With MySQL being the most popular open source DBMS in the world and with an estimated growth of 16 percent anually until 2020,we can assume that sooner or later an Oracle DBA will be handling a MySQL database in their shop. This beginner/intermediate-level session will take you through my journey of an Oracle DBA and my first 100 days of starting to administer a MySQL database, show several demos and all the roadblocks and the success I had along this path.
With MySQL being the most popular open source DBMS in the world and with an estimated growth of 16 percent anually until 2020,we can assume that sooner or later an Oracle DBA will be handling a MySQL database in their shop. This beginner/intermediate-level session will take you through my journey of an Oracle DBA and my first 100 days of starting to administer a MySQL database, show several demos and all the roadblocks and the success I had along this path.
Today, many businesses around the world are using an Oracle product and in many of these at the core there is an Oracle Database. Many of us who started as a Database administrator where put in this position because we were good PL/SQL programmers or good Sysadmins, but knew very little of what it took to be a DBA. In this session you will learn the core architecture of an Oracle Database in 12c as well as what it takes to administer and apply this new knowledge the day you go back to your office.
Today, many businesses around the world are using an Oracle product and in many of these at the core there is an Oracle Database. Many of us who started as a Database administrator where put in this position because we were good PL/SQL programmers or good Sysadmins, but knew very little of what it took to be a DBA. In this session you will learn the core architecture of an Oracle Database in 12c as well as what it takes to administer and apply this new knowledge the day you go back to your office.
Oracle Recovery Manager (Oracle RMAN) has evolved since being released in version 8i. With the newest version of Oracle 12c , RMAN has great new features that will allow you to reduce your down time in case of a disaster. In this session you will learn about the new features that were introduced in Oracle 12c and how can you take advantage of them from the first day you upgrade to this version.
The biggest headine at the 2009 Oracle OpenWorld was when Larry Ellison announced that Oracle was entering the hardware business with a pre-built database machine, engineered by Oracle. Since then businesses around the world have started to use these engineered systems. This beginner/intermediate-level session will take you through my first 100 days of starting to administer an Exadata machine and all the roadblocks and all the success I had along this new path.
With Apache Cassandra being a massively scalable open source NoSQL database and with the amount of data that we create and copy annually which is doubling in size every two years, it is expected to reach 44 zettabytes, or 44 trillion gigabytes, we can assume that sooner or later a DBA will be handling a Cassandra database in their shop. This beginner/intermediate-level session will take you through my journey of an Oracle DBA and my first 100 days of starting to administer a Cassandra Cluster, show several demos and all the roadblocks and the success I had along this path.
Architecting your own DBaaS in a Private Cloud with EM12c (WP)Gustavo Rene Antunez
Oracle in the 2014 edition of its Open World rolled out new database public cloud service with its DBaaS offerings, but this is just a piece in each company's technological architecture. Businesses still have the need to create a Private cloud and discover the driver to create it; Wether it is a measured service,consolidation or rapid provisioning, finding this driver will be the initial building block for it. This presentation will give you an insight on how a Private Cloud is architected, how the service catalog is the most important brick and how get the benefit of this upcoming era of Databases.
Attendees in this session will enhance their skills and job relevancy by gaining new knowledge and skills using the Oracle Public Cloud within their job role through actual use cases .
Will detail how backup to the cloud can be used to meet different needs of their organization and how to justify use of new technology within their business. Learn how to create a storage container, setup OS secure authentication and configure RMAN to use the Oracle Cloud. Perform a backup to the Oracle Cloud and recover from it back to your on-premise server. Learn how to migrate from an on-premise Oracle Database 12c to a pluggable Oracle Database 12c (PDB) in the Oracle Cloud. Then move a PDB in which Developers have completed their work in the Oracle Cloud back on-premise and into production
With MySQL being the most popular open source DBMS in the world and with an estimated growth of 16 percent anually until 2020,we can assume that sooner or later an Oracle DBA will be handling a MySQL database in their shop. This beginner/intermediate-level session will take you through my journey of an Oracle DBA and my first 100 days of starting to administer a MySQL database, show several demos and all the roadblocks and the success I had along this path.
