The document discusses how Network Address Translation (NAT) and Port Address Translation (PAT) can help solve the problem of limited IP addresses by allowing private IP addresses to be translated to public IP addresses, and describes how to configure various NAT and PAT functions on a Cisco router including static NAT, dynamic NAT, port overloading, and handling overlapping networks.
NAT (Network Address Translation) allows private IP addresses to be translated to public IP addresses to allow access to the internet. There are three types of NAT: static NAT maps a single private IP to a single public IP; dynamic NAT maps multiple private IPs to multiple public IPs; and PAT (Port Address Translation) maps multiple private IPs to a single public IP by multiplexing client ports. The document provides configuration examples for static NAT, dynamic NAT, and PAT on Cisco routers to translate private to public IP addresses and allow internal hosts internet access.
This document provides an overview of Network Address Translation (NAT) including:
- Why NAT is used to connect networks with private IP addresses to the Internet and during network mergers.
- NAT implementation considerations such as advantages of address conservation and flexibility but disadvantages of delays and incompatible applications.
- Common NAT configurations like dynamic NAT, dynamic NAT with overloading, and static NAT.
This document provides the questions and answers for CCNA 2 Chapter 11 2014 v5.0 exam. It discusses network address translation (NAT) and port address translation (PAT). Some key points covered include:
- Dynamic NAT automatically maps inside local addresses to inside global addresses
- Port forwarding allows an external user to reach a service on a private IPv4 address inside a LAN
- Overload NAT is used when there are more private IP addresses than available public IP addresses
- Two required steps to configure PAT are to identify the inside interface and define a pool of global addresses for overload translation
NETMAX TECHNOLOGIES provides network training, software training, and embedded systems support and consultancy. Courses include CCNA, CCNP, Red Hat Linux, Windows, C, C++, Java, .NET, and microcontroller training. It uses NAT to allow private networks to connect to the internet using a limited number of public IP addresses. Static NAT maps a private IP to a public IP in a 1:1 ratio. Dynamic NAT maps private IPs to public IPs from a pool. Overloading NAT maps multiple private IPs to one public IP using port addressing.
The document provides instructions for configuring the Cisco ATA 186 analog telephone adapter through three methods: the interactive voice response system, a web server, or a TFTP server. It describes connecting an analog phone to the adapter, accessing the IVR to configure basic IP settings like the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway. It also covers troubleshooting connectivity issues that can arise from VLAN configuration and accessing the web interface to complete additional configurations. The document includes prerequisites, components used, and conventions along with sections on initial setup, configuration options, and related information.
1. Configure VLANs to separate servers and clients in each organization.
2. Configure NAT inside and outside interfaces on routers.
3. Use static NAT to expose a server to the internet with port forwarding.
4. Use dynamic NAT with overload for internet access for internal clients, sharing a public IP.
This allows internal clients to access external servers while protecting internal servers from direct internet access. The ISP provides public IPs for NAT translations between the private and public networks.
The document outlines the steps to configure Cisco VOIP phones across two networks - Madang and Lae. It describes configuring an interface, DHCP server, Call Manager Express service on the Madang router to support two phones. Similar configurations are made on the Lae router to support another two phones. Finally, the networks must be connected via a trunk link between the voice VLANs for the phones to call each other across the two networks.
NAT (Network Address Translation) allows private IP addresses to be translated to public IP addresses to allow access to the internet. There are three types of NAT: static NAT maps a single private IP to a single public IP; dynamic NAT maps multiple private IPs to multiple public IPs; and PAT (Port Address Translation) maps multiple private IPs to a single public IP by multiplexing client ports. The document provides configuration examples for static NAT, dynamic NAT, and PAT on Cisco routers to translate private to public IP addresses and allow internal hosts internet access.
This document provides an overview of Network Address Translation (NAT) including:
- Why NAT is used to connect networks with private IP addresses to the Internet and during network mergers.
- NAT implementation considerations such as advantages of address conservation and flexibility but disadvantages of delays and incompatible applications.
- Common NAT configurations like dynamic NAT, dynamic NAT with overloading, and static NAT.
This document provides the questions and answers for CCNA 2 Chapter 11 2014 v5.0 exam. It discusses network address translation (NAT) and port address translation (PAT). Some key points covered include:
- Dynamic NAT automatically maps inside local addresses to inside global addresses
- Port forwarding allows an external user to reach a service on a private IPv4 address inside a LAN
- Overload NAT is used when there are more private IP addresses than available public IP addresses
- Two required steps to configure PAT are to identify the inside interface and define a pool of global addresses for overload translation
NETMAX TECHNOLOGIES provides network training, software training, and embedded systems support and consultancy. Courses include CCNA, CCNP, Red Hat Linux, Windows, C, C++, Java, .NET, and microcontroller training. It uses NAT to allow private networks to connect to the internet using a limited number of public IP addresses. Static NAT maps a private IP to a public IP in a 1:1 ratio. Dynamic NAT maps private IPs to public IPs from a pool. Overloading NAT maps multiple private IPs to one public IP using port addressing.
