Music has been used medicinally for thousands of years across many ancient cultures. The Chinese character for medicine is derived from the character for music. Neurological music therapy is the therapeutic application of music to treat cognitive, sensory, and motor dysfunctions caused by nervous system diseases and injuries. It utilizes techniques grounded in neuroscience research to target non-musical goals. Studies show music can reduce pain, boost learning and memory, benefit brain injury recovery, and improve symptoms of conditions like Alzheimer's, autism, schizophrenia, and depression by influencing brain chemistry and structure.
The document summarizes an experiment that tested the effect of different music genres on memory. Sixteen-year-old male subjects listened to classical, electronic, rock, pop, rap, and metal music or no music while memorizing and recalling word lists. The results showed that classical music had the highest average recalled words, followed by electronic and rock. Pop, rap and metal scored lower than the no music control. While some genres like classical aided memory, others like pop and rap hindered it compared to silence. The experiment took a long time with few subjects, so improving it with simultaneous tests and more participants could provide more definitive results.
The PsychFutures Research Maps provide summaries and links to resources on various psychology topics to help inspire research projects. The topics covered include love, sport, and torture. The full list of maps can be accessed on their website.
Studies show that music of all genres can have a great impact on both the physical and psychological aspects of the human body, in addition to that of plants and animals.
This article was written the most accurate possible. The references used are very trustworthy. The information could be used for a presentation or a free-topic-essay job. It is understandable and very detailed. Have fun learning!
For those interested in the video, go to: https://youtu.be/wPkuUPOk6kQ and there you'll see it.
Music has been shown to enhance learning and have relaxing effects. Studies have found that music with at least 60 beats per minute activates both sides of the brain, aiding brain development in infants and children. Students who play a musical instrument are also more likely to succeed academically due to increased brain activity. Different music genres can help relax the body by slowing the heart rate and breathing rate, but may also increase blood pressure and heart rate depending on the music's energy. Listening to music more often could help reduce needs for anti-stress treatments.
The document discusses the effects of Indian classical music on the human mind and behavior. It describes how sound is processed by the brain, with vibrations traveling from the ear drum to the cochlea, generating nerve impulses. The brain's right hemisphere is activated by melodies with varied pitch and timbre, while the left hemisphere processes notation and sequences. Classical music influences emotions and can stimulate different parts of the brain associated with moods like romantic, erotic, or peaceful. Music therapy uses music to accomplish therapeutic goals by facilitating emotional expression and social engagement. The document examines how classical music impacts cognition, memory, and mood.
The document discusses several health benefits of listening to music. Music can make exercise more enjoyable by motivating movement to match the tempo and distracting from boredom. It affects the body by causing blood vessel expansion with enjoyable music and constriction with anxious music. Listening to familiar, enjoyable music can reduce stress and pain by releasing endorphins. Music can also aid in cognitive recovery for stroke victims by triggering brain areas, and improve brain function by enhancing concentration and literacy when playing an instrument.
Lively nontechnical discussion of how the gift of music can have positive effects on health and disease. Music as a part of the health care culture is discussed from the prehistoric era to present day
The document summarizes an experiment that tested the effect of different music genres on memory. Sixteen-year-old male subjects listened to classical, electronic, rock, pop, rap, and metal music or no music while memorizing and recalling word lists. The results showed that classical music had the highest average recalled words, followed by electronic and rock. Pop, rap and metal scored lower than the no music control. While some genres like classical aided memory, others like pop and rap hindered it compared to silence. The experiment took a long time with few subjects, so improving it with simultaneous tests and more participants could provide more definitive results.
The PsychFutures Research Maps provide summaries and links to resources on various psychology topics to help inspire research projects. The topics covered include love, sport, and torture. The full list of maps can be accessed on their website.
Studies show that music of all genres can have a great impact on both the physical and psychological aspects of the human body, in addition to that of plants and animals.
This article was written the most accurate possible. The references used are very trustworthy. The information could be used for a presentation or a free-topic-essay job. It is understandable and very detailed. Have fun learning!
For those interested in the video, go to: https://youtu.be/wPkuUPOk6kQ and there you'll see it.
Music has been shown to enhance learning and have relaxing effects. Studies have found that music with at least 60 beats per minute activates both sides of the brain, aiding brain development in infants and children. Students who play a musical instrument are also more likely to succeed academically due to increased brain activity. Different music genres can help relax the body by slowing the heart rate and breathing rate, but may also increase blood pressure and heart rate depending on the music's energy. Listening to music more often could help reduce needs for anti-stress treatments.
The document discusses the effects of Indian classical music on the human mind and behavior. It describes how sound is processed by the brain, with vibrations traveling from the ear drum to the cochlea, generating nerve impulses. The brain's right hemisphere is activated by melodies with varied pitch and timbre, while the left hemisphere processes notation and sequences. Classical music influences emotions and can stimulate different parts of the brain associated with moods like romantic, erotic, or peaceful. Music therapy uses music to accomplish therapeutic goals by facilitating emotional expression and social engagement. The document examines how classical music impacts cognition, memory, and mood.
The document discusses several health benefits of listening to music. Music can make exercise more enjoyable by motivating movement to match the tempo and distracting from boredom. It affects the body by causing blood vessel expansion with enjoyable music and constriction with anxious music. Listening to familiar, enjoyable music can reduce stress and pain by releasing endorphins. Music can also aid in cognitive recovery for stroke victims by triggering brain areas, and improve brain function by enhancing concentration and literacy when playing an instrument.