Today, many businesses around the world are using an Oracle product and in many of these at the core there is an Oracle Database. Many of us who started as a Database administrator where put in this position because we were good PL/SQL programmers or good Sysadmins, but knew very little of what it took to be a DBA. In this session you will learn the core architecture of an Oracle Database in 12c as well as what it takes to administer and apply this new knowledge the day you go back to your office.
Today, many businesses around the world are using an Oracle product and in many of these at the core there is an Oracle Database. Many of us who started as a Database administrator where put in this position because we were good PL/SQL programmers or good Sysadmins, but knew very little of what it took to be a DBA. In this session you will learn the core architecture of an Oracle Database in 12c as well as what it takes to administer and apply this new knowledge the day you go back to your office.
Oracle Recovery Manager (Oracle RMAN) has evolved since being released in version 8i. With the newest version of Oracle 12c , RMAN has great new features that will allow you to reduce your down time in case of a disaster. In this session you will learn about the new features that were introduced in Oracle 12c and how can you take advantage of them from the first day you upgrade to this version.
The biggest headine at the 2009 Oracle OpenWorld was when Larry Ellison announced that Oracle was entering the hardware business with a pre-built database machine, engineered by Oracle. Since then businesses around the world have started to use these engineered systems. This beginner/intermediate-level session will take you through my first 100 days of starting to administer an Exadata machine and all the roadblocks and all the success I had along this new path.
With Apache Cassandra being a massively scalable open source NoSQL database and with the amount of data that we create and copy annually which is doubling in size every two years, it is expected to reach 44 zettabytes, or 44 trillion gigabytes, we can assume that sooner or later a DBA will be handling a Cassandra database in their shop. This beginner/intermediate-level session will take you through my journey of an Oracle DBA and my first 100 days of starting to administer a Cassandra Cluster, show several demos and all the roadblocks and the success I had along this path.
Architecting your own DBaaS in a Private Cloud with EM12c (WP)Gustavo Rene Antunez
Oracle in the 2014 edition of its Open World rolled out new database public cloud service with its DBaaS offerings, but this is just a piece in each company's technological architecture. Businesses still have the need to create a Private cloud and discover the driver to create it; Wether it is a measured service,consolidation or rapid provisioning, finding this driver will be the initial building block for it. This presentation will give you an insight on how a Private Cloud is architected, how the service catalog is the most important brick and how get the benefit of this upcoming era of Databases.
Attendees in this session will enhance their skills and job relevancy by gaining new knowledge and skills using the Oracle Public Cloud within their job role through actual use cases .
Will detail how backup to the cloud can be used to meet different needs of their organization and how to justify use of new technology within their business. Learn how to create a storage container, setup OS secure authentication and configure RMAN to use the Oracle Cloud. Perform a backup to the Oracle Cloud and recover from it back to your on-premise server. Learn how to migrate from an on-premise Oracle Database 12c to a pluggable Oracle Database 12c (PDB) in the Oracle Cloud. Then move a PDB in which Developers have completed their work in the Oracle Cloud back on-premise and into production
Fast, Flexible Application Development with Oracle Database Cloud ServiceGustavo Rene Antunez
Developing applications to run on the most important Database Manager in the world ? Why not do it in the cloud? With Oracle Database Cloud Service, developers can quickly and easily access the power and flexibility of the Oracle database in the cloud. With a choice between an instance or a dedicated database with full administrative control, or a schema dedicated to a development platform and full deployment managed by Oracle, developers can decide how much control they have over their development environments. Attend this session to learn more about the features and benefits of Oracle Database Cloud.
The biggest headine at the 2009 Oracle OpenWorld was when Larry Ellison announced that Oracle was entering the hardware business with a pre-built database machine, engineered by Oracle. Since then businesses around the world have started to use these engineered systems. This beginner/intermediate-level session will take you through my first 100 days of starting to administer an Exadata machine and all the roadblocks and all the success I had along this new path.