The document provides instructions for configuring the Cisco ATA 186 analog telephone adapter through three methods: the interactive voice response system, a web server, or a TFTP server. It describes connecting an analog phone to the adapter, accessing the IVR to configure basic IP settings like the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway. It also covers troubleshooting connectivity issues that can arise from VLAN configuration and accessing the web interface to complete additional configurations. The document includes prerequisites, components used, and conventions along with sections on initial setup, configuration options, and related information.
1. Configure VLANs to separate servers and clients in each organization.
2. Configure NAT inside and outside interfaces on routers.
3. Use static NAT to expose a server to the internet with port forwarding.
4. Use dynamic NAT with overload for internet access for internal clients, sharing a public IP.
This allows internal clients to access external servers while protecting internal servers from direct internet access. The ISP provides public IPs for NAT translations between the private and public networks.
The document outlines the steps to configure Cisco VOIP phones across two networks - Madang and Lae. It describes configuring an interface, DHCP server, Call Manager Express service on the Madang router to support two phones. Similar configurations are made on the Lae router to support another two phones. Finally, the networks must be connected via a trunk link between the voice VLANs for the phones to call each other across the two networks.
1. The document provides steps to configure Avaya Spaces Calling on an Avaya IP Office system. It outlines 14 configuration steps including enabling UC profiles in IP Office, configuring the One-X portal, retrieving API keys from Avaya Spaces, enabling apps in Spaces, and configuring WebRTC settings.
2. Additional resources are listed to support Avaya Spaces Calling and IP Office subscriptions including documentation, videos, presentations, and technical support information.
3. The document concludes by thanking the reader and reiterating Avaya's focus on providing experiences that matter.
This document discusses various techniques for allowing peer-to-peer communication between hosts located behind Network Address Translation (NAT) devices, including NAT traversal using UDP hole punching, TCP hole punching, relaying, connection reversal, and the TURN protocol. It also covers proxy protocols like SOCKS that can be used to traverse NATs, as well as the UPnP standard for automatic port forwarding configuration.
Www ccnav5 net_ccna_1_chapter_8_v5_0_exam_answers_2014Đồng Quốc Vương
This document contains sample exam questions and answers for the CCNA 1 and CCNA 2 certification exams. It includes multiple choice questions covering topics like IP addressing, subnetting, routing, switching, IPv4, IPv6, OSPF, EIGRP, and more. Answers are provided for each question to help students prepare for the CCNA exams.
CMIT 350 FINAL EXAM CCNA CERTIFICATION PRACTICE EXAMHamesKellor
The document provides sample questions that may appear on a CCNA certification practice exam. It includes questions about OSPF, router commands, frame relay, VLANs, routing protocols, and more. The questions cover a wide range of Cisco networking topics that are important for the CCNA exam.
The document provides information about network configuration and security best practices:
1. HTTPS should be used to transfer credit card information on a company website to encrypt the transmission.
2. A branch office router connecting to headquarters should be configured with encapsulation PPP and IP address 192.168.5.21 to establish the serial connection.
3. The service password-encryption and enable secret commands ensure passwords are encrypted in the router configuration.
This document summarizes network address translation (NAT). It defines key NAT terminology like inside/outside addresses and translations. It provides examples of static and dynamic NAT configuration using access lists, pools, and overload. It also covers port address translation, troubleshooting, and tuning NAT translations.
CCIE Collaboration Bootcamp is designed to be a challenging five-day course for CCIE Collaboration candidates ready for CCIE Collaboration Lab Exam. This Bootcamp is designed for CCIE Collaboration candidates in the last months or weeks before their CCIE Collaboration Lab Exam. During the week students will tackle challenging full-day mock labs Monday through Thursday. Candidate will practice strategy, time management, learn test taking strategies and expose any weaknesses in order to resolve them before the lab exam. On the final day of the course
The document describes the 10 step process to configure Cisco Call Manager Express (CME) on a router including: 1) configuring DHCP services to provide IP addresses, 2) configuring trunk ports and VLANs on a switch, 3) configuring inter-VLAN routing on the router, 4) setting the router clock with NTP, 5) installing CME software, 6) configuring TFTP services for IP phone firmware, 7) configuring system-level CME functions like maximum phones and DNs, 8) configuring firmware loads for different IP phone models, 9) setting the source IP address, and 10) generating and verifying IP phone configuration files.
