music around the world

1. Music Around
the World
A quick look at how other
cultures interpret music!

2. What is “Music”?
Pull out a piece of paper and write a sentence or two!
What does Music mean to you?
“Humanly Organized sound”
- John Blacking
Music

3. Terms to Know!
Culture
Epics
Silk Road
Xenophobia
- Established way of doing things. Shared by a group and transmitted to younger
generations.
- long heroic narratives in verse which recount the adventures of tribal heroes and
in the process express the customs, beliefs, and ideals of the people who sing them.
- an ancient trade route that linked the Western world with the Middle East and
Asia.
- is the fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange.

4. Central Asia
Kyrgyzstan
Countries
of focus:
Kazakhstan
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan

5. Central Asia
Silk Road

6. Let’s Talk about
instruments
What are the different categories of instruments
in a band?

7. Chordophone
Membranophone
Aerophones
Electrophones
Idiophones
Categories:

8. Dombra
(long necked and has frets)
Kobyz
(Horse hair Fiddle, bowed,
fretless)
Daybl
Kazakhstan

9. Komuz
(Fretless)
Kyrgyzstan
Temir ooz komuz
(Jaw Harp)
Chopo-choor

10. Tanbur
(Has Frets, only
played by men)
Ud or Oud
(Fretless, 11
strings)
G’ijjak
(Gid-Jak)
Uzbekistan
Doira

11. ● All of these instruments are made via a Luthier
by hand.
● Many of these instruments have legends
behind them.
○ The Komuz is about a hunter who slayed a monkey and
used its inners to create the Komuz.
● Each instrument has an assigned or preferred
gender.
● Story of Kobyz

12. Where
was
music
found?
NOTE: These get-togethers had a
division of gender Similar to when A
women has a bridal party before
marriage.

13. Epics
A long narrative poem that recounts larger than
life, heroic deeds of historical and legendary
figures
Similar to Myths and Legends

14. Manas
● Manas is a mythical warrior
based off of Genghis Khan
● This story is a trilogy
● Normally take multiple days to
tell.
● Accompanied by instruments or
solo voice.
● The narrator is called, “Aqyn”,
“jomok” or “jyr”

15. — Include a credit, citation, or supporting message
Write an original
statement or
inspiring quote
The formation of Kyrgz as a state.
The Epic of Manas starts as the Kyrgyz are in the Altai
fighting a group of Mongols. Manas is born to a shepherd with
no heirs, and soon is seen to be a great warrior. He becomes
famous for his strength, mischief making, and generosity. In
fact, he becomes so famous that the Mongols plot to kill him.
Not only do they fail to kill him, Manas fights to unite the
warring Kyrgyz tribes and move them back to the Tian Shan,
their ancestral homeland.
What is the story about?

17. Now it is your turn to
create a story!
Imagine you are a Aqyn (Poet and
storyteller). You have to create a story
regarding a hero in your everyday life. Make
this individual over exaggerated and out of
this world!
You are to write a poem of 8-10 lines about a
hero and the beginnings of their journey.
You may write more!
Think about what your character looks like,
and how they happened upon their journey.

18. Overtone Singing
(Throat Singing)
1. A style of singing where a vocalist sounds
more than a single pitch.
2. These pitches are sung overtop of a drone.
(Also called a fundamental)
3. Requires years of training and uses operatic
singing techniques.
4. There are three main types: khoomei,
kargyraa and sygyt.

19. Other Countries Around the World
JAPAN 音楽 (ongaku) sound comfort

20. A glance a Japan’s
music history
• Nara (710–
794) Heian (794–
1185) periods:
Buddhist chanting and
orchestral court music
• Kamakura (1192-
1333) period:
Noh-It is a drama that
includes dance
• 17th century
Bunraku- music that
accompanies and
enhances traditional
Japanese puppetry.

21. ITALY

22. Now a look at Italy’s
Historical impact on music
Before 1500
• Monophonic,
unaccompanied, early
Christian singing performed
by Roman Catholic monks
• Around 1335, the earliest
collection of Italian secular
polyphony
• 15th century introduces court
musician
Renaissance era
• 16th century saw the
invention of printed
polyphonic music
• Proficiency at music as a
respected virtue, and Santa
Maria di Loreto, the first
music conservatory, was
built in Naples Italy
Vocab:
Monophonic: consisting of a single
musical line, without
accompaniment:
Secular: things that have no
religious or spiritual basis
Polyphonic: two or more parts each
having a melody of its own
Baroque era
• Retelling Greek myths
within a staged musical
context —the first operas
The places to be for music:
• Venice: as the birthplace
of commercial opera
• Rome: for school
of Renaissance polyphony
• Naples: as the birthplace of
church sponsored music
conservatories.
• Instrumental music started
to develop as a separate
"track" apart from the
traditional role of
accompanying the human
voice.