Oracle Recovery Manager (Oracle RMAN) has evolved since being released in version 8i. With the newest version of Oracle 12c , RMAN has great new features that will allow you to reduce your down time in case of a disaster. In this session you will learn about the new features that were introduced in Oracle 12c and how can you take advantage of them from the first day you upgrade to this version.
Oracle Exadata is a packaged solution offering from Oracle, configured with bundled hardware, storage and database, which is touted to be optimized for handling scalable data warehouse-type workloads in query and analysis.
Oracle in the 2014 edition of its Open World rolled out new database public cloud service with its DBaaS offerings, but this is just a piece in each company's technological architecture. Businesses still have the need to create a Private cloud and discover the driver to create it; Wether it is a measured service,consolidation or rapid provisioning, finding this driver will be the initial building block for it. This presentation will give you an insight on how a Private Cloud is architected, how the service catalog is the most important brick and how get the benefit of this upcoming era of Databases.
You most probably dont need an RMAN catalog databaseYury Velikanov
or 10 compelling reasons why you may need a catalog database (alternative title). The title of this session is on purpose thought provoking. The author is an experience Oracle DBA in Oracle backup & recovery area. During the presentation he will go through top reasons why you may need to implement RMAN catalog database and give you additional ideas on how you can improve your backups leveraging additional benefits provided by RMAN catalog database. The author will explain in what cases and why you may not need the catalog database. You will go away with a clear understanding on how to benefit from RMAN catalog database and when it may be optional. This is another presentation from author's popular RMAN papers.
Ameerpet Online Training gives you an effective and proven online learning option with an extensive learning catalog and the freedom to attend from virtually anywhere. We have trained nearly 1500+ Students on all technologies.
We are offering 10% off on Oracle Training and we will arrange a free demo at your flexible timings
Oracle RAC 12c (12.1.0.2) Operational Best Practices - A result of true colla...Markus Michalewicz
This is the latest version of the Oracle RAC 12c (12.1.0.2) Operational Best Practices presentation as shown during IOUG / Collaborate15. As best practices are a result of true collaboration this will probably be the last version before OOW 2015.
Fast, Flexible Application Development with Oracle Database Cloud ServiceGustavo Rene Antunez
Developing applications to run on the most important Database Manager in the world ? Why not do it in the cloud? With Oracle Database Cloud Service, developers can quickly and easily access the power and flexibility of the Oracle database in the cloud. With a choice between an instance or a dedicated database with full administrative control, or a schema dedicated to a development platform and full deployment managed by Oracle, developers can decide how much control they have over their development environments. Attend this session to learn more about the features and benefits of Oracle Database Cloud.
The biggest headine at the 2009 Oracle OpenWorld was when Larry Ellison announced that Oracle was entering the hardware business with a pre-built database machine, engineered by Oracle. Since then businesses around the world have started to use these engineered systems. This beginner/intermediate-level session will take you through my first 100 days of starting to administer an Exadata machine and all the roadblocks and all the success I had along this new path.
Oracle Recovery Manager (Oracle RMAN) has evolved since being released in version 8i. With the newest version of Oracle 12c , RMAN has great new features that will allow you to reduce your down time in case of a disaster. In this session you will learn about the new features that were introduced in Oracle 12c and how can you take advantage of them from the first day you upgrade to this version.
Oracle Exadata is a packaged solution offering from Oracle, configured with bundled hardware, storage and database, which is touted to be optimized for handling scalable data warehouse-type workloads in query and analysis.
Oracle in the 2014 edition of its Open World rolled out new database public cloud service with its DBaaS offerings, but this is just a piece in each company's technological architecture. Businesses still have the need to create a Private cloud and discover the driver to create it; Wether it is a measured service,consolidation or rapid provisioning, finding this driver will be the initial building block for it. This presentation will give you an insight on how a Private Cloud is architected, how the service catalog is the most important brick and how get the benefit of this upcoming era of Databases.