Tri aoi training-supplementary_2011.01Ralph Nguyen
This document provides information on installing and configuring TRI-AOI inspection equipment, including:
- Installation modes for different production environments such as inline, offline, and standalone
- Network configuration details for connecting multiple AOI and SPI devices across 9 lines
- Specifications for main machines, main PCs, repair PCs, and SPC computers including model numbers, serial numbers, IP addresses, and other network settings
This document discusses home network technologies. It covers local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and common networking protocols and standards. Some key points:
- LANs connect devices within a home or small office using technologies like Ethernet over twisted pair cable or WiFi. Common LAN topologies are bus, star, and ring.
- WANs allow LANs to connect over long distances using technologies such as broadband internet, leased lines, or dial-up. Protocols like TCP/IP are commonly used for both LANs and WANs.
- Common networking standards include Ethernet, Token Ring, and protocols like TCP/IP, IPX/SP
This document provides instructions for troubleshooting connectivity issues between various devices in a network. It describes the network setup, including IP addresses assigned to routers, PCs, and servers. Users are reporting inability to access a web server. The task is to determine the cause of connectivity issues from different PCs and servers, attempt to resolve any issues, and clearly document unresolved problems. Steps are provided to check connectivity and configurations on each device, identify any issues, and determine if the second DNS server can be used.
Support for Network-based User Mobility with LISPAndrea Galvani
LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol) allows separating a host's identifier (EID) from its locator (RLOC), enabling mobility as the user's RLOC can change without affecting the EID. The document proposes LISP-ROAM, a network-based solution using LISP to provide connection continuity for users roaming across Wi-Fi networks. It presents a 5-step process: 1) user authentication via RADIUS, 2) retrieving the user's EID, 3) local configuration, 4) retrieving the home Map-Server details, and 5) updating the user's location. This allows maintaining TCP connections using constant EIDs as the user's RLOC is dynamically updated. Performance
CCIE Collaboration Bootcamp is designed to be a challenging five-day course for CCIE Collaboration candidates ready for CCIE Collaboration Lab Exam. This Bootcamp is designed for CCIE Collaboration candidates in the last months or weeks before their CCIE Collaboration Lab Exam. During the week students will tackle challenging full-day mock labs Monday through Thursday. Candidate will practice strategy, time management, learn test taking strategies and expose any weaknesses in order to resolve them before the lab exam. On the final day of the course
The document discusses using Iperf to measure network performance. Iperf can measure both TCP and UDP throughput. For TCP, it measures achievable bandwidth including the impact of the end systems. UDP provides more transparency and can directly measure loss and jitter. The document provides examples of invoking Iperf for TCP and UDP tests and discusses how to adjust settings like buffer size to optimize performance. It also describes how to use Iperf to generate high bandwidth streams and cautions against misusing it to overload networks.
The document discusses IPv6 and its advantages over IPv4. Some key points:
- IPv6 addresses are 128 bits, compared to 32 bits for IPv4, allowing for virtually unlimited unique addresses. IPv6 uses unicast, multicast, and anycast but not broadcast.
- IPv6 simplifies the header format and allows for extension headers to add new features. It also eliminates checksums and performs fragmentation only at the source.
- IPv6 was designed for autoconfiguration, allowing nodes to automatically obtain addresses and other information via protocols like SLAAC and DHCPv6.
The document is a quick start guide for installing and configuring a SonicWALL internet security appliance. It includes instructions on unpacking the contents of the package, connecting the appliance to a local network and the internet, and configuring a management computer to initially access the appliance's management interface using its default IP address of 192.168.168.168. The guide also provides a glossary of common networking terms and an overview of the appliance's hardware ports.
This document summarizes an ADSL router that provides:
- Built-in ADSL modem and Ethernet ports to connect devices to a high-speed internet connection and share the connection within a home or small office network.
- Network security features like NAT, VPN pass-through, and port blocking to protect connected devices from hackers on the internet.
- Ability to designate a connected device as a DMZ host to make it publicly accessible while protecting other devices.
This document discusses Samba and IPv6 support in Windows Vista. It notes that while raw SMB file sharing works over IPv6 in Samba 3 and Samba 4 with some workarounds, Samba cannot currently function as an Active Directory domain controller for IPv6 clients like Vista. It recommends that further work is needed in Samba 4 to fully support IPv6, especially for Active Directory functions, to allow organizations migrating to Vista and IPv6 networks to use Samba.
The document discusses software integration testing. It defines software integration testing as testing activities that integrate software components together to form a complete system. The document outlines different software integration strategies, including non-incremental and incremental strategies. It discusses traditional strategies like top-down and bottom-up integration. It also covers test drivers, stubs, and strategies for object-oriented integration like class test order.
This document lists various hardware components that can be used as inputs for computing devices, including scanners, touchscreens, microphones, webcams, joysticks, styluses, bar code readers, fingerprint readers, trackballs, mice, keyboards, RAM, and printers.
