanometers. The document then discusses various techniques used in nanotechnology, such as top-down and bottom-up approaches. It provides examples of how nanotechnology can be applied in dentistry, including use of nanomaterials for fillings, impression materials, and targeted drug delivery for periodontal diseases. The document concludes that nanotechnology has potential to improve dental care but also social issues around safety and regulation need to be addressed.

1. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN
DENTISTRY
PRESENTED BY-Dr. Akshay S. Sohani
(1st yr. MDS)

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• History of Nanotechnology
• Techniques of Nanotechnology
• Nanomaterials
• Nano dentistry and its application
• Nanorobotics
• Nanomaterials for periodontium
• Conclusion
• References

3. • ‘Nano’ is derived from the Greek word, meaning ‘Dwarf’.
• It’s a prefix literally refers to the 1 billionth of a physical size
• According to definition of the ‘National Nanotechnology Initiative’,
Nanotechnology can be defined as, “Direct manipulation of materials at the
nanoscale”.
• General : Science of the small.
• The central idea of the nanotechnology is employ individual atoms and molecules
to construct functional structures.

4. • Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular
scale.
• Generally nanotechnology deals with developing materials, devices, or other
structures with at least one dimension sized 1 to 100 nanometres

5. HOW SMALL IS THE NANOSCALE
• One nanometre (nm) is
one of billionth of a meter
(10^-9 m).
• Nano scale is larger than
atomic scale and smaller
than Microscale.

6. APPLICATIONS OF THE
NANOTECHNOLOGY
1. Energy storage, production and conversion.
2. Agricultural productivity enhancement.
3. Water treatment and remediation.
4. Disease diagnosis and screening
5. Drug delivery systems
6. Food processing and storage
7. Air pollution and remediation
8. Construction
9. Health
10. Monitoring
11. Vector and pest detection and control

7. TECHNIQUES OF THE NANO-
TECHNOLOGY
1. Top-down Technique
2. Bottom-up Technique

8. Nanomaterials
Synthesis
Bottom-up Approach
•Nanomaterials are synthesized by
assembling the atoms/molecules
together. Instead of taking
materials away to makes
structures, this approach
selectively adds atoms to create
structures. E.g.. Plasma etching,
Chemical vapor deposition.
Top Down Approach
Nanomaterials are synthesized
by breaking down of the bulk
solids into Nano sizes. This type
of processing has been and will
be the dominant process in
semiconductor manufacturing.
E.g.. Ball milling, Sol-gel.
lithography

9. NANO-DENTISTRY AND ITS
APPLICATIONS
• Nano dentistry will make possible the maintenance of comprehensive oral health
by employing nanomaterials, Biotechnology, including tissue engineering, dental
nanorobotics.
• Nano-dentistry include-
1. Nanorobotics
2. Nano diagnostics
3. Nanomaterials

10. NANOROBOTICS
• Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the
microscopic scale of nanometres.
• Nanorobot – “An artificially fabricated objects able to freely diffuse in the human
body and interact with specific cell at the molecular level by itself.”
• Use of nanorobots-
1. Local anaesthesia
2. Dental biomimetics
3. Dental durability and cosmetics
4. Orthodontic treatment
5. Dentirobots
6. Renaturalization procedures
7. Hypersensitivity cure

11. NANO-MATERIALS
• Nanocomposites- Superior Hardness
- Superior flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and
translucency.
- Reduced filling shrinkage.
- Excellent handling properties.
Beun and colleagues compared the physical properties of nanofilled,
universal hybrid, and microfiled composites, and observed a higher elastic modulus
with the nanofilled than most of the hybrid tested.

12. • Nano solutions- Nano solutions can produce unique and dispersible
nanoparticles, which can be added to various solvents, paints, and polymers in
which they are dispersed homogenously.
- Nanotechnology in bonding agents ensures homogeneity and
that adhesive is perfect mixed every time.
E.g. COATING AGENTS- Used as final coating over aesthetic restorations.
- Nanotechnology uniformly disperses nanofillers for
higher wear resistance, preventing abrasion and discoloration.
- Smooth, high luster finish retained over time.
- Better wear and stain resistance
• Impression materials- Nanofillers are integrated in vinylpolysiloxane, producing a
unique addition of siloxane impression material. The material has better flow,
improved hydrophilic properties and enhanced detail precision

13. • Nanomaterials for Periodontal Drug Delivery-
Drugs can be incorporated into Nano spheres composed of a
biodegradable polymer. And this allows for timed release of the drug as the Nano
spheres degrade facilitating site-specific drug delivery.
E.g. Triclosan loaded nanoparticles, prepared using poly lactide
coglycolide and cellulose acetate phthalate for reduction of inflammation.
Tetracycline incorporated into microspheres is available as Arestin for drug delivery
by local means into periodontal pocket.

14. CONCLUSION
• Nanotechnology is part of a predicted future in which dentistry and periodontal
practice may become more high-tech and more effective, looking to manage
individual dental health on a microscopic level by enabling us to battle decay
where it begins with bacteria.
• Nanotechnology has tremendous potential, but social issues of public acceptance,
ethics, regulations, and human safety must be addressed before molecular
nanotechnology can be seen as the possibility of providing high quality dental
care.

15. REFERENCES
• SUHAIL Et al Role of Nanotechnology in dentistry, Scholars journal of applied
medical science 2014; 2(2D); 785-789
• Mayuresh Et al. Nanotechnology: A boon to dentistry JDSOR 2014;5(2): 78-88
• Shaeesta Et al. current applications of nanotechnology in dentistry: a review
general dentistry; 2014
• LING et al. Nanotechnology and its role in the management of periodontal
diseases periodontology 2000,2006 40: 184-196