India has a significant tobacco problem, with 16% of smokers globally living in India. Tobacco use causes over 2,500 deaths per day in India. Several laws and policies have been implemented to reduce tobacco use. The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act of 2003 expanded regulations to include all tobacco products and required larger health warnings. Executive orders have also targeted tobacco, such as banning scenes depicting tobacco use in films. Other measures include prohibiting indoor smoking in public places and imposing taxes on tobacco. However, myths still exist around the economic and health impacts of tobacco that require addressing to curb its widespread use in India.
A presentation by Hemant Goswami on How tobacco industry have managed to manipulate the public health agenda over the years. Quoting from the tobacco industry documents itself, Hemant demonstrated the tactics the industry uses to plant tobacco control legislations themselves to prevent any effective and powerful legislation from coming into effect.
Example of how Indian Tobacco Control law has been weakened by the industry influence has also been given by Hemant in the presentation.
A presentation by Hemant Goswami on How tobacco industry have managed to manipulate the public health agenda over the years. Quoting from the tobacco industry documents itself, Hemant demonstrated the tactics the industry uses to plant tobacco control legislations themselves to prevent any effective and powerful legislation from coming into effect.
Example of how Indian Tobacco Control law has been weakened by the industry influence has also been given by Hemant in the presentation.
Judgment: Fita vs the president of RSA and othersSABC News
South Africa, like the rest of the world, faces an unprecedented crisis following the
invasion of the COVID-19 virus, which poses a clear and present danger to human life.
Through the Disaster Management Act1
(“the Act”), the Government has imposed various
measures in an effort to combat the virus and contain its escalation. In particular, the
second respondent, the Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (“the
Minister”) promulgated regulations pursuant to section 27(2) of the Act, which, amongst
others, prohibit the sale of tobacco products, e-cigarettes and related products as part of
the measures introduced to curb the escalation of the COVID-19 virus.
Drug & substance abuse Marijuana, Cocaine, Heroine, alcohol and prescription...OrnellaRN
Risk Factors, Effects on the brain,Symptoms, Warning signs and treatment.
Drugs and substances such as marijuana, cocaine and heroine are not the only substances that can be abused. Alcohol, prescription drugs and over-the-counter medications, inhalant and solvents, sedatives, coffee and cigarettes.
The Six Classifications of Drugs of Abuse (Grade 9 (Mapeh) Health Lesson)Jewel Jem
The Six Classifications of Drugs of Abuse
> Gateway Drugs
> Depressants
> Stimulants
> Narcotics
> Hallucinogens
> Inhalants
Along with meanings, types and pictures
The good and bad effects of each classifications of the drugs of abuse
Ban on Tobacco Ads by GOI ‘The ethical dilemma’
The Indian government decided to ban advertising by tobacco companies as a first step towards its goal of discouraging smokers
Hemant Goswami talked about the "Economics of Smokeless Form of Tobacco." This presentation is part of the talk about how smokeless variant of tobacco is overtaking the smoked version of tobacco. Strategies and possible actions are also being discussed.
Tobacco continues to suffer from the regulations as there is ample evidence of the risks associated with smoking. Governments made tobacco regulations strict since the 1990s when the ingredients in cigarettes were made public. The tobacco regulations in India that are currently in effect in various nations are as follows. For more information please visit the website now. https://www.tiionline.org/industry-issues/extreme-regulations/
Judgment: Fita vs the president of RSA and othersSABC News
South Africa, like the rest of the world, faces an unprecedented crisis following the
invasion of the COVID-19 virus, which poses a clear and present danger to human life.
Through the Disaster Management Act1
(“the Act”), the Government has imposed various
measures in an effort to combat the virus and contain its escalation. In particular, the
second respondent, the Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (“the
Minister”) promulgated regulations pursuant to section 27(2) of the Act, which, amongst
others, prohibit the sale of tobacco products, e-cigarettes and related products as part of
the measures introduced to curb the escalation of the COVID-19 virus.
Drug & substance abuse Marijuana, Cocaine, Heroine, alcohol and prescription...OrnellaRN
Risk Factors, Effects on the brain,Symptoms, Warning signs and treatment.
Drugs and substances such as marijuana, cocaine and heroine are not the only substances that can be abused. Alcohol, prescription drugs and over-the-counter medications, inhalant and solvents, sedatives, coffee and cigarettes.
The Six Classifications of Drugs of Abuse (Grade 9 (Mapeh) Health Lesson)Jewel Jem
The Six Classifications of Drugs of Abuse
> Gateway Drugs
> Depressants
> Stimulants
> Narcotics
> Hallucinogens
> Inhalants
Along with meanings, types and pictures
The good and bad effects of each classifications of the drugs of abuse
Ban on Tobacco Ads by GOI ‘The ethical dilemma’
The Indian government decided to ban advertising by tobacco companies as a first step towards its goal of discouraging smokers
Hemant Goswami talked about the "Economics of Smokeless Form of Tobacco." This presentation is part of the talk about how smokeless variant of tobacco is overtaking the smoked version of tobacco. Strategies and possible actions are also being discussed.