1. The document provides steps to configure Avaya Spaces Calling on an Avaya IP Office system. It outlines 14 configuration steps including enabling UC profiles in IP Office, configuring the One-X portal, retrieving API keys from Avaya Spaces, enabling apps in Spaces, and configuring WebRTC settings.
2. Additional resources are listed to support Avaya Spaces Calling and IP Office subscriptions including documentation, videos, presentations, and technical support information.
3. The document concludes by thanking the reader and reiterating Avaya's focus on providing experiences that matter.
This document discusses various techniques for allowing peer-to-peer communication between hosts located behind Network Address Translation (NAT) devices, including NAT traversal using UDP hole punching, TCP hole punching, relaying, connection reversal, and the TURN protocol. It also covers proxy protocols like SOCKS that can be used to traverse NATs, as well as the UPnP standard for automatic port forwarding configuration.
Www ccnav5 net_ccna_1_chapter_8_v5_0_exam_answers_2014Đồng Quốc Vương
This document contains sample exam questions and answers for the CCNA 1 and CCNA 2 certification exams. It includes multiple choice questions covering topics like IP addressing, subnetting, routing, switching, IPv4, IPv6, OSPF, EIGRP, and more. Answers are provided for each question to help students prepare for the CCNA exams.
CMIT 350 FINAL EXAM CCNA CERTIFICATION PRACTICE EXAMHamesKellor
The document provides sample questions that may appear on a CCNA certification practice exam. It includes questions about OSPF, router commands, frame relay, VLANs, routing protocols, and more. The questions cover a wide range of Cisco networking topics that are important for the CCNA exam.
The document provides information about network configuration and security best practices:
1. HTTPS should be used to transfer credit card information on a company website to encrypt the transmission.
2. A branch office router connecting to headquarters should be configured with encapsulation PPP and IP address 192.168.5.21 to establish the serial connection.
3. The service password-encryption and enable secret commands ensure passwords are encrypted in the router configuration.
This document summarizes network address translation (NAT). It defines key NAT terminology like inside/outside addresses and translations. It provides examples of static and dynamic NAT configuration using access lists, pools, and overload. It also covers port address translation, troubleshooting, and tuning NAT translations.
CCIE Collaboration Bootcamp is designed to be a challenging five-day course for CCIE Collaboration candidates ready for CCIE Collaboration Lab Exam. This Bootcamp is designed for CCIE Collaboration candidates in the last months or weeks before their CCIE Collaboration Lab Exam. During the week students will tackle challenging full-day mock labs Monday through Thursday. Candidate will practice strategy, time management, learn test taking strategies and expose any weaknesses in order to resolve them before the lab exam. On the final day of the course
The document describes the 10 step process to configure Cisco Call Manager Express (CME) on a router including: 1) configuring DHCP services to provide IP addresses, 2) configuring trunk ports and VLANs on a switch, 3) configuring inter-VLAN routing on the router, 4) setting the router clock with NTP, 5) installing CME software, 6) configuring TFTP services for IP phone firmware, 7) configuring system-level CME functions like maximum phones and DNs, 8) configuring firmware loads for different IP phone models, 9) setting the source IP address, and 10) generating and verifying IP phone configuration files.
Tri aoi training-supplementary_2011.01Ralph Nguyen
This document provides information on installing and configuring TRI-AOI inspection equipment, including:
- Installation modes for different production environments such as inline, offline, and standalone
- Network configuration details for connecting multiple AOI and SPI devices across 9 lines
- Specifications for main machines, main PCs, repair PCs, and SPC computers including model numbers, serial numbers, IP addresses, and other network settings
This document discusses home network technologies. It covers local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and common networking protocols and standards. Some key points:
- LANs connect devices within a home or small office using technologies like Ethernet over twisted pair cable or WiFi. Common LAN topologies are bus, star, and ring.
- WANs allow LANs to connect over long distances using technologies such as broadband internet, leased lines, or dial-up. Protocols like TCP/IP are commonly used for both LANs and WANs.
- Common networking standards include Ethernet, Token Ring, and protocols like TCP/IP, IPX/SP
This document provides instructions for troubleshooting connectivity issues between various devices in a network. It describes the network setup, including IP addresses assigned to routers, PCs, and servers. Users are reporting inability to access a web server. The task is to determine the cause of connectivity issues from different PCs and servers, attempt to resolve any issues, and clearly document unresolved problems. Steps are provided to check connectivity and configurations on each device, identify any issues, and determine if the second DNS server can be used.
