Mycotoxin (citrinin)
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Citrinin is a mycotoxin produced by several fungi species like Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus. It is commonly found stored grains, fruits, nuts, and other plant products. Citrinin causes toxicity by reducing cytokine production, inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis, inducing oxidative stress, and activating apoptotic cell death. The main health issues from citrinin exposure are kidney damage as it is the primary target organ, as well as potential liver, respiratory, reproductive and birth defects.
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- 1. Mycotoxin (citrinin) Presented by Bilal Hussain Microbiologist
- 2. Citrinin • Citrinin is a mycotoxin which is often found in food. It is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi Citrinin is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin • Type of fungi: • Citrinin are produced by several species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus.
- 3. Food reserviour: • Cirtrinin is found in ice, apples fruit juic es, black olive, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts, pistachio nuts sunflower seeds, • Citrinin is mainly found in stored grains, but sometimes also in fruits and other plant products. • high citrinin concentrations can be found in stored grains and grain-based products.
- 4. Mechanism of action: • In vitro studies have revealed the involvement of citrinin toxicity in reduced cytokine production, inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis, induction of oxidative stress, inhibition of nitride oxide gene expression, increase in ROS production and activation of apoptotic cell death .
- 6. Complications caused by citrinin • kidney is the main target organ of citrinin. • Liver and kidneys damaging • Respiratory problems • Reproductive problems • Birth defects • Death