23. INDIA
The Pungi is a
musical
instrument
that originates
from the Indian
subcontinent.
The instrument
consists of a
reservoir into
which air is
blown and then
channeled into
two reed pipes.
The instrument
was often used to
entertain the
public with snake
charming.
However, this
practice was
eventually banned
throughout the
country in 1991,
under the Wildlife
Protection Act,
1972.

24. • 30,000-year-
old paleolithic and neolithic
cave paintings showing
Gongs, Bowed Lyre, daf
• In the early 14th century
under the Khiljis, there were
concerts and competitions
between Hindustani and
Carnatic musicians.
• From the 16th century
onwards, treatises written
on music
Paleolithic- early phase of
the Stone Age when
primitive stone tools were
used.
Neolithic- later part of the
Stone Age, when ground
or polished stone
weapons and implements
prevailed
Khiljis- second dynasty
which ruled large parts of
the Indian
subcontinent for nearly
three decades between
1290 and 1320.
Carnatic-subgenre of Indian
classical music that evolved from
ancient Hindu texts and traditions
The main emphasis in Carnatic
music is on vocal music; most
compositions are written to be sung,
and even when played on
instruments, they are meant to be
performed in a singing style.
Hindustani- emerged as a distinct form because of Persian or
Islamic influences from Northern India. this music
includes Swaras (notes), Shruti (microtones), Alankar (ornamentat
ions), Raga (melodies improvised), and Tala (rhythmic patterns
used in percussion).

25. RUSSIA

26. •
•
•
Russian
Orthodox bell
•
•

27. 18th and 19th century
• Czar Peter 1st realized how behind Russia was
comparedto other countries in music and art
• Peter saw European music as a mark of
civilization and a way of Westernizing the
country
• Big focus on Western European art and
architecture
• Empresses Elisabeth 1709- 1762
and Catherine the Great 1729-1796; also helped
spread interest in Western music among the
aristocracy by bringing Italian operas east
The first great Russian composer to use
native Russian music traditions secular
music was Mikhail Glinka (1804–1857),
who composed early Russian operas They
were neither the first operas in the
Russian language nor the first by a
Russian, but they gained fame for relying
on mainly Russian tunes and themes as
well as being a language they understand

28. FRANCE

29. • Some of the earliest
manuscripts
with polyphony are from
10th century French cities
like Chartres and Tours.
• Secular music in
medieval France was
dominated
by troubadours, who
were poets and
musicians known for
creating forms like
the ballade and Lai. The
most famous of the
troubadour was Adam de
la Halle 1245 – 1285.
Vocab
Troubadour- traveling
noblemen and musicians
troubadours composed and
performed French songs, in
contrast to the older
tradition dating back to the
10th century Italian songs
Lai -lyrical, narrative poem
written
in octosyllabic couplets that
often deals with tales of
adventure and romance

30. SPAIN

31. • Isidore of Seville wrote about the
local music in the 6th century. His
influences were predominantly
Greek, he was a philosopher, and
recorded some of the first details
about the early music of the
Christian church.
• He is most famous in musical
history for declaring that it was not
possible to notate sounds, an
assertion which revealed his
ignorance of the notational system
of ancient Greece
• inspired by Italian musicians
• Symphonic music was never too
popular in Spain however chamber,
solo instrumental, (mainly guitar and
piano) vocal and opera were written
by local composers

32. BRAZIL

33. • Little is known of the music of
Brazil before the area's first
encounter with European
explorers in1500.
• During the colonial period,
documents detail the musical
activities of the major Roman
Catholic cathedrals and the
parlors of the upper classes, but
information about the native
Brazilian’s musical life is sparse.
• Some information is available
in writings left by such travellers
as Jean de Léry, who lived in
Brazil from 1557 to 1558 and
produced the first known
transcriptions of native
American music: two chants of
the Tupinambá, near Rio de
Janeiro.

34. Indigenous and Folk music of
Brazil
• The native peoples of the
Brazilian rainforest play instruments
including whistles,
flutes, horns, drums and rattles. Much of the
area's folk music imitates the sounds of
the Amazon Rainforest.
• Capoeira is
an Afro-
Brazilian martial
art and game that
includes elements
of
dance, acrobatics,
music and
spirituality.
• Never played
without its own
music, which is
usually a call-and-
response type of
folk music
Maracatu-This type of music is
played primarily in
the Recife and Olinda regions
during Carnaval. It is an Afro-
Brazilian tradition. The music
serves as the backdrop for parade
groups that evolved out of
ceremonies

35. Central Asian
Modern Music

36. 1. Very Similar to K-Pop
2. Similar dancing styles, clothing, and
styles of music were shared between
the two.
3. Both have danceable rhythms, and
include a mix of different western
genres.
4. The main difference is Q-pop music
was largely based on regional music
and topics relevant to local youth
5. Managed by the government.
What is Q- pop?