Lively nontechnical discussion of how the gift of music can have positive effects on health and disease. Music as a part of the health care culture is discussed from the prehistoric era to present day
Music is a miracle that has the power to inspire people, change their emotions and thinking, and even influence their destiny. It can become people's best friend by being there for them during both happy and sad moments without fail. Different music styles reflect the characteristics of the listener, and many find answers or sense in the lyrics. If people truly listen to music, it can stay with them forever and change their lives as well.
Music provided an emotional outlet for the author to grieve over their father's unexpected death. While the author felt empty and unable to express their inner emotions, listening to music transported them to a place where they could release the deep feelings of anger, loss and torment buried within. As their father had been a lifelong musician, music provided a connection and way for the author to honor his memory during this difficult time.
Music psychology aims to explain and understand musical behavior and experience through empirical study. Studies have found music can affect people physically and psychologically as well as animals and plants. Research shows music lessons are linked to higher intelligence test scores and memory in children. Music has also been shown to reduce pain and benefit autistic students and plant health. Music psychologists investigate all aspects of musical behavior using psychological methods.
The document provides an overview of music therapy, including its goals and approaches. Fundamentally, music therapy aims to develop a therapeutic relationship between client and therapist through musical engagement like playing, singing, and listening. The therapist facilitates positive behavioral and emotional changes by responding musically to support the client's self-expression and increased self-awareness. Music therapy can be delivered in individual or group sessions and uses a variety of styles to meet individual client needs.
Music is important for everyone's life. Hear music and live your life in melodious way. Visit the website to hear wonderful music. http://djinchennai.in/
1. Music activates many areas of the brain including the auditory cortices, memory centers, cerebellum, frontal lobe, and motor/sensory cortex.
2. Playing music develops strong connections between the left and right brain and increases the size of the auditory and motor cortex.
3. While music involves both hemispheres, more activity occurs in the right side which is associated with creativity, while language processing is left-lateralized.
4. Music stimulates emotional centers of the brain like the amygdala and brain stem and helps regulate functions like heart rate, breathing, and digestion.
Music is the art of expressing yourself through sound. It uses elements of sound, art, and expression. Sound refers to the basic musical tones. Art involves how those sounds are structured through melody, harmony, and rhythm. Expression is how ideas, feelings, and moods are conveyed. Music notation represents these musical elements symbolically on a staff to communicate musical works.
Music has powerful effects on people in many ways. It provides entertainment but also influences us physically, mentally, and emotionally. Music can relax the body and distract from stress, and different genres like classical or jazz music are commonly used for this purpose. Music also strongly impacts our emotions, as seen in how movie scores cue us into the feelings of different scenes. Additionally, music has healing properties and the influence of sacred music can bring peace of mind and purify the spirit.
Presentation given at The First Music & Medicine Conference of the Cincinnati Music & Wellness Coalition. Defines music therapy, reviews recent research in Music Medicine, and describes music therapy program at general hospital.
This document discusses different methodological issues related to studying the relationship between music and emotions. It distinguishes between perceived emotions, which are emotions represented by and perceived in music, and felt emotions, which are induced in the listener. Measuring perceived emotions is more straightforward using methods like self-reports and ratings scales, while felt emotions are more subjective and difficult to study. The document also discusses approaches that examine the expression of emotions in musical performances and questions for further discussion on this topic.
This document discusses what music is and why it is important. It defines music as vocal or instrumental sounds combined to produce beauty, harmony, and emotion. Music is a part of every culture and gives people pleasure by cheering them up, exciting them, or soothing them. The document also discusses rhythm, lyrics, who invented music, the benefits of listening to music, and why music is important to people and their activities.
Music influences our moods, behaviors, and relationships in many ways. It can influence our emotions, inspire action or help, and even impact romance. Music comes in many genres from classical to folk to modern styles and can influence people physically and mentally. Some musicians like Einstein and Plato were greatly influenced by music in their work. While music has many benefits, it can also potentially promote unhealthy behaviors if the lyrics glorify drugs, alcohol, or violence. Overall, music plays a large role in our daily lives and the lives of musicians.
Music therapy involves using music to accomplish individualized goals such as reducing stress and improving mood. It began in the 1940s and uses four main methods - receptive listening, re-creative activities like singing, improvisation, and composition. Music therapy can have mental, physical, and emotional benefits such as lowering blood pressure, improving communication, and managing pain. It is an evidence-based therapy that is growing in importance for treating conditions like depression and anxiety.
1. Listening to music activates different regions of the brain involved in hearing, movement, attention, language, emotion, and memory. It engages multiple parts of the brain helping them work together.
2. Functional MRI shows that familiar music lights up various areas of the brain including the temporal lobe, cerebellum, amygdala, and hippocampus.
3. New research has revealed how different musical features activate emotional, motor, and creative areas of the brain. Music stimulates the brain in ways that can benefit healthy aging.
The document discusses different types of music and their suitability for learning situations. It covers Western classical music from the Medieval to Late Romantic eras. It also discusses theatrical soundtracks, twentieth century music genres like rap, rock, and country, and new age music. The conclusion recommends choosing background music that maintains a constant tempo and volume to enhance the learning environment without introducing unwanted ideas or emotions.
The document discusses several ways that music impacts the human body and mind. It notes that music can reduce stress, improve mood, provide motivation, and enhance memory and language skills. Specific benefits mentioned include music's ability to relax the mind and body, change one's mood depending on the genre of music, act as a distraction from negativity, and trigger emotional memories from songs associated with past experiences. Movies are also discussed, with the document stating that background music in films can indicate to the viewer what will happen in a scene based on whether the music has a sad or joyful tone.