You most probably dont need an RMAN catalog databaseYury Velikanov
or 10 compelling reasons why you may need a catalog database (alternative title). The title of this session is on purpose thought provoking. The author is an experience Oracle DBA in Oracle backup & recovery area. During the presentation he will go through top reasons why you may need to implement RMAN catalog database and give you additional ideas on how you can improve your backups leveraging additional benefits provided by RMAN catalog database. The author will explain in what cases and why you may not need the catalog database. You will go away with a clear understanding on how to benefit from RMAN catalog database and when it may be optional. This is another presentation from author's popular RMAN papers.
Ameerpet Online Training gives you an effective and proven online learning option with an extensive learning catalog and the freedom to attend from virtually anywhere. We have trained nearly 1500+ Students on all technologies.
We are offering 10% off on Oracle Training and we will arrange a free demo at your flexible timings
Oracle RAC 12c (12.1.0.2) Operational Best Practices - A result of true colla...Markus Michalewicz
This is the latest version of the Oracle RAC 12c (12.1.0.2) Operational Best Practices presentation as shown during IOUG / Collaborate15. As best practices are a result of true collaboration this will probably be the last version before OOW 2015.
Compare the capabilities of the Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Serv.pdfarihantplastictanksh
Compare the capabilities of the Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle’s MySQL, and
Oracle relational database management systems (RDBMSs). Your paper should discuss the
processing speeds, data storage capabilities, maximum users supported, platforms supported,
user interfaces, development tools, vendor support, and cost. Discuss and cite at least two
references in addition to our textbook. Your paper should be 3-5 pages in length (excluding title
and References pages)
Solution
Microsoft Access
Overview:
Microsoft Access is a part of Microsoft Office,
it is commercially available database in the market
Inexpensive/standard on most computers
users can create complex databases
database professionalas can use construct a database
customers of MS-Access:
It is mainly used in small corporate companies or IT Sectors with 1-80 endusers.
Features of MS-Access:
1.It is having GUI Interface for creating databases
2. A databae contains tables, forms, reports, queries, macros.
3. It facilitates autocontent wizards to build tables or forms or reports.
4. It acts as an interface to other DBMS using ODBC
5. It is used for small business companies
6. Provides security like password protection
7. Provides a Data dictionary
8. We can repair the database
9. We can create different views
10. External data can be imported into Access
11. We can create web pages based using the database
12. It has as built in Macro functions
13. It uses Structurered Query Language
14. We can create forms, reports etc by using Visual Basic Application programming
15. Provides Add in controls like calendars
16. It can merged into word and analysed with Excel etc.
Issues:
Security:
User level security is very difficult
Tuning:
It does not have the ability to split over multiple Hard Drives, multiple CPUs or to place tables
into memory.
Locking:
Basic handling of concurrent users Backup and recovery at basic level.
ANSI SQL standard often doesn\'t work,MS-Access has it\'s own modified version of ANSI
SQL.
MySQL
Overview
MySQL is a database engine. It has a command line interface that allows the creation of
database. It Requires Front-end applications to access it for end users. EX:- C#, PHP, Microsoft
ASP.Net.
Typical users
Small companies or workgroups, through to very large Internet databases with large numbers of
users
Ex:wikipedia,Moodle.
Features
1. Speed:One of the fastest databases available
2. Ease of use: when compared to larger databases such as Oracle Uses standard SQL
3. Capability: A multi-threaded server allowing many clients to connect at the same time Fully
networked for the Internet with built in security
4.Portability: Runs on a many operating systems and different hardware
5. Small size: when compared to other large databases e.g. Oracle
6. Availabliity and Cost: Open Source ,Free in most situations to use
7. Open distribution and source code: You can check how it works – if you have the knowledge.
8. interface to other DBMS’s using Open Database Connectivit.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
My First 100 days with a MySQL DBMS (WP)
1. COLLABORATE 15 – IOUG Forum
Database
1 | P a g e “My First 100 days with a MySQL DBMS”
White Paper
My First 100 days with a MySQL DBMS
René Antúnez, The Pythian Group
ABSTRACT
TARGET AUDIENCE
This document will benefit whoever is starting to use and administer a MySQL RDBMS, it covers the basic concepts and
management tips to be able to start as a MySQL Administrator.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
WHAT IS A MYSQL RDBMS?
