Turkey is a transcontinental country located in both Western Asia and Southeastern Europe. It has a population of over 76 million people and has been inhabited since paleolithic times, including by various ancient Anatolian civilizations. In the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire collapsed and the modern Republic of Turkey was established in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkey has a predominantly Turkish population and Istanbul is its largest city and economic center, while Ankara is its capital. Tourism is a major industry focused on historical sites and seaside resorts.

1. THE TURKISH REPUBLIC
 Turkey is a transcontinental country, located mostly
in Western Asia, and in Southeastern Europe.
 Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria and
Greece to the west; Georgia, Armenia, Iran
and Nakhchivan to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the
southeast.

3. HISTORY
 Turkey has been inhabited since the paleolithic age
including various Ancient Anatolian civilizations such
as the Trojans.

4.  It was also home to the Byzantine Empire.

5.  The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the
11th century. After the decline of the Byzantine, the
Ottomans ruled Anatolia and created a powerful
empire.

6.  The empire lived 623 years.
 Here are some photos of the Ottoman signs in
Istanbul.
The Topkapı Palace

10.  After the Ottoman Empire collapsed following its
defeat in World War I,The Turkish War of
Independence was initiated by Mustafa Kemal
Atatürk and his colleagues.
 It resulted in the establishment of the modern
Republic of Turkey in 1923, with Atatürk as its first
president .
 He is referred as the father of Turks.
 He modernized the young country with his reforms
and revolutions.

12. Ankara is the capital of Turkey since the empire's fall in 1923 and the
country's second largest city.

13.  Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, constituting the
country's economic, cultural, and historical heart.

14. Turkey has a total population of 76 million, with half of that
under the age of 30.
 This photo is from the Istiklal Street which is most crowded
place in Turkey.

15.  The country's official language is Turkish.
 Turks constitute 75% of the population. Kurds (18%)
and others (7–12%)
 Turkey began full membership negotiations with
the European Union in 2005.
 Abdullah Gül is the president.
 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is the prime minister.

16. Climate
The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Aegean Sea and
the Mediterranean Sea have a temperate Mediterranean climate,
with hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters.

17.  Winters on the eastern part of the counrty are especially severe.
Temperatures of −30 to −40 °C can occur in eastern Anatolia.
Snow may remain at least 120 days of the year.
 Summers are hot and dry, with temperatures often above 30 °C

18. Economy
 Turkey is one of the world's newly industrialized
countries.
 The country is among the world's leading producers of
agricultural products; textiles; motor vehicles, ships
and other transportation equipment; construction
materials; consumer electronics and home appliances.

19. Education
 Education is governed by a national system.
 Primary and secondary education is financed by
the state and free of charge in public schools,
between the ages of 6 and 18.
 Primary and high school education are
mandatory.
 After the national university entrance
examination students, if they succeed, continue
with their studies at a university.

21. Tourism
 Tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of
historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean
and Mediterranean Sea coasts.
 In the recent years, Turkey has also become a popular
destination for culture, spa, and health care tourism.
 In 2011, Turkey attracted more than 31.5 million foreign
tourists, ranking as the 6th most popular tourist
destination in the world and the number rises every
year.

22. Year Arrivals
1998 9,750,000
1999 7,460,000
2000 8,000,000
2001 10,400,000
2002 12,800,000
2003 13,300,000
2004 16,800,000
2005 21,200,000
2006 18,500,000
2007 23,340,911
2008 26,336,677
2009 27,077,114
2010 28,632,204
2011 31,456,076
Country Number (2012)
Germany 5.0 million
Russia 3.5 million
United Kingdom 2.4 million
Bulgaria 1.5 million
Georgia 1.4 million
Netherlands 1.2 million
Iran 1.1 million
France 1.0 million
United States 0.8 million
Syria 0.7 million

23. Ephesus theatre

24. Ephesus

26. Aspendos Theatre

27. The temple of Apollo

28. Rumelian Castle in Istanbul

29. The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul is one of the oldest closed
bazaars in the world.

30. Another view inside of it

31. A hotel in Antalya

32. Cappodocia

33. The statues of the kings in Nemrut Mountain

34. It is believed to be the place where the prophet Abraham
was put into fire in Şanlıurfa

35. The Sümela Monastery

36. Sport
 Among all sports in Turkey, the most popular one is football.
 Turkey's top teams are Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray
and Beşiktaş.
 In 2000, Galatasaray won the UEFA Cup and UEFA Super
Cup.
 Other mainstream sports such as basketball and volleyball
are also popular.
 Anadolu Efes S.K is one of the successful basketball teams in
Europe.

37.  Athletics is another fast improving sport. Süreyya
Ayhan set the 1500m world record in 2003.

39. Different types of houses in Turkey