A importância da música no desenvolvimento infantil finalellendenisedutra
O documento discute a importância da música no desenvolvimento infantil. Apresenta como a musicalização estimula a criatividade, concentração, memória e outras habilidades nas crianças. Também descreve como brincadeiras musicais e cantigas populares contribuem para o aprendizado, desenvolvimento motor e socialização das crianças.
Musical memory
connection between music and the memory
effects of music
music vs silence
conclusion
nervous disorders
1.types
2.treatment with music
music therapy
Dementia
Advantages
Disadvantages
Music is planned and organized sound that occurs over a specified period of time, represented through symbols on the musical staff. The staff contains five horizontal lines and four spaces, with a clef sign at the beginning to indicate pitch. A key signature uses sharps or flats to indicate the key, reducing the need to notate these accidentals with each note. Bar lines and the time signature help establish the beat and rhythm that gives music its steady pulse.
Pop music originated in the 1950s from rock and roll. Some of the most well known early pop artists were Elvis Presley, The Beatles, and Michael Jackson. In the 1960s, The Beatles dominated pop music. Disco became popular in the 1970s along with artists like Abba and Jackson 5. Michael Jackson's "Thriller" album was a landmark release in the 1980s. The 1990s saw the rise of boy bands and artists like Britney Spears. In the 2000s, American Idol increased TV's impact on pop music artists like Eminem and Coldplay rose to fame. Common instruments in pop music include guitar, piano, drums, and vocals.
Effects and Corporal Responses to Music Exposure and their Possible Use in Me...CarlosJCabello
My secondary-literature based thesis regarding the positive effects that music exposure has in our bodies, and how it can be applied into new medical therapies and techniques.
Music is a miracle that has the power to inspire people, change their emotions and thinking, and even influence their destiny. It can become people's best friend by being there for them during both happy and sad moments without fail. Different music styles reflect the characteristics of the listener, and many find answers or sense in the lyrics. If people truly listen to music, it can stay with them forever and change their lives as well.
Music provided an emotional outlet for the author to grieve over their father's unexpected death. While the author felt empty and unable to express their inner emotions, listening to music transported them to a place where they could release the deep feelings of anger, loss and torment buried within. As their father had been a lifelong musician, music provided a connection and way for the author to honor his memory during this difficult time.
Music psychology aims to explain and understand musical behavior and experience through empirical study. Studies have found music can affect people physically and psychologically as well as animals and plants. Research shows music lessons are linked to higher intelligence test scores and memory in children. Music has also been shown to reduce pain and benefit autistic students and plant health. Music psychologists investigate all aspects of musical behavior using psychological methods.
The document provides an overview of music therapy, including its goals and approaches. Fundamentally, music therapy aims to develop a therapeutic relationship between client and therapist through musical engagement like playing, singing, and listening. The therapist facilitates positive behavioral and emotional changes by responding musically to support the client's self-expression and increased self-awareness. Music therapy can be delivered in individual or group sessions and uses a variety of styles to meet individual client needs.
Music is important for everyone's life. Hear music and live your life in melodious way. Visit the website to hear wonderful music. http://djinchennai.in/
1. Music activates many areas of the brain including the auditory cortices, memory centers, cerebellum, frontal lobe, and motor/sensory cortex.
2. Playing music develops strong connections between the left and right brain and increases the size of the auditory and motor cortex.
3. While music involves both hemispheres, more activity occurs in the right side which is associated with creativity, while language processing is left-lateralized.
4. Music stimulates emotional centers of the brain like the amygdala and brain stem and helps regulate functions like heart rate, breathing, and digestion.
Music is the art of expressing yourself through sound. It uses elements of sound, art, and expression. Sound refers to the basic musical tones. Art involves how those sounds are structured through melody, harmony, and rhythm. Expression is how ideas, feelings, and moods are conveyed. Music notation represents these musical elements symbolically on a staff to communicate musical works.
Music has powerful effects on people in many ways. It provides entertainment but also influences us physically, mentally, and emotionally. Music can relax the body and distract from stress, and different genres like classical or jazz music are commonly used for this purpose. Music also strongly impacts our emotions, as seen in how movie scores cue us into the feelings of different scenes. Additionally, music has healing properties and the influence of sacred music can bring peace of mind and purify the spirit.
Presentation given at The First Music & Medicine Conference of the Cincinnati Music & Wellness Coalition. Defines music therapy, reviews recent research in Music Medicine, and describes music therapy program at general hospital.
This document discusses different methodological issues related to studying the relationship between music and emotions. It distinguishes between perceived emotions, which are emotions represented by and perceived in music, and felt emotions, which are induced in the listener. Measuring perceived emotions is more straightforward using methods like self-reports and ratings scales, while felt emotions are more subjective and difficult to study. The document also discusses approaches that examine the expression of emotions in musical performances and questions for further discussion on this topic.
This document discusses what music is and why it is important. It defines music as vocal or instrumental sounds combined to produce beauty, harmony, and emotion. Music is a part of every culture and gives people pleasure by cheering them up, exciting them, or soothing them. The document also discusses rhythm, lyrics, who invented music, the benefits of listening to music, and why music is important to people and their activities.
Music influences our moods, behaviors, and relationships in many ways. It can influence our emotions, inspire action or help, and even impact romance. Music comes in many genres from classical to folk to modern styles and can influence people physically and mentally. Some musicians like Einstein and Plato were greatly influenced by music in their work. While music has many benefits, it can also potentially promote unhealthy behaviors if the lyrics glorify drugs, alcohol, or violence. Overall, music plays a large role in our daily lives and the lives of musicians.
