Zohayr ibn Abi Solma is identified as an eminent poet who produced poetry distinguished with preeminence in courtly and virtuous love. The study employs an analytical and critical methodology, attempting to elucidate the influence of virtuous love narrated by the poet in the first verse lines of his great Mua'llagah. It employs the critical-descriptive-analytical approach. It commences with a terse introductory synopsis shedding light on the importance of classical Arabic language and its involvement with poetry. It goes on to shed light on Zohayr ibn Abi Solma, the person and the poet. The next section is dealing with selected verse lines from Al-Mualagah of Zohayr. The paper attempts to prove, via poetry of Zohayr ibn Abi Solma, the greatness of the Arabic classical poetry and demonstrate the aptitudes of the poet through his Mua'llagah. It is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the greatness of Arabic language then it moves to the second part that focuses of Arabic Poetry: Treasure of Wisdom. The third part sheds light on the poet's Courtly Love and the last main part goes with analytical and critical endeavor to the first ten verse lines of Al-Mua'llagah of Zohayr. It comes to an end with a conclusion.
Hassan ibn Thabit: An Original Arabic Tongue (1) حسان بن ثابت: لسان عربي أصيل Al Baha University
حسان بن ثابت واحد من أعظم الشعراء الذين عاشوا خلال عصرين متميّزين للأمة العربية في الجزيرة العربية، الفترة ما قبل الإسلامية والحقبة الإسلامية، قدم حسان خلالها صور حلو الشمائل عن العرب قبل الإسلام وبعده، في هذه الورقة الأدبية، يحاول الباحث سبر غور عمق الشعر العربي عند حسان بن ثابت كأنموذج على عظمة اللغة الشعرية العربية. يستحق الشاعر، حسان بن ثابت، دراسة أدبية، مركزاً، بشكل رئيسي على شعره كنوع من التراث والموروث للغة العربية الفصحى.
تعاملاً مع واحدة من القصائد الشهيرة لحسان بن ثابت، فإن هذه الورقة البحثية تستخدم الأسلوب التحليلي النقدي، والذي تبدأ بمقدمة موجزة عن الشعر العربي ثم تنتقل الورقة لإلقاء الضوء على العرب واللغة الشعرية العربية، ثم يلقي الباحث الضوء على الشاعر حسان بن ثابت، صاحب الملكات اللغوية العربية الغير عادية، وبعد ذلك، تنتقل الدراسة لتركز بشكل أوسع على التحليل والوصف لأول سِتة عشر بيتاً شعرياً من قصيدة حسان بن ثابت الشهيرة المعروفة باسم (قافية الألف). هذا الجزء هو الجزء الرئيسي التي تحاول الدراسة إثباتها من خلال شعر حسان بن ثابت، وتختتم هذه الورقة البحثية بملخص نهائي قصير.
Hassan ibn (son of) Thabit is one of the greatest poets who lived within two distinguished ages of the Arabic nations in Arabia, the pre-Islamic period and the Islamic period. He presented graceful pictures of Arabs before Islam and after Islam. In this literary paper, the investigator attempts to probe the depth of the Arabic poetry of Hassan ibn Thabit as an instance of the magnitude of Arabic poetic tongue. The poet Hassan ibn Thabit deserves a literary investigation paying attentiveness mostly to his poetry as a tradition and legacy of the classical Arabic poetic language.
In dealing with one of the famous poems of Ibn Thabit, the paper operates the critical-analytical method. It starts with a succinct introduction about Arabic poetry then the paper progresses to illuminate Arabs and Arabic poetic tongue. Subsequently, the researcher goes to shed light on the poet, Hassan ibn Thabit as a poet of an unusual Arabic language. After that, it goes on to focus more with analysis and wasf (description) on the first sixteen verse lines of Hassan ibn Thabit's renowned poem known as the Alef rhymed (قافية الألف). This part is the central division of the study in which it attempts to verify via the poetry of Hassan Ibn Thabit. The paper is ended with a short conclusion.
The Eminence of Poetic Arabic Language: Lamiyyat Al Arab of Ash-Shanfara Exam...Al Baha University
إن أهمية اللغة العربية تعود إلى كونها واحدة من أكثر اللغات وضوحاً في تألقها وقدرتها المتكررة على التكيف مع عدد لا يحصى من العلوم والمعارف الأخرى، وصلت اللغة العربية إلى الإبداع والأصالة في مختلف مجالات الأدب المختلفة التي يكون فيها الشعر أعظم ما يكون.
تهدف الورقة البحثية إلى إمعان النظر في الصور الرمزية والبلاغية والجمالية في قصيدة "لامية العرب" للشنفرى والتي يتبع فيها الباحث المنهج النقدي الاستدلالي والاستقرائي الذي يركز بشكل تحليلي على الأبيات العشرة الأولى من القصيدة، وتحاول الدراسة أن تكشف تحليلا بتعمق للصفات الجمالية والمواضيع الشعرية وكذلك الصور الرمزية والاستعارية في القصيدة، حيث تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة عن الجزيرة العربية ولغتها العربية الشعرية ثم تنتقل لإلقاء الضوء على الشاعر الشنفرى كشاعر عربي عظيم، تختتم بتحليل وتعليقات على قصيدة "لامية العرب" التي تحاول ابراز القيم العربية الأصلية، والاصيلة والأخلاق والمبادئ في عصر ما قبل الإسلام التي تحتوي عليها.
The significance of the Arabic language holds back from its being one of the most explicit languages in its brilliance and its repeated ability to adapt to countless other sciences and knowledge. The Arabic language has reached creativity and originality in different fields of literature in which the greatest is poetry.
The paper aims at scrutinizing the figurative, rhetorical and aesthetic images in Lamiyyat Al Arab by Ash-Shanfara in which it follows the deductive, inductive critical approach focusing analytically on the first ten verses of the poem. Applying the historical-analytical method, the study attempts to reveal in the in-depth analysis of the aesthetic qualities and poetic issues as well as the figurative images in the poem. It commences with an introduction on Arabia and Poetic Language then moves to shed light on the protagonist-poet Ash-Shanfara as a great Arabic poet to be concluded with analysis and comments on the poem Lamiyyat Al-Arab trying to find out the original Arab values, morals, ethics, and tenets in the pre-Islam era it contains.
A Voice of Arabs Taabbata-Sharran: A Bandit by Name a Poet of Pride - صوت من...Al Baha University
The magnitude of the Arabic language holds back from its being one of the unblemished languages in its brilliance and its reiterated capability to adapt to countless different sciences and knowledge. The Arabic language has reached creativity and ingenuity in diverse fields and genres of literature in which the supreme is poetry. This article attempts to present the inner landscapes of Taabbata-Sharran and his profession placing him in the context of both his social milieu and his age.
The paper aims at studying the figurative, allegorical and appealing images in Al-Gafiah of Taabbata-Sharran in which it follows the inferential inductive critical methodology concentrating analytically on his Al-Gafiah poem. The study attempts to divulge in the analysis the appealing qualities and poetic matters as well as the rhetorical images in it with particular reference to the first ten verse lines. The article begins with an introduction to Arabia and the Arabic Poetic Language then shifts to shed light on the poet Taabbata-Sharran as a great poet of Arabia, the center of the Arabic language. It is concluded with a brief examination and comments on the poem Al-Gafiah trying to catch on the original Arab ideals, morals, integrity, and beliefs in the pre-Islamic Epoch it contains