MySQL is one, if not, the world’s most popular open source database and it is a main component of the LAMP
(Linux,Apache,MySQL,Php) open source software stack. Being an open source software, there exists a commercial site
(http://mysql.com) which includes links to webinars, whitepapers, and information on products and services and a developer
zone (http://dev.mysql.com/) includes links to manuals, worklogs, podcasts, labs, articles, news and Planet MySQL. Unlike
other RDBMS, MySQL uses a pluggable storage engine architecture, meaning that that a storage engine can be loaded and
unloaded from a running MySQL server
MYSQL ARCHITECTURE
As many other popular RDBMS’s the MySQL database system also operates client/server architecture. MySQL can be setup
to run multiple instances with different server ids on different sockets and port numbers
• Server MySQL : mysqld is the daemon program that manages databases and tables. Mostly installed using binary pre-
compiled for select Operating System. It is also available open source from different vendors such as Oracle, Percona
and Mariadb. Default port for mysql is 3306 and can be configured
• Client programs: These are programs are connecting to mysqld server by sending requests using network or socket
connection. While there are many clients to be used for mysql connection MySQL provides pre-compiled command
line utility called mysql.
With MySQL being the most popular open source DBMS in the world and with an estimated growth of 16 percent annually
until 2020,we can assume that sooner or later an Oracle DBA will be handling a MySQL database in their shop. This
beginner/intermediate-level session will take you through my journey of an Oracle DBA and my first 100 days of starting to
administer a MySQL database, show several demos and all the roadblocks and the success I had along this path.
Reader will be able to:
• What is the MySQL architecture and how does it relate to the Oracle Architecture.
• Gain an insight into how to administer a MySQL DBMS and what tools are available for a MySQL DBA.
• What are the main concerns regarding backups and replication with a MySQL DBMS.
2. COLLABORATE 15 – IOUG Forum
Database
2 | P a g e “My First 100 days with a MySQL DBMS”
White Paper
MySQL consists of two-tier architecture while processing data to respond DML statements. MySQL’s architecture on storage
engine and SQL tiers are different than conventional RDBMS systems.
To understand the role of storage engines in MySQL you have to have a basic understanding of MySQL’s API architecture.
1) A query comes in (SQL interface)
2) Is parsed and the syntax is checked (Parser),
3) An execution plan is determined (optimizer)
4) Execution plan sent to the query processor who generates a queue of method calls (Handler calls to the API interface
of the various storage engines).
5) The storage engine handles the actual data/file/disk access.
How it’s done is left up to the individual storage engine. Because of the separation of the server from the storage engines, the
various storage engines can have differing capabilities.
• Connection Tier: The MySQL server (mysqld) accepts connections based on the protocol used and authenticates them
to allow access to Upper Tier. If connections established through this tier it’s passed to upper MySQL tier.
• Upper Tier: This tier has combined layers of SQL parser and optimizer. The server mysqld parses statements and uses
optimizers to help to determine best access method.
• Lower Tier: This tier is more of modular architecture than upper tier. At this tier MySQL has multiple storage engines
those manage own tables. Each storage engine is responsible for managing associated. So bottom line is storage
engines are pluggable to MySQL server. There are differences and restrictions between storage engines.