Music therapy involves using music to accomplish individualized goals such as reducing stress and improving mood. It began in the 1940s and uses four main methods - receptive listening, re-creative activities like singing, improvisation, and composition. Music therapy can have mental, physical, and emotional benefits such as lowering blood pressure, improving communication, and managing pain. It is an evidence-based therapy that is growing in importance for treating conditions like depression and anxiety.
1. Listening to music activates different regions of the brain involved in hearing, movement, attention, language, emotion, and memory. It engages multiple parts of the brain helping them work together.
2. Functional MRI shows that familiar music lights up various areas of the brain including the temporal lobe, cerebellum, amygdala, and hippocampus.
3. New research has revealed how different musical features activate emotional, motor, and creative areas of the brain. Music stimulates the brain in ways that can benefit healthy aging.
The document discusses different types of music and their suitability for learning situations. It covers Western classical music from the Medieval to Late Romantic eras. It also discusses theatrical soundtracks, twentieth century music genres like rap, rock, and country, and new age music. The conclusion recommends choosing background music that maintains a constant tempo and volume to enhance the learning environment without introducing unwanted ideas or emotions.
The document discusses several ways that music impacts the human body and mind. It notes that music can reduce stress, improve mood, provide motivation, and enhance memory and language skills. Specific benefits mentioned include music's ability to relax the mind and body, change one's mood depending on the genre of music, act as a distraction from negativity, and trigger emotional memories from songs associated with past experiences. Movies are also discussed, with the document stating that background music in films can indicate to the viewer what will happen in a scene based on whether the music has a sad or joyful tone.
A importância da música no desenvolvimento infantil finalellendenisedutra
O documento discute a importância da música no desenvolvimento infantil. Apresenta como a musicalização estimula a criatividade, concentração, memória e outras habilidades nas crianças. Também descreve como brincadeiras musicais e cantigas populares contribuem para o aprendizado, desenvolvimento motor e socialização das crianças.
Musical memory
connection between music and the memory
effects of music
music vs silence
conclusion
nervous disorders
1.types
2.treatment with music
music therapy
Dementia
Advantages
Disadvantages
Music is planned and organized sound that occurs over a specified period of time, represented through symbols on the musical staff. The staff contains five horizontal lines and four spaces, with a clef sign at the beginning to indicate pitch. A key signature uses sharps or flats to indicate the key, reducing the need to notate these accidentals with each note. Bar lines and the time signature help establish the beat and rhythm that gives music its steady pulse.
Pop music originated in the 1950s from rock and roll. Some of the most well known early pop artists were Elvis Presley, The Beatles, and Michael Jackson. In the 1960s, The Beatles dominated pop music. Disco became popular in the 1970s along with artists like Abba and Jackson 5. Michael Jackson's "Thriller" album was a landmark release in the 1980s. The 1990s saw the rise of boy bands and artists like Britney Spears. In the 2000s, American Idol increased TV's impact on pop music artists like Eminem and Coldplay rose to fame. Common instruments in pop music include guitar, piano, drums, and vocals.
Effects and Corporal Responses to Music Exposure and their Possible Use in Me...CarlosJCabello
My secondary-literature based thesis regarding the positive effects that music exposure has in our bodies, and how it can be applied into new medical therapies and techniques.
This document discusses how music therapy can benefit various medical conditions by activating and changing the brain. It explains that music activates areas of the brain involved in other functions like language, memory, and motor control. Studies have shown that melodic intonation therapy can help stroke victims regain speech by tapping the undamaged right side of the brain. The therapy also improves mood and motivation, allowing faster recovery. Music therapy is effective for psychiatric issues, developmental problems, and movement disorders like Parkinson's disease by using rhythm to improve coordination. It can also help prevent memory decline in Alzheimer's patients.
1) The document discusses how music affects the brain through influencing behavior, being therapeutic, and helping the mind process information more efficiently.
2) Studies have shown that music can help patients heal from disease or stroke, and that it stimulates more parts of the brain than any other human function.
3) The human brain processes music through both hemispheres working together, and music has been shown to reduce stress, aid relaxation, and help store and recall information.
Neural Substrates of Music Learning and EmotionsPsyche Loui
Neural Substrates of Music Learning and Emotions | Slides from my talk at The Origins of Music and Human Society, a Conference by Institute of Advanced Study in Toulouse and Royaumont Foundation at Royaumont Abbey, France | December 16, 2017
The Influence of Binaural Meditative Sounds on Menses-Prosex Processesijtsrd
This document discusses the influence of meditative binaural sounds on academic performance. It summarizes a study that found binaural sounds inhibit concentration, learning ability, and endurance while facilitating visual memory formation during deep meditation. The document also provides background on brain waves, how different frequencies can stimulate brain areas, and the neurohormonal effects of music on the body.
This document discusses the cognitive benefits of music education for children based on recent neuroscience research. It summarizes research finding that music education improves children's speech and reading skills, attention span, and empathy. The document interviews Dr. Sylvain Moreno, who conducted studies finding that children who received music lessons showed improved test scores in areas like IQ, language abilities, and attention after only 20 days, with over 90% of children improving. The research demonstrates that music education has wide-ranging benefits for children's cognitive, social and emotional development.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Music education provides numerous cognitive benefits. It improves brain functioning in areas like language processing, communication skills, and focus/attention. Studies show that musical training is associated with higher test scores in reading, math, and other subjects. Music stimulates multiple areas of the brain at once, strengthening connections and allowing the brain to adapt. These cognitive enhancements from music education demonstrate that it should be part of core public school curriculum.