Support for Network-based User Mobility with LISPAndrea Galvani
LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol) allows separating a host's identifier (EID) from its locator (RLOC), enabling mobility as the user's RLOC can change without affecting the EID. The document proposes LISP-ROAM, a network-based solution using LISP to provide connection continuity for users roaming across Wi-Fi networks. It presents a 5-step process: 1) user authentication via RADIUS, 2) retrieving the user's EID, 3) local configuration, 4) retrieving the home Map-Server details, and 5) updating the user's location. This allows maintaining TCP connections using constant EIDs as the user's RLOC is dynamically updated. Performance
CCIE Collaboration Bootcamp is designed to be a challenging five-day course for CCIE Collaboration candidates ready for CCIE Collaboration Lab Exam. This Bootcamp is designed for CCIE Collaboration candidates in the last months or weeks before their CCIE Collaboration Lab Exam. During the week students will tackle challenging full-day mock labs Monday through Thursday. Candidate will practice strategy, time management, learn test taking strategies and expose any weaknesses in order to resolve them before the lab exam. On the final day of the course
The document discusses using Iperf to measure network performance. Iperf can measure both TCP and UDP throughput. For TCP, it measures achievable bandwidth including the impact of the end systems. UDP provides more transparency and can directly measure loss and jitter. The document provides examples of invoking Iperf for TCP and UDP tests and discusses how to adjust settings like buffer size to optimize performance. It also describes how to use Iperf to generate high bandwidth streams and cautions against misusing it to overload networks.
The document discusses IPv6 and its advantages over IPv4. Some key points:
- IPv6 addresses are 128 bits, compared to 32 bits for IPv4, allowing for virtually unlimited unique addresses. IPv6 uses unicast, multicast, and anycast but not broadcast.
- IPv6 simplifies the header format and allows for extension headers to add new features. It also eliminates checksums and performs fragmentation only at the source.
- IPv6 was designed for autoconfiguration, allowing nodes to automatically obtain addresses and other information via protocols like SLAAC and DHCPv6.
The document is a quick start guide for installing and configuring a SonicWALL internet security appliance. It includes instructions on unpacking the contents of the package, connecting the appliance to a local network and the internet, and configuring a management computer to initially access the appliance's management interface using its default IP address of 192.168.168.168. The guide also provides a glossary of common networking terms and an overview of the appliance's hardware ports.
This document summarizes an ADSL router that provides:
- Built-in ADSL modem and Ethernet ports to connect devices to a high-speed internet connection and share the connection within a home or small office network.
- Network security features like NAT, VPN pass-through, and port blocking to protect connected devices from hackers on the internet.
- Ability to designate a connected device as a DMZ host to make it publicly accessible while protecting other devices.
This document discusses Samba and IPv6 support in Windows Vista. It notes that while raw SMB file sharing works over IPv6 in Samba 3 and Samba 4 with some workarounds, Samba cannot currently function as an Active Directory domain controller for IPv6 clients like Vista. It recommends that further work is needed in Samba 4 to fully support IPv6, especially for Active Directory functions, to allow organizations migrating to Vista and IPv6 networks to use Samba.
The document discusses software integration testing. It defines software integration testing as testing activities that integrate software components together to form a complete system. The document outlines different software integration strategies, including non-incremental and incremental strategies. It discusses traditional strategies like top-down and bottom-up integration. It also covers test drivers, stubs, and strategies for object-oriented integration like class test order.
This document lists various hardware components that can be used as inputs for computing devices, including scanners, touchscreens, microphones, webcams, joysticks, styluses, bar code readers, fingerprint readers, trackballs, mice, keyboards, RAM, and printers.
DDH atau dislokasi panggul kongenital terjadi ketika acetabulum dan kepala tulang paha tidak berada pada posisi yang semestinya. Gejala klinisnya antara lain kaki panjang sebelah dan lipatan paha yang tidak simetris. Diagnosis didukung dengan pemeriksaan fisik khusus dan pemeriksaan penunjang seperti USG dan rontgen. Tatalaksananya meliputi penyanggaan, traksi, operasi, dan prostesis tergantung us
This document discusses IP addressing and subnetting. It begins by explaining what an IP address is and how subnet masks are used to divide the address into a network and host portion. Various IP address classes and subnet mask lengths are presented. The document then demonstrates how to perform subnetting calculations to divide a network into multiple subnets and allocate host addresses within each subnet. Decimal to binary conversions and subnet mask bit calculations are also covered.
This document provides an overview of the Java programming language. It discusses key features such as platform independence, object-oriented programming principles like inheritance and polymorphism, automatic memory management, and security features. It also covers basic Java concepts like primitive data types, variables, operators, control flow statements, methods, classes and objects.
The document discusses Java development environments for Domino, including embedded applets, JavaScript, the Domino toolkit for Java/CORBA, and Harmony for Domino EJB. It also covers what to expect in Domino 6, including better integration with J2EE and Websphere. Examples provided include help desk, web services, and spam filter applications. Sites for additional information are listed at the end.