Tobacco continues to suffer from the regulations as there is ample evidence of the risks associated with smoking. Governments made tobacco regulations strict since the 1990s when the ingredients in cigarettes were made public. The tobacco regulations in India that are currently in effect in various nations are as follows. For more information please visit the website now. https://www.tiionline.org/industry-issues/extreme-regulations/
It is all about the Tobacco industry. Its competitors, raw materials, substitutes. Its implications on employment, government policies, exports, imports, national income, product differentiaton, pricing techniques, advertising, product life cycle, market structure, cost structure, technology
This is a short presentation to tell about word no tobacco day. this presentation also tells tobacco and its harmful effects, status in india, government act for its use, sale and distribution
According to a Lancet study (2012), in India, tobacco-related cancers represented 42·0% of male and 18·3% of female cancer deaths
India also has one of the highest rates of oral cancer in the world as the consequence of high prevalence of smokeless tobacco use
Presentation by Layla Theiner (Head of Public Affairs and Campaigning, Cancer Research UK) on the occasion of the EESC hearing on Manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products (Brussels, 19 Feb 2013).
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Problem of addiction and law.
• Natural law theory and addictions.
• Economics of tobacco .
• Ayurveda and certain smokes.
3. EXTENT OF TOBACCO MENACE
• 16 % of the smokers live in India.
• Every day 2500 tobacco caused deaths.
• 2020 Estimation is that 13 % of all deaths will be due to tobacco.
Tobacco use prevalence : 51.3% males & 10.3% females (1995
-1996) and 46.5% males and 13.8% females (1998 -1999)
National Sample Survey 52nd Round and National Family Health
Survey-2
55.8% of males currently use tobacco (12 - 60 years of age)
National Household Survey of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2002
Tobacco use prevalence among males is higher compared to
females and among older age groups compared to the younger age
groups.
The prevalence of tobacco use is higher in rural population
compared to that in urban areas.
India has a huge problem of widespread smokeless tobacco use
among women, particularly among disadvantaged women.
The prevalence of tobacco use in pregnant women is similar to that
in non-pregnant women of the same age.
5. SPHERE OF ATNTI TOBACCO
LAWS
• Acts and their Amendments.
• Executive Orders.
• Supreme Court Judgements.
• Codes of conduct.
• Taxation.
6. The Cigarettes (Regulation of
Production, Supply, and Distribution)
Act, 1975
-The Act, required the display of statutory health
warnings on advertisements, cartons, and cigarette
packages.
-The Act set penalties, including the confiscation of tobacco
in the event of its provisions being breached.
-But the Act did not include noncigarette tobacco products,
such as beedis, gutka, cigars, and cheroots.
-The Act supported and favored tobacco production and
trade because tobacco was considered a major source
of public revenue
7. The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products
(Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation
of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply
and Distribution) Act, 2003
• The Centre to enact and regulate on non-
cigarette production and use of tobacco
• It made pictorial depictions of health warnings
mandatory and required nicotine and tar
contents and their maximum permissible limits to
be printed on cartons and packages of all
tobacco products.
• Sale of tobacco products must be banned within
500 yards (457.2 m) of educational institutions.
8. EXECUTIVE ORDERS OF
GOVERNMENT
1)The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1955, treated chewable forms of
tobacco, such as zarda as a food item.
2) The act clearly stated that every package of chewing tobacco shall bear
the following label, namely,”chewing of tobacco is injurious to health.'"
3) 1991 Amendment to the Cinematograph Act, 1952, to ban scenes that
endorse or promote the consumption of tobacco in any form.
4) 1992, Central Government Amended to the Drugs and Cosmetics Act,
1940, whereby the manufacture and use of toothpastes and toothpowders
containing tobacco was banned.
5) In September 2000, amendments to the Cable Television Networks
(Regulation) Act, 1994, banned any direct or indirect advertisements related
to the use or trade of tobacco on cable television, and introduced penalties
of imprisonment or fines for offenders.
9. OTHER MEASURES
-On October 2, 2008, to commemorate
Mahatma Gandhi's birthday, the government
imposed a ban on smoking in public places,
offices, restaurants, bars, and open streets.
This was a gesture to protect the rights of the
nonsmokers and safeguard them from
passive smoking. A fine of 200 rupees
(US$4.50) was imposed for contravening this
regulation.
10. TAXATION AND TOBACCO
• Excise duty.
• The tobacco industry in India is subject to a range of
taxes imposed by the Central and State Governments.
• Taxation on cigarettes accounts for around 55% of the
average price of a packet of 20 cigarettes
• Excise duty generated by tobacco products was around
US$ 1424 million in 1998; nearly 82% of that amount
came from the sale of cigarettes.
• There is minimal contribution of the unorganized sector
to excise revenue. Bidis, in particular, have a far lower
excise tax than cigarettes. Furthermore, the Indian
Government has limited ability to collect excise from the
unorganized sector as it consists of scores of small
producers.
11. SOME MYTHS ABOUT TOBACCO
1.The assertion that the tobacco industry generates substantial
employment, output and income.
2.If smokers ceased smoking they would not spend the money
elsewhere;
3.The resources used in the tobacco industry have no alternative uses.
4.Smokers pay their way.
5.Regressive effect of excise on tobacco.
6. Tobacco tax revenues exceed smoking-related public health
expenditure costs.
7.Balance of payment argument.
8. The lifetime health costs of smokers are no greater than those of
non-smokers
9. Advertising does not increase tobacco consumption