1) The document discusses research on how different types of music (classical vs. lyrical) may influence short-term memory retention. It reviews studies showing that classical music may enhance memory while lyrical music with words could distract from memory tasks.
2) The rationale for the study is to determine if classical and lyrical music have different effects on short-term memory. Several hypotheses are presented, such as classical music enhancing memory while lyrical music reduces it.
3) The literature review summarizes past research, with some studies finding benefits of classical music on spatial skills and memory, while lyrical music was shown to potentially distract from memory tasks.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Susannah Richards on using music in the classroom. The presentation covered topics such as:
- Research linking music and cognition, including the impact of musical training on brain development and nonmusical skills
- Strategies for incorporating music into the classroom, including the use of rhythm, pitch, and music activities to support language literacy
- Research on the effects of background music on learning, with some studies finding it can enhance engagement and cognition while others found it can decrease focus
- Specific music strategies and activities were provided as examples, such as rhythm games, homemade instruments, pairing music with stories and poems, and suggestions for calming background music
This document discusses the benefits of incorporating music in the classroom. It explores topics like the Mozart Effect, which found that listening to Mozart's music can temporarily boost spatial reasoning. Music is also shown to help with classroom management by keeping students engaged and reducing disruptions. A study found that playing calming background music in a classroom decreased behavior problems in students with emotional/behavioral difficulties. The document argues that music should be used more in classrooms as it can aid learning and academic achievement in many ways.
Music therapy uses music to accomplish therapeutic goals. It works through physiological responses to music in the brain and body. The brain is wired to respond to music from a very early age. Music taps into emotions, memory, attention, learning, social bonding and other cognitive processes. It is a predictable, structured experience that people generally enjoy. An fMRI study found that dynamic, expressive musical performances activated brain areas related to emotion, reward and motor synchronization more than mechanical performances. The insular cortex is involved in many functions like interoception, emotion processing, and homeostasis regulation.
Eduardo Coutinho - Psychoacoustic cues to emotion in speech prosody and musicswissnex San Francisco
- Listeners can perceive emotional meaning in both music and speech based on acoustic features like tempo, pitch, timbre, and loudness.
- Computational models using recurrent neural networks can successfully predict listeners' continuous ratings of emotion in music and speech from psychoacoustic features alone, with an accuracy around 65%.
- The models are able to generalize and perceive emotion in both familiar and unfamiliar musical genres, suggesting emotions may be communicated universally through acoustic profiles.
A Neuroscientific Perspective On Music TherapyTracy Hill
Music therapy can positively impact psychological and physiological health through several factors. It can modulate attention by distracting from negative stimuli, regulate emotions by activating brain regions involved in emotion processing, influence cognition through effects on memory and music comprehension, shape behaviors by conditioning motor patterns to music, and facilitate communication via active music making. Neuroscientific studies demonstrate how music engages brain networks related to emotion, perception-action, and social cognition in ways that support its therapeutic applications.
This study examined the effect of different music genres on heart rate variability. 14 students listened to 5 minutes of either classical or heavy metal music on separate days while heart rate was measured before and after. The classical music was expected to lower heart rate more due to its gradual rhythm compared to the rapid rhythm of heavy metal. The results supported this, as classical lowered average heart rate more (3.0 bpm) than heavy metal (0.79 bpm). However, statistical analysis found the effect of genre on heart rate was insignificant. Larger and more varied samples may be needed to fully validate the hypothesis.
Music has been linked to positive outcomes in learning environments. It has effects on the human mind, body and language. Studies have shown that music training before age seven is correlated with greater brain growth and improvements in speech and math skills. However, not all music genres have favorable effects and music can be distracting if it is too loud or jarring. While relaxing music has been shown to improve performance on calculation and memory tasks in children, pop music can serve as a distraction, especially for shy personalities. The health benefits of music include pain relief, reduced blood pressure, boosted immunity, and reduced stress levels. Therefore, schools and hospitals should explore more opportunities to utilize the benefits of music therapy.
Due to the lack of proper time management and works that B.Ed students face it is necessary to reduce their stress and increase the concentration among them which will help them to be more productive, music plays a major role in stress release.
This assignment explores music as a means of therapy for people living with dementia. Looking at the neurophysiological side of the disease, music therapy could be utilised as a way of changing behaviour that could be labelled as disruptive or unacceptable to the rest of society. Considering the important role that music plays in the lives of many people, cultures and societies and the need of people living with dementia to connect, engage, grow and flourish, music can and should play a much larger role in creating a life worth living for people with dementia. Music should be made part of the person-centred approach to care and not be simply used to entertain, distract or to blur out background sounds. The difficulty of capturing the true emotional spectrum of what music can do for and to the human soul is clear in the research. The practical implementation of music in the care setting should be carefully considered to take into consideration the individuality of each person living with dementia, as well as those who care for them.
Bell's Palsy is an acute unilateral facial nerve paralysis that presents with weakness or paralysis of the muscles of facial expression. The most common cause is believed to be Herpes simplex virus infection of the facial nerve. Treatment involves oral corticosteroids combined with antiviral therapy if HSV or VZV infection is suspected. Prognosis is generally good, with most patients recovering, but complications can include synkinesis, hemifacial spasm, and gustatory lacrimation.
This document discusses various abnormal facial movements and neurological conditions:
1) Tardive dyskinesia, tics, Tourette's syndrome, hemifacial spasm, craniofacial tremor, oromandibular dystonia, and facial myokymia are summarized along with their characteristic presentations and treatments.