NAT (Network Address Translation) allows private IP addresses to be translated to public IP addresses to allow access to the internet. There are three types of NAT: static NAT maps a single private IP to a single public IP; dynamic NAT maps multiple private IPs to multiple public IPs; and PAT (Port Address Translation) maps multiple private IPs to a single public IP by multiplexing ports. The document provides configuration examples for static NAT, dynamic NAT, and PAT on Cisco routers to translate private to public IP addresses and allow internal hosts to access the internet.
The document discusses network address translation (NAT) and its key concepts. It explains that NAT allows private IP addresses to access the public internet by mapping them to public IP addresses. There are two types of NAT translations - static, where mappings are manually configured, and dynamic, where they are created automatically based on access lists. NAT can perform one-to-one or many-to-one address translations using port address translation (PAT) when there is a shortage of public IP addresses. The document provides examples of how NAT modifies source and destination addresses in packet headers during the translation process.
CCNA: Connecting Networks SA Exam
Lab 13 CCNA: Connecting Networks
CSIS 430 – Weeks 1 - 4
Hands-On Skills Assessment
Topology
Complete the assessment in Packet Tracer and document and fill in the blanks. Submit this file and the pka file in Week 8 Lab 13, Points will not be given for incomplete Steps.
Assessment Objectives
Part 1: Initialize Devices (2 points, 5 minutes)
Part 2: Configure Device Basic Settings (8 points, 20 minutes)
Part 3: Configure PPP Connections (7 points, 20 minutes)
Part 4: Configure NAT (4 points, 15 minutes)
Part 5: Monitor the Network (6 points, 15 minutes)
Part 6: Configure Frame Relay (7 points, 20 minutes)
Part 7: Configure a GRE VPN Tunnel (6 points, 20 minutes)
Scenario
In this Skills Assessment (SA) you will create a small network. You must connect the network devices and configure those devices to support various WAN protocols. This will require that you reload the routers before starting your configuration of the next WAN protocol. The assessment has you save your basic device configurations to flash prior to implementing a WAN protocol to allow you to restore these basic configurations after each reload.
The first WAN protocol you will configure is Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) with CHAP authentication. You will also configure Network Address Translation (NAT), and network monitoring protocols during this phase of the assessment. After your instructor has signed off on this phase, you will reload the routers and configure Frame Relay. After the Frame Relay part is complete, and has been signed off by your instructor, you will reload the routers and configure a GRE VPN tunnel. Network configurations and connectivity will be verified throughout the assessment by using common CLI commands.
Required Resources
3 Routers (Cisco 1941 with Cisco IOS Release 15.2(4)M3 universal image or comparable)
3 PCs (Windows 7, Vista, or XP with terminal emulation program, such as Tera Term.
Console cable to configure the Cisco IOS devices via the console ports
Ethernet and Serial cables as shown in the topology
Initialize Devices
Total points: 2
Time: 5 minutes
Initialize and reload routers.
Erase the startup configurations and reload the devices.
Task
IOS Command
Points
Erase the startup-config file on all routers.
erase startup-config
(1 point)
Reload all routers.
reload
(1 point)
Points: __________ of 2
Configure Device Basic Settings
Total points: 8
Time: 20 minutes
Configure PCs.
Assign static IPv4 address information (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway) to the three PCs in the topology. Refer to the Topology diagram to obtain the IP address information.
Configuration Item or Task
Specification
Points
Configure static IPv4 address information on PC-A.
IP Address: 192.168.11.3
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.11.1
1
Configure static IPv4 address information on PC-B.
IP Address: 192.168.22.3
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway: 192.168.22.1
Configure static IPv4 address information on PC ...
This document discusses network address translation (NAT) and port address translation (PAT). It provides configuration examples for static NAT, dynamic NAT, and NAT overloading. It also describes commands for verifying NAT configuration and troubleshooting NAT issues, such as using show commands to check the NAT translation table and statistics. The examples illustrate how to configure NAT on a router to translate internal IP addresses to external global IP addresses when routing traffic between inside and outside networks.
Cisco CCNA Training/Exam Tips that are helpful for your Certification Exam!
To be Cisco Certified please Check out:
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NAT (network address translation) & PAT (port address translation)Netwax Lab
NAT (Network Address Translation) allows private IP networks to connect to the Internet by translating private IP addresses to public IP addresses. It operates on a router, connecting internal and external networks. NAT provides security by hiding internal network addresses and conserving IP addresses. There are various NAT types, including static NAT for one-to-one address mapping, dynamic NAT for mapping private addresses to public addresses from a pool, and NAT overload/PAT for mapping multiple private addresses to a single public address using ports.
The document provides instructions for completing a practice skills exam on CCNA topics including IPv4 and IPv6 addressing, router and switch configuration, and device security. It includes requirements for configuring a town hall router, administration switch, and various hosts. The summary is:
1) Configure IPv4 and IPv6 addressing for routers, switches and hosts.
2) Hardened the town hall router's security and configured interfaces.
