In this role nanoparticles play in our daily life. How to have different applications in our daily life.

2. Group members:
1. Rabia Sadaqat 110
2. Attia Arif 118
3. Hajra Naseer 120
4. Imrana Shaheen 130
5. Mafia shehzadi 048
6. Fareeda Shahid 092
7. Erum Noreen 096
8. Ayesha Naseer 010
Nano particles and
their applications

3. INTRODUCTION TO NANOMATERIALS:
The materials having with an average grain size less than 100 nm in nanometeric scale are
called nanomaterials.
Particles having sizes in the range of 1 to 100 nm are termed as nanoparticles and the
applications of Nano-sized particles is called nanotechnology.
One billion nanometers equals to one meter.
A single particle of smoke size is 1,000 nm and a human hair is 100,000 nm thick.

4. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
Richard Feynman:
1959, entitled 'There's plenty of Room at the Bottom He presented ideas for creating
Nano-scale machines to manipulate, control and image material at atomic scale.
Tokyo Science University professor Norio Taniguchi:
1974 to describe the precision manufacture of materials with nanometre tolerance (Top-
down approach).
He coined the term nanotechnology

5. CONTINUES…..
 K Eric Drexler:
 1986, discussed Bottom-up approach of nanomaterials in his book "Engines of Creation".
 Nanotechnology and Nano-Science got started in early1980's with two major
developments
 Birth of cluster science:
 Invention of Scanning Tunneling Microscope by Gerd Binnig and Rohrer in 1981
 In 1986, Atomic Force Microscope was invented.

6. WHY NANOMATERIALS?
Nanotechnology exploits benefits of ultra small size, enabling he use of particles to deliver
a range of important benefits.
Small particles are invisible:
transparent coatings/ Films are attainable
Small particles are very weight efficient:
Surface can be modified with minimal material
large particle do not cover much surface area while nanoparticles
provide thorough coverage(1 x 106 times more).

7. TYPES:
Carbon based nanomaterials
1. Use in application of Carbon nanomaterials.
2. These are Allotropes of carbon.
3. They have long and thin cylinders of carbon
formed by rolling of graphite sheet(graphene)
Metal based nanomaterials
1. Metal ions present in solution are converted to
zerovalent metal. Then it reduces and give rise
to nanoparticles.
2. old,silver and Platinum are common examples
of MBNs.

8. CONTINUES…..
Composite based nanomaterials
1. Composite material are formed by combining two or
more materials that usually have several different
properties.
2. Two types of nanocomposites
i. Natural composites
ii. Synthetic composites
Dendrimers
1. Nano molecules starting from a multifunctional core
unit.
2. Dendrons are defined as the branched structure

9. APPROACHES FOR SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES:
Nanomaterial attracted great deal of attraction.
Techniques have been developed to synthesis the nanomaterials.
Nanomaterials performance depends on their properties.
Two general approaches for synthesis of nanoparticles.

10. CONTINUES
…
Top down:
Breaking down matter into more
basic building blocks. Frequently uses
chemical or thermal methods.
Bottom up
Building complex system by
combining simple atomic-level
components.

11. SYNTHESIS:
Ultrasound
Hydrothermal synthesis
Microwave
Spark discharge
Inert gas condensation
Laser ablation
Sputtering
Sol-gel
Biological synthesis

12. Surface to volume ratio.
High thermal conductivity
High mechanical strength
Highly mobile in free state.
They have enormous specific surface area.
Uneven distribution of electron leads to magnetic
properties.
Nanomaterial absorb more solar energy in photovoltaic cell
due to its smaller size.
Metal nanoparticles have unique light scattering properties.
Properties:

13. APPLICATI
ONS:

14. BIOMEDICAL AND DRUG DELIVERY:
 Gold nanoparticles as probes for the detection
of targeted sequences of nucleic acids.
Better imaging and diagnostic tools enabled by
nanotechnology.
Nanoparticle that mimics the body’s “good”
cholesterol, known as HDL which helps to shrink
plaque.
Development of novel gene sequencing
technologies that enable single-molecule
detection.
Deliver medication directly to cancer cells and
minimize the risk of damage to healthy tissue.
Fig: This image shows the
bamboo-like structure of
nitrogen-doped carbon
nanotubes for the treatment
of cancer.

15. ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION:
Affordable, clean drinking water through rapid, low-
cost detection and treatment of impurities in water.
Thin film membrane with Nano pores for energy-
efficient desalination.
Clean industrial water pollutants in ground water
through chemical reactions.
Nano fabric "paper towel" woven from tiny wires of
potassium manganese oxide that can absorb 20 times
its weight in oil for clean-up applications.
Many airplane cabins have mechanical filtration,” in
which the fibre material creates nanoscale pores that
trap particles larger than the size of the pores.
Able to detect and identify chemical or biological
agents in the air and soil with much higher sensitivity.

16. ELECTRONICS AND IT APPLICATIONS
Smaller, faster, and better transistors mean that
computer’s entire memory may be stored on a single
tiny chip.
MRAM is enabled by nanometre‐scale magnetic
tunnel junctions and can quickly and effectively save
data.
Flexible, bendable, foldable, rollable, and stretchable
electronics are reaching into various sectors and are
being integrated into a variety of products, including
wearables, medical applications, aerospace
applications.
Nanoparticle copper suspensions have been
developed as a safer, cheaper, and more reliable
alternative to lead-based solder.