OPTION FILES
MySQL reads startup options from option files, better known as configuration files and these lists specific startup options
which allows the option set to persist after a server restart. One thing that we need to be aware of is that the option file by
default can be read from a number of locations, so be sure to look in the manual for a full listing of where MySQL looks for
3. COLLABORATE 15 – IOUG Forum
Database
3 | P a g e “My First 100 days with a MySQL DBMS”
White Paper
the option files. In Linux you normally see them in /etc/my.cnf and /etc/mysql/my.cnf, in Windows INSTALLDIRmy.ini and
INSTALLDIRmy.cnf, be sure to read the latest manual for a full listing of where MySQL looks for the option files.
Example of a global option file.
To find out which configuration files mysqld is loading on Linux, you can run the following shell command:
DISK AND MEMORY SPACE USAGE
MySQL server uses disk space based on storage type selected. Top-level directory per database is created from mysql --datadir
configuration.
a) Database directories: Database directory created per database to hold data files associated with storage engine types.
This directory is created independent from storage engine type.
b) Table format files called (*.frm) files. This file keeps the definition (schema) of the table. Every table will have one .frm
file of its own.
c) Data and index files created for tables under same top-level directory used for database. MyISAM storage engine
creates one file per table for each data and index. So it will have three files per table under its database directory.
d) If using the InnoDB storage engine it uses tablespace to control data and index information for all of its tables. It is
the most important and complex one amongst other engines provided. It’s the only engine provides ACID
compliance as well as other advanced features like stored procedures and triggers.
[client]
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
key_buffer_size=16M
max_allowed_packet=8M
[mysqldump]
quick
$strace -e stat64 mysqld --print-defaults
$lsof -p <mysqld_pid)
4. COLLABORATE 15 – IOUG Forum
Database
4 | P a g e “My First 100 days with a MySQL DBMS”
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INSTALLING MYSQL
There are different methods of installing MySQL, but the easiest way to do it, is through a yum repository, below is an
example on a Linux 6.6
The generic Unix/Linux binary file layout of the installation is shown in the table below
Directory Contents
bin Client programs and mysqld server
data Log files and databases
docs Manual in Info format
man Unix manual pages
As root
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-release-el6-6.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-community-server
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld:[ OK ]
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld status
mysqld (pid 407) is running.
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation
As local user
[mysql@localhost Desktop]$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
…
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER 'rene'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'oracle';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'rene'@'%' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
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include Include (header) files
lib Libraries
scripts mysql_install_db
share Misc support files including error messages, sample option files and SQL for database
installation
sql-bench Benchmarks
MYSQL ENGINE TYPES
As we mentioned before, MySQL uses a pluggable storage engine architecture, meaning that that a storage engine can be
loaded and unloaded from a running MySQL server. Two of the most popular are Innodb and MyISAM . As of MySQL 5.5 and
later Innodb is the default storage engine in a fresh MySQL installation.
DIFFERENCES OF INNODB AND MYISAM
a) InnoDB DML operations (add, update and delete data) is ACID (atomic, consistent, isolated and durable) model
compatible.
b) InnoDB has foreign keys and relationship constraints while MyISAM does not
c) InnoDB has granular locking level from table to row-level lock for inserting and updating while MyISAM implements
table-level lock.
d) InnoDB has Stored Procedures and Triggers while MyISAM does not
e) InnoDB allows some online DDL (alter) operations without locking MyISAM does not
mysql> SHOW ENGINES;
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+-----+
| Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA |
Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+-----+
| FEDERATED | NO | Federated MySQL storage engine | NULL | NULL | NULL
|
| MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO
|
| MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO
|
| BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO
|
| CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO
|
| MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO
|
| ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO
|
| InnoDB | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES
|
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO
|
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+-----+
9 rows in set (0.28 sec)
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f) InnoDB requires more hardware resources to run specifically RAM as the buffer cache uses to serve faster data.