3) Enabled management on the administration switch.
4) Addressed and configured hosts with IPv4 and IPv6.
5) Backed up the town hall router configuration to a TFTP server.
This is an introductory presentation regarding the issues in designing a campus network infrastructure. Unlike theoretical approaches, this presentation actually was used to describe some of the real configurations performed by Server Administrators and Network Managers. This is for an introductory audience with very little background in computer networks assumed.
NAT is used to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses to allow access to the internet. There are different types of NAT including static NAT for one-to-one mapping, dynamic NAT for mapping multiple private addresses to public addresses from a pool, and NAT overload/PAT which maps multiple private addresses to a single public address using port addressing. The document provides configuration examples for static, dynamic, and overload NAT on a Cisco router.
The document describes steps to configure a network including: designing an IP addressing scheme; configuring DHCP, WAN technologies, EIGRP routing, and NAT; and implementing ACLs for security. Key steps include subnetting the 172.16.1.128/25 network and assigning addresses, configuring R3 as a DHCP server, enabling routing with EIGRP, using NAT on R2 for Internet access, and applying ACLs to restrict access between networks.
The document provides information about network address translation (NAT) for IPv4. It discusses the purpose and functions of NAT, different types of NAT including static NAT, dynamic NAT, and port address translation (PAT). The advantages of NAT include conserving IPv4 addresses and hiding internal network addresses. Disadvantages include increased delays and loss of end-to-end addressing and traceability. The document also provides configuration instructions for different NAT types on Cisco routers.
The document provides instructions to configure IP addressing, DHCP, WAN technologies including PPP and Frame Relay, EIGRP routing, NAT, and ACLs on routers R1, R2, and R3. Key steps include designing an IP addressing scheme, configuring R3 as a DHCP server, verifying connectivity over PPP and HDLC WAN links, configuring EIGRP routing, configuring NAT and PAT on R2, and applying ACLs to implement security policies.
The document outlines the steps to add a second LAN to an existing network in Packet Tracer, including:
- Adding a switch, two PCs, and a server to the new LAN
- Configuring the switch, server, and router interfaces with static IP addresses
- Setting up DHCP, DNS, and HTTP services on the server to provide IP addresses, domain name resolution, and a web page for the new LAN
- Testing connectivity between the new LAN components and the existing LAN to validate the new network configuration
How to link public addresses (real ip) to private ip or lan ipTũi Wichets
The document provides instructions for configuring Network Address Translation (NAT) on a router to link private IP addresses on a local area network to public IP addresses. It describes adding two public IP addresses and a private address to the router's interfaces, setting a default route specifying one public address, creating a destination NAT rule to access an internal server via a public address, and source NAT rules to translate the internal server's address and other hosts' addresses to the public addresses.
This document outlines the visual objectives and topology for labs in the Cisco ICND1 certification course. It includes labs on using network tools, observing network traffic, configuring switches and routers, IP addressing, subnetting, DHCP, routing, and managing Cisco devices. The labs are designed to teach skills for interconnecting Cisco networking devices.
This document describes network address translation (NAT) configuration on a router with two interfaces: FastEthernet0 connected to the inside network 10.0.0.0/16 and FastEthernet1 connected to the outside network 174.143.212.0/22. It shows static and dynamic NAT configuration using access lists and NAT pools to translate internal IP addresses to external global IP addresses. It also covers port address translation (PAT) and terminology related to NAT such as inside/outside local and global addresses, NAT pools, and troubleshooting commands.
This document discusses Network Address Translation (NAT). It begins with an overview of NAT, describing it as a method of remapping an IP address space from one range to another by modifying packet headers. It then covers the different NAT types (static NAT, dynamic NAT, and PAT), how they work, and how to configure each type on a router. It also discusses verifying NAT configurations and the limited need for NAT with IPv6.
How to configure static nat on cisco routersIT Tech
This document provides instructions for configuring static network address translation (NAT) on a Cisco router to map a private IP address to a public IP address. It explains that NAT allows private IP addresses on an internal network to be represented by public IP addresses on the external network. It then outlines the steps to configure static NAT on a Cisco router by defining the inside and outside interfaces, and using commands like "ip nat inside" and "ip nat outside" to identify the interfaces and "ip nat inside source static" to define the address mapping. It verifies the NAT configuration is working properly using show commands.
Purpose: This chapter provides an overview of Network Address Translation (NAT) and Port Address Translation (PAT). It then discusses how to enable it on a Cisco router.
Timing: This chapter takes approximately 2 hours to present.
Note: This section has a laboratory exercise that allows students to enable NAT on a Cisco router.
Contents:
Objectives—This section explains what the student will be able to do at the end of this chapter.
NAT Overview—This section introduces students to NAT.
NAT Operation—This section describes how NAT works.