37. • Western pop music
• Kazakhstani hip hop
• EDM (Electronic Dance Music)
• R&B (Rhythm and Blues)
• Heavy influences from K-pop of
South Korea.
•Kazakhstan experienced the Korean
Wave when South Korean dramas and movies
entered the country in the mid-2000s.
•The increasing accessibility of the internet
fueled interest in South Korean pop
culture among Kazakhstanis.
•K-pop, with its attractive, less-restrictive, and
unique style, gained immense popularity in
Kazakhstan.
Inspiration

38. Ninety- One
● Name is based on Kazakhstan Independence.
● Debuted in 2015 with the song, “Aiyptama” (Don’t Blame
Me)”
● They broke all norms in Central Asian
● Had a hate club that was run by men that did not agree with
the costumes and make-up the group wore.
■ It challenged the masculinity of the nation.
● On their first tour nine Kazakhstan regions cancelled their
performance due to the protests around the band.
● Bring in a ton of money for country.

39. The Hu
● Founded in 2016 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
● Modern Rock group rooted in traditional instruments and
themes.
● Cross of Heavy metal and traditional Mongolian guttural
singing (Throat singing).
● Their genre is called “Hunnu Rock”
● Hu mean “Human”
● Two most popular songs “Yuve Yuve” and “Wolf Totem”
● Features lots of nomadic/ traditional instruments including
the Morin Khuur (horsehead fiddle), Tovshuur (Mongolian
guitar), Tumur Khuur (jaw harp) and throat singing.

40. South Africa
“NKOSI SIKELEL’ IAFRIKA”
(Lord Bless Africa)

41. Ethnic Groups:
● 79 % Indigenous African
● 10 % European
● 11 % Asian and Mixed.

42. Pretoria, South Africa

43. Jacaranda
Trees
(JA-KR-AN-DA)
Can be found
in tropical
areas around
the world
including the
UNited States.

44. Cape Town,
South Africa

45. Let’s Talk about
instruments
…again

47. South African Folk Songs
● Songs of everyday life
● Learned by ear (Rote learning)
● Non- Professional
● Local/regional traditions
○ Example: Xhosa Wedding Song

48. South African Folk Songs
Characteristics
● A Cappella (Voices Only)
● Harmony (Multiple melody lines)
● Repetition
● Indigenous Language lyrics (Xhosa)
● Gestures/dance

49. Anti-Apartheid Movement
“Freedom Songs”
1950s-1980s
Afrikaans “Separate-ness”
Legalized racial segregation
Enacted by Afrikaner Nationalist Party
Anti-Apartheid protests songs
● Repurposed Christian songs
● Folk songs
● Composed songs
European and Indigenous influences.

50. Freedom Songs
Alfred Luthuli “I will follow”
“Shayalan Ambala” (changed
words)
Words: Prepare the way,
Umkhonto is Coming!
Toyi-Toyi
Protest dances, Call and
response chant.

51. Toyi - Toyi
❏ “ War Dance” - Zimbabwe
❏ Used in Anti- Apartheid Protests

52. South African Jazz
● Two Prompet figures during this time were Miriam Makeka and Hugh Masekela
● Jazz society mainly took place in Cape Town (District six) and Johannsburg
(Sophiatown).
● Marabi styles-> 1930s
○ Video on Marabi
● African Jazz -> 1940s
○ Video on African Jazz
What do you notice in these African Jazz Styles compared to the styles in the USA?
What are the instruments? How fast is the music being played?

53. Miriam Makeba 1932 - 2008
● South African Singer
● “Mama Africa”
● Cultural and political activist
● Collaborated with Manhattan Brothers
and The Skylarks.
● Played a lead role in Jazz opera “King
Kong”
● Featured in the film Come Back to Africa.
● Known for the “Click song”

54. Come Back to Africa (1959)
● A documentary about Anti-Apartheid
movement.
● First documentary to address the issue.
1960
● Miriam was Exile from the country for how she
spoke out on the issues in South Africa.
● Miriam then began singing more songs and
address global audiences to bring awareness to
Apartheid in South Africa.
● She even addressed the United Nations in 1963
● Same Example: Mayibuye (Come back Africa)

55. King Kong - Jazz Opera
● Premiered 1959
● Features soloists like Miriam Makeba
● “All African Jazz Opera”
● Ensembles like the Manhattan brothers and Jazz
dazzlers performed as well.
● The Opera/Musical was about the life of a
heavyweight champion and boxer named
Ezekiel Dlamini or “King Kong”
● This production has instrumental, vocal soloists,
vocal ensembles, dance and use a varied of
instruments!

56. Hugh Masekela b. 1939
● Jazz trumpet and Flugelhorn player.
● Anti- Apartheid Activist
● Masekela started in the Father Huddlestan
Band at the age of 15.
● Later in career join ensemble called Jazz
Dazzlers. This group was one of the most well
know ensembles in Jazz.
● Accompanied Jazz Opera King Kong.
● Lived in Exile for 30 years. Not allowed back in
country till 1990. Exiled in 1960.
● Listening Example: “Bring Him Back Home”

57. That’s All Folks!
Thanks