g) MyISAM Especially good for read-intensive (select) tables
h) There is a limit of 232 (~4.295E+09) rows in a MyISAM table
Creating a table with a specific storage engine
Setting the default storage engine
Other engine types are only used when there’s a specific need and custom application for it. Usually they aren’t being utilised
as much as Innodb or MyIsam engines. Some are listed below:
• Memory
• CSV
• Archive
• Blackhole
• 3rd Party
mysql> CREATE TABLE test1 (col1 INT, col2 CHAR(30), PRIMARY KEY (col1)) ENGINE = INNODB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.29 sec)
mysql> DESC test1;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| col1 | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | |
| col2 | char(30) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.18 sec)
mysql> CREATE TABLE test2 (col1 INT, col2 CHAR(30)) ENGINE = MYISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS FROM rene;
+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-------------------+---------
-----+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------
+----------+----------------+---------+
| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length |
Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time |
Collation | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |
+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-------------------+---------
-----+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------
+----------+----------------+---------+
| test1 | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 2015-01-08 18:21:05 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci |
NULL | | |
| test2 | MyISAM | 10 | Fixed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26740122787512319 |
1024 | 0 | NULL | 2015-01-08 18:35:47 | NULL | NULL | utf8_general_ci
| NULL | | |
+--------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-------------------+---------
-----+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------------
+----------+----------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
SET default_storage_engine= MYISAM;
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MYSQL TROUBLESHOOTING LOGS
As always logs are the best place to start troubleshooting MySQL has the following files:
• Error Log. - It contains information about errors that occur while the server is running (also server start and stop). If
mysqld notices a table that needs to be automatically checked or repaired, it writes a message to the error log. On some
operating systems it writes the stack trace if mysqld crashes.
• General Query Log. - This is a general record of what mysqld is doing (connect, disconnect, queries). It logs each
SQL statement received from clients and can be very useful when you suspect an error in a client and want to know
exactly what the client sent to mysqld. This log can grow quickly on a moderately busy server - so watch it carefully.
This can be enabled or disabled:
• Slow Query Log. – It is your first line of offense for tuning queries Ιt consists of "slow" SQL statements (as
indicated by its name). It logs SQL statements that took more than the parameter long_query_time in seconds and
required at least min_examined_row_limit rows to be examined. To disable or enable the slow query log, use the global
system variable slow_query_log. Set slow_query_log to 0 (or OFF) to disable the log or to 1 (or ON) to enable it.
OBTAINING EXECUTION PLAN INFORMATION
When you issue a query, the MySQL Query Optimizer tries to devise an optimal plan for query execution. The EXPLAIN
statement provides information about how MySQL executes statements. You can see information about the plan by prefixing
the query with EXPLAIN. EXPLAIN EXTENDED can be used to obtain additional execution plan information. As of
MySQL 5.7.3, the EXPLAIN statement is changed so that the effect of the EXTENDED keyword is always enabled.
The order of the tables given in the EXPLAIN output matters. Tables listed in the order that MySQL reads them while
processing and performing the nested-loop joins. MySQL reads a row from the first table, and then finds a matching row in
the second table, the third table, and so on. When all tables are processed, MySQL outputs the selected columns and
backtracks through the table list until a table is found for which there are more matching rows. The next row is read from this
table and the process continues with the next table.
If you detect that you have a problem with indexes not being used when you believe that they should be, run ANALYZE
TABLE to update table statistics, such as cardinality of keys, that can affect the choices the optimizer makes.
SET GLOBAL general_log = 'OFF';
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log
long_query_time = 10
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
mysql> explain extended select j1.c1 from j1, j2, j3 where j1.c1 = j2.c1 and j3.c1 = j1.c1;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | j1 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | |
| 1 | SIMPLE | j2 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 3 | Using where |
| 1 | SIMPLE | j3 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 4 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
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LOGICAL AND PHYSICAL BACKUPS
Backups are always important when managing data. MySQL has several ways to do a backup.
LOGICAL BACKUP
The first way is doing a logical backup; this will save the logical structure and the data content of our database. This type of
backup is suitable for small databases. A logical backup does not include log and/or configuration files or other database
related files. A very common tool is mysqldump, it will pull data out of the server, and write it down in logical format. One great
advantage of using mysqldump is that is machine independent.