Configuring NAT—This section describes how to configure NAT on a Cisco IOS™ router.
Verifying and Troubleshooting NAT—This section describes how to verify NAT configuration.
Configuring and Troubleshooting PAT on the 700 Router—This section describes how to enable PAT on a 700 series Cisco router.
Laboratory Exercise—Students will configure NAT.
Summary—This section summarizes what was taught in the chapter.
Review Questions—This section offers open-ended review questions. They should foster discussion after presenting the chapter.
Transition: Following are the performance objectives that describe what students will be able to do at the end of the chapter.
Purpose: This figure states the chapter objectives.
Emphasize: Read or state each objective so each student has a clear understanding of the chapter objectives.
Purpose: This figure is a graphical illustration of the chapter objectives.
Purpose: This figure describes circumstances when you would implement NAT.
Emphasize: Examples when NAT may be employed include two companies that have duplicate internal addressing schemes merge, or a company changes its Internet Service Provider (ISP) but does not want to change its internal address scheme.
Transition: Advantages and disadvantages of using NAT follow.
Purpose: This figure describes advantages and disadvantages of implementing NAT.
Note: The most obvious advantage is that NAT conserves the legally registered address scheme.
Transition: An overview of NAT follows.
Purpose: This figure is a transition into the NAT overview section. It also highlights some important NAT terms.
Emphasize: Highlight the different sending addresses on the packet before it enters the router and after it leaves the router. Compare those addresses to those listed on the NAT table.
Describe each term as it relates to the figure.
Note: The letters on the figure correspond to the descriptions in the text. Descriptions for outside local IP address and extended translation entry are not represented graphically.
Easy IP is a related feature to NAT available on Cisco routers. Configuring Easy IP is not taught in this course. The Easy IP (Phase 1) feature combines NAT and Point-to-point (PPP)/Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP). This feature enables a Cisco router to automatically negotiate its own registered WAN interface IP address from a central server and enable all remote hosts to access the global Internet using this single registered IP address. Because Easy IP (Phase 1) uses existing port-level multiplexed NAT functionality within the Cisco IOS software, IP addresses on the remote LAN are invisible to the Internet.
Reference: For a complete description of the Easy IP configuration commands, refer to the “Easy IP Commands” chapter in the Dial Solutions Command Reference.
Purpose: This figure is a transition that highlights the NAT functions that are presented in the next few figures.
Emphasize: The next few figures discuss the following NAT functions:
Translating inside global addresses
Overloading inside global addresses
Handling overlapping networks
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) load distribution
Transition: The next figure describes translating inside global addresses.
Purpose: This figure explains how address translation works.
Emphasize: Later when students learn to configure address translation, they will be able to use either static NAT configuration or dynamic NAT configuration.
Transition: The next figure describes overloading inside global addresses.
Purpose: This figure explains how overloading inside global addresses works.
Emphasize: Overloading inside global address translation is Port Address Translation (PAT). How to configure PAT on a Cisco 700 series router is described later in this chapter.
Transition: The next figure describes TCP load distribution.
Purpose: This figure describes TCP load distribution.
Emphasize: Load distribution is used when multiple inside stations have mirrored resources, requiring a unique virtual addressing scheme.
Transition: The next figure describes handling overlapping networks.
Purpose: This figure describes overlapping networks.
Transition: The following figures describe how to configure a Cisco IOS router to enable the NAT features just discussed.
Purpose: This figure displays the static NAT configuration output.
Emphasize: Highlight the inside and outside interfaces on this configuration.
Note: This figure and the subsequent NAT configuration figures only display the configurations necessary to configure NAT translation. Other commands may be necessary for routing.
Purpose: This figure displays the dynamic NAT configuration output.
Purpose: This figure describes how to configure inside global address overloading.
Purpose: This figure describes how to configure TCP load distribution.
Purpose: This figure describes how to configure NAT to translate overlapping addresses.
Purpose: This figure describes how to verify your NAT configuration output.
Emphasize: The upper output box displays the typical NAT table. The lower output box displays the NAT table with overloading.
Note: When looking at the IP NAT translations, you may see many translations from the same host to the same host at the destination. This is typical of many connections to the Web.
Purpose: This figure describes the debug ip nat command.
Emphasize: Show the sending address, the translation, and the destination address on each debug line.
Purpose: This figure describes how to clear your NAT entries from the translation table.
Emphasize: The “*” clears all entries from the NAT table.
Both output boxes in the figure show how the NAT table looks before and after translations are cleared.
Purpose: Review the summary items with your students.
Emphasize: Read or restate the summary statements. By now, your presentation and classroom discussion should have students able to meet the chapter learning objectives.
Purpose: Review the chapter with the open-ended questions.
Note: The questions in this section are open-ended questions designed to foster further discussion.
Answers to the review questions are in Appendix B, “Answers to the Review Questions.”