2) Oculomasticatory myorhythmia, a rare symptom of Whipple's disease characterized by eye and jaw muscle contractions, is described in one patient.
3) Faciobrachial dystonic seizures associated with LGI1 encephalitis and "chapeau de gendarme" seen in frontal lobe seizures are also summarized.
This document discusses disorders of the hypoglossal nerve, which innervates the tongue muscles. It describes the anatomy of the nerve and its motor function. Lesions of the hypoglossal nerve cause the tongue to deviate to the opposite side due to the dominance of the genioglossus muscle. Various pathologies that can affect the hypoglossal nerve are presented, including medial medullary syndrome, which involves tongue deviation along with other neurological deficits. Tongue fasciculations are also discussed as they can indicate lower motor neuron diseases like ALS. The differential diagnosis and proper technique for recording fasciculations on EMG are outlined.
The document discusses differential diagnosis for Parkinson's disease and similar conditions, noting that Parkinson's is asymmetrical and improves with dopamine replacement, while conditions like multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy present with symptoms like early falls, ataxia, and eye movement abnormalities. Imaging tests like DaT scans and MRI can help distinguish between these conditions based on patterns of radiotracer uptake or signs of atrophy in specific brain regions.
A discussion of the neurological and pathophysiological basis of auditory hallucinations including musical hallucinations, tinnitus and psychotic hallucinations.
This document discusses the neurological aspects of music and musicians. It begins by defining musical elements like rhythm, pitch, harmony, and timbre. It then discusses topics like hearing loss in musicians, musician's dystonia, musical hallucinations, synesthesia, amusia, and the benefits of music therapy for conditions like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia. It also provides brief biographies of musicians like George Gershwin, Maurice Ravel, Bud Powell, and Charles Mingus who experienced neurological conditions. Finally, it discusses the cognitive and health benefits of music for people in general.
This document discusses various types of visual hallucinations and their potential causes. It begins by describing visual hallucinations that can occur in normal people due to perception and expectation. It then discusses differential diagnoses for recurrent complex visual hallucinations, including medications, medical conditions, and neurological disorders. Specific disorders covered in more detail include peduncular hallucinosis, migraine aura, persistent migraine aura, visual snow, occipital lobe epilepsy, posterior cerebral artery ischemia, and Charles Bonnet syndrome.
This document discusses eye alignment and extraocular muscles. It describes how telecanthus is associated with several genetic disorders. It then defines the six extraocular muscles and their functions, including the medial and lateral rectus muscles that control adduction and abduction. Mnemonics like "SIN" and "RAD" are presented to help remember the functions of the superior, inferior, and rectus muscles. Convergence is defined as bilateral contraction of the medial rectus muscles along with pupillary constriction and lens accommodation.
1. There are many types of neurological gait disorders that can arise from damage or dysfunction in different parts of the brain or nervous system.
2. Hemiplegic gait results from weakness on one side of the body, like after a stroke, causing the affected leg to drag and circumduct during walking.
3. Parkinsonian gait is slow, stiff, and shuffling, with loss of arm swing and difficulty initiating movement.
This document discusses several forgotten reflex tests including:
- The ciliospinal reflex which evaluates C8-T2 nerve roots and sympathetic outflow.
- The pectoral reflex which assesses C5/6 and C7/8 nerve roots via percussion of the deltopectoral groove. Hyperactivity correlates with cord lesions at C2/C3 and C3/C4.
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This document discusses various types of central nystagmus and vertigo, including their distinguishing characteristics and potential causes. Central positional vertigo can be caused by lesions in the cerebellum. Direction changing nystagmus suggests a problem holding gaze due to cerebellar or brainstem issues. Upbeating or downbeating vertical nystagmus localize to specific areas of the cerebellum or brainstem. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is associated with multiple sclerosis. Rebound nystagmus indicates brainstem or cerebellar disease.
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
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Music as medicine 110118
1. MUSIC AS MEDICINE
OR
“LISTEN TO TWO JAZZ RIFFS
AND CALL ME IN THE MORNING”
Randy M Rosenberg MD FAAN FACP
Associate Professor of Neurology
Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
Principle Flutist of the Warminster Symphony
4. OLDEST MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS IN
THE WORLD
Age: 7,000 – 9,000 years old
Country of Origin: Jiahu, Yellow River
Valley, China
Material(s) Used: Red-Crown Crane wing
bones
Age: 42,000 – 43,000 years old
Country of Origin: Geisenklösterle Cave,
Blaubeuren, Germany
Material(s) Used: Mute Swan bone and
Mammoth Ivory
Geisenklösterle
Flute
Jiahu Flutes
5. THE ANCIENTS AND MUSICAL RELIEF
• Egyptian papyri, over 2,600 years old, refer to incantations as cures for
infertility and rheumatic pain.
• In the Bible, David played the harp to lift Saul’s depression (1000-600 BC)
• 1 Samuel 16:16 (NKJV) Let our master now command your servants, who are
before you, to seek out a man who is a skillful player on the harp (probably
lyre). And it shall be that he will play it with his hand when the distressing spirit
from God is upon you, and you shall be well.
• The ancient Greeks (800-600 BC) believed music had the power to heal the
body and soul. They used the flute and the lyre for gout and sciatica.
• Paeans were a classification of ancient Greek songs that cured specific illnesses.
For example, when the plague hit ancient Greece, they played a specific song
with the frequencies and rhythmic patterns thought to halt the illness.
