This document summarizes several theorists' views on codes and conventions in media such as music videos. It discusses Roland Barthes' five codes of media representation: the hermeneutic code, the proairetic code, the semantic code, the symbolic code, and the cultural code. It also summarizes Andrew Goodwin's five key aspects of music video analysis: narrative and performance, star image, technical aspects, thought beats, and music visualization. Finally, it discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the male gaze and how media often depicts women and events from a heterosexual male point of view.