PHYSICAL BACKUP
The backup consists of exact copies of database directories and files. Typically this is a copy of all or part of the MySQL data
directory, so it normally will contain log and/or configuration files or other database related files. One very common way to
do physical backups is through filesystem snapshot, but there is a database level lock that has to happen for these to be
consistent. The steps for this type of backup are below:
a) FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
b) Take the filesystem snapshot
c) UNLOCK TABLES;
You can also use MySQL Enterprise Backup, which is the “official” solution for hot backups of InnoDB tables, it will perform
warm backup for other storage engines.
[mysql@localhost Desktop]$ mysqldump -u pythian – p $pw --extended-insert=true --add-drop-database --
databases rene | gzip > /export/full_dump.gz
[root@localhost mysqlbackup ]# ./mysqlbackup --user=root -p --backup-dir=/home/admin/backups backup-and-
apply-log
...
140904 12:34:54 mysqlbackup: INFO: MEB logfile created at /home/admin/backups/meta/MEB_2014-09-04.12-34-
54_backup_apply_log.log
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Server Repository Options:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
datadir = /var/lib/mysql/
innodb_data_home_dir =
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /var/lib/mysql/
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
innodb_page_size = 16384
innodb_checksum_algorithm = innodb
innodb_undo_directory = /var/lib/mysql/
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 0
innodb_undo_logs = 128
…
innodb_undo_directory = /home/admin/backups/datadir
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 0
innodb_undo_logs = 128
mysqlbackup: INFO: Unique generated backup id for this is 14098484948398421
mysqlbackup: INFO: Creating 14 buffers each of size 16777216.
140904 12:34:57 mysqlbackup: INFO: Full Backup operation starts with following threads
140904 12:34:57 mysqlbackup: INFO: Starting to copy all innodb files...
…
140904 12:35:14 mysqlbackup: INFO: Apply-log operation completed successfully.
140904 12:35:14 mysqlbackup: INFO: Full backup prepared for recovery successfully.
mysqlbackup completed OK!
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MYSQL REPLICATION
MySQL supports many replication types. The way MySQL replication works is keeping track of all updates in log files (index
& binlog) on the Master (with log-bin enabled). The MySQL slave receives these binlog dumps and builds relay logs via I/O
thread. SQL thread applies all changes to the MySQL slave.
MASTER - MASTER (CIRCULAR)
Master - Master replication means MySQL servers (mysqld) on different hosts or same host with different port number (port)
setup with unique (server-id) and binlog (log-bin) enabled
MASTER - SLAVE (SINGLE - MULTI)
One of the most common replication styles that can be setup is with one master and multiple slaves. Master - Slave replication
means MySQL servers (mysqld) on different hosts or the same host with different port number (port) setup with unique
(server-id) and binlog (log-bin) enabled on Master.
MASTER - SLAVE - SLAVE (A-> B-> C->)
This type of MySQL replication is similar setup as master-slave replication and called chain replication. The only difference is
host B in the chain should have log_slave_updates (log-slave-updates) enabled on top of binlog (log-bin) variables. A (Master)
- > B (Master-Slave) -> C (Slave)
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REFERENCES
a) MySQL 5.6 Manual
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/
b) MySQL Architecture
https://thinkingmonster.wordpress.com/database/mysql/mysql-architecture/
c) A fast and furious guide to MySQL database engines
http://www.techrepublic.com/article/a-fast-and-furious-guide-to-mysql-database-engines/
d) MySQL Storage Engines
http://www.w3resource.com/mysql/mysql-storage-engines.php
e) Using EXPLAIN to Write Better MySQL Queries
http://www.sitepoint.com/using-explain-to-write-better-mysql-queries/
f) MySQL Enterprise Backup User's Guide
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-enterprise-backup/3.11/en/intro.html
g) Getting Started with MySQL - Ligaya Turmelle (Presentation)
h) Pythian Internal Documents