8. “THE BEAT”: A CRITICAL PART OF MUSICAL
RHYTHM
What allows to do snap your
fingers, tap your foot and
DANCE!
Every culture has music with a
beat
Ancient-throughout history
Very early part of the human
machinery
Perception of the beat ties to
motor systems
9. BEAT BASED PROCESSING TIES IN
WITH LANGUAGE
Accurate perception of temporal patterns is crucial to
hearing, speech, motor control, and music.
Beat perceptions requires:
Predictability
Flexibility
Man is the only primate that can process the beat…with
exceptions
Beat processing is tied into a specialized network that
includes motor activity including the movement in speech
Therefore beat processing and the neural connections
allow us to be vocal learners with which we acquire
language
11. RHYTHM: AS A POTENT TRIGGER
FOR MUSICAL MEMORY
Queen: We Will Rock You
Michael Jackson: Billie Jean
Benny Goodman: Sing Sing Sing
The Knack: My Sharonna
Pink Floyd: Money
13. THE ”MOZART EFFECT”
Rauscher et al. reported that listening
to ten minutes of Mozart’s music
briefly increased the abstract
reasoning ability of college students
The effect is limited to spatial–
temporal tasks involving mental
imagery and temporal ordering.
(predicting paper shapes)
In 2010 a larger meta-analysis of a
greater number of studies again
found a positive effect, but that other
kinds of music worked just as well but
only if you enjoy it.
In 1998 Zell Miller, the Governor of
the state of Georgia, asked for
money to be set aside in the state
budget so that every newborn
baby could be sent a CD of
classical music.
ThanksZell!!
14. DOES LISTENING TO PREFERRED MUSIC IMPROVE
READING COMPREHENSION PERFORMANCE?
Students who revised study material in quiet environments performed
more than 60% better in an exam than their peers who studied while
listening to music that had lyrics.
Students who revised classwork while listening to music without lyrics did
better on later testing than those who had revised to music with lyrics.
It made no difference if students review or revised classwork and notes
while listening to songs they liked or disliked. Both led to a reduction in
their test performance.
Students who revised or did homework in silence rated their environment
as less distracting and accurately predicted that this would lead to better
performances in subsequent tests.
Applied Cognitive Psychology 28: 279-284 2014
15. LANGUAGE AND LITERACY THROUGH MUSIC
A 2014 study published in The Journal of Neuroscience found that children who
took music lessons for two years didn’t just become better at playing an
instrument—they became better at processing language.
Harmony project in low income neighborhoods with drop out rates of 50%
3 years of participation=97% high school completion with many going on to college
Language and music share the elements of pitch, timing, and timbre.
As children become more familiar with pitch, timing, and timbre through musical
instruction, their language-processing skills also improve—enabling them to
distinguish nuances in speech more easily
Music enhances vocabulary and verbal understanding (short sentence
interpretation)
Repetition, rhyme and melody
Leads to enhanced memory, learning,
Reinforces language patterns
16. DIANA DEUTSCH “SPEECH TO SONG ILLUSION”
The neural circuitries underlying speech and
song are at some point distinct and separate
They can accept the same input, but
process the information in different ways
so as to produce different outputs
This illusion is in line with what philosophers
and musicians have been arguing for
centuries…
strong linkages must
exist between speech and
music.
SHORT TERM PLASTICITY
LONG TERM CHANGES
The perception of speech as
song requires isolation and
repetition
19. MUSIC THERAPY FOR THE
TREATMENT OF PAIN
For acute pain patients, especially
post-operative:
The hypotheses that patients in the
music group will need less analgesic,
have a shorter length of hospital
stay, and experience less adverse
effects than those in the control
group were not supported by the
data
A number of studies suggest that
there is a benefit but these are
poorly controlled and variable in
outcome measures
For chronic pain patients:
Music may be beneficial as an
adjuvant as it reduces self-reported
pain and depression.
Importantly, the analgesic effect of
music appears higher with self-
chosen over researcher-chosen
music.
But…as my grandmother wouldsay…”It couldn’t
hurt.”
20. IS MUSIC A ”HEALTH SUPPLEMENT” FOR
AN AGING BRAIN?
21. • “Anatomists today would be hard put to identify the brain of
a visual artist, a writer or a mathematician, but they would
recognize the brain of a professional musician without a
moment’s hesitation.”
-Oliver Sachs MD
• “Ah, music. A magic far beyond all we do here!”
• Albus Dumbledore
• Headmaster Hogwarts School
22. ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN A
MUSICIAN’S BRAIN
• Studies using prospective
longitudinal designs have found that
children who receive musical training
show changes in structural brain
development compared to those
who do not ( Habibi et al., 2017;Hyde
et al., 2009),
• Suggests that musical training may
contribute to, rather than simply
correlate with, neural plasticity ie
changing the structure of the brain
• ?Bigger brain=?Better brain
23. MANY NEUROSCIENTIST ACCEPT THESE CONCEPTS…
Musicians have stronger auditory cognitive skills across
the life span.
Playing an instrument improves
working memory
hearing speech in noise
neural speech-sound processing across the life span.
A lifetime of playing an instrument protects musicians
from age-related neural declines.
Adults who played an instrument as a child still reap
neural benefits even 40 years after stopping lessons.
Even older musicians with hearing loss have superior
hearing in noise and auditory cognitive skills.
24. SO WHAT IS THIS I HEAR ABOUT
NEUROLOGICAL MUSIC THERAPY?
25. FIVE BASIC DEFINITIONS ARTICULATE THE
MOST IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES OF
NEUROLOGIC MUSIC THERAPY
It is defined as the therapeutic application of music to cognitive,
sensory, and motor dysfunctions due to disease of the human nervous
system.
It is based on neuroscience models of music perception and the
influence of music on changes in non-musical brain functions and
behavior.
Treatment techniques are based on data from scientific and clinical
research and are directed toward non-musical therapeutic goals.
Flexible treatment techniques are adaptable to a patient’s needs.
Practitioners are educated in the areas of neuroanatomy and
physiology, brain pathologies, medical terminology, and rehabilitation
of cognitive, motor, speech, and language functions.
27. MELODIC INTONATION THERAPY
MIT in Stroke
MIT: Present Controversies
and Future Opportunities
Overall, 14 studies between 1973 and
2011 found positive effects for the use
of Melodic Intonation Therapy to
improve verbal production in
individuals with aphasia.
The majority of participants were in
the chronic phase of recovery. Further
research is warranted as many studies
were exploratory case studies or case
series pre- and post-test designs.
29. PHINEAS GAGE: LIFE
WITHOUT A
PREFRONTAL CORTEX
• On September 13, 1848, 25 year old
Phineas Gage was working with a
blasting crew
• An accidental explosion drove an
tamping iron through the left
cheekbone, past his eye and out the
top of his head, severely damaging
he orbitofrontal cortex
• Survive but with significant
behavioral changes
• Crude language and behavior
• Marked personality changes
30. TRAUMA TARGETS
Brain damage can affect movement and
language abilities, having a significant
impact on quality of life.
An estimated 1.5 million people in the
U.S. sustain a traumatic brain injury each
year, of whom 80,000 to 90,000 will be
left with long-term disability.
Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
and prefrontal cotex often occurs following
traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can lead to
complex behavioural changes with a
negative impact on the individual’s social
outcome.
31. NEUROPLASTICITY
• “Neuroplasticity” refers to the brain’s ability to change
throughout the lifetime in response to new activity, learning and
damage.
• Changes might occur in the actual anatomy or to the way that
the same anatomy functions.
• Motor skill learning: neuroplasticity applied to a specific task e.g.
juggling, playing the piano
32. ARE MUSICIANS BRAINS
ALWAYS DIFFERENT?
A large body of
literature now exists to
substantiate the long-
held idea that
musicians' brains differ
structurally and
functionally from non-
musicians' brains.
There are however
many variations in the
conclusions drawn
A review of the
literature highlights a
number of variables
that appear to
moderate the
relationship between
music training and
brain structure and
function Dawn Merrett: Moderating variables of music training-induced neuroplasticity: a review and
discussion. Frontiers of Psychology 2013
33. • In 2018 Dykesteen et al Brain Injury, 32:5, 634-643 demonstrated behavioral
improvements and functional brain changes after 8 weeks of playing piano on
patients with mTBI having attention, memory and social interaction problems.
• Present evidence for a causal relationship between musical training and reorganization
of neural networks promoting enhanced cognitive performance.
• SMALL patient size
34. CAN MUSIC BENEFIT SOMEONE WITH ALZEIMER’S
DISEASE OR OTHER DEMENTIA?
35. MUSIC THERAPY (MT) IN
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
• Many articles which have found that MT can reduce the mood
symptoms and behavior disorders in dementias, especially
depression, anxiety and agitation
• Although there are some researches which demonstrate that
MT is beneficial for preserving cognition of dementia
especially of AD, these are not convincing enough
• Combining MT with other adjuvant interventions such as
dance, art, video game, physical exercise, and so on, is
another area for research and clinical use
36. APPLAUSE SIGN: WHEN ACTIONS
WON’T STOP ON THEIR OWN
• The ability of the frontal lobes
to put a “brake” on motor
activity can fail in patients with
dementia
• Music Therapy with Rhythmic
Auditory Stimulation may be
useful in reestablishing
effective “on-off” function
• Disinhibition
• Motor perseveration
37. ACTIVATING THE MIND
OF SOMEONE WITH
ADVANCED DEMENTIA
The absolutely miracle
of bringing someone
back to who they were
and resurrecting their
spirits
39. MECHANISMS OF REWARDS AND
PLEASURE IN MUSIC
• Music can reliably induce feelings of pleasure
• Preliminary studies have shown that music listening and performing
modulate levels of serotonin, epinepherine, endorphins, dopamine,
oxytocin, and prolactin
• Dopamine liberations:
• Released when we make plans and predictions to satisfy wants=appetitive
component
• Released with goals are met=consummatory component
• Blocking μ-opioid receptors with naltrexone appears to cause decrease
physiological reactions to music for both positive and negative
emotions.
• Therefore brain opioid activity appears to moderate the
pleasure of music
41. Autism
The Cochrane Collaboration provided evidence that music therapy may
help children gain improved function in the core domains of autism:
Social interaction, verbal communication, initiating behaviour and social-
emotional reciprocity.
Improve rhythm sense may help with speech discrimination and
interpretation
Addiction recovery
Schizophrenia
Depression
Eating disorders
43. MUSIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Music Therapy vs Standard Care
Effects inconsistent across studies
Dependent on number of music therapy sessions
and quality of music therapy provided.
Therapy added to standard care superior to
standard care for global state
Good effects on negative symptoms (apathy, lack of
emotion, poor or nonexistant social functioning)
Some aspects of cognitive functioning and
behaviour improved.
44. THANK YOU SO
MUCH FOR
LISTENING
QUESTIONS ARE
ALWAYS WELCOME
AND APPLAUSE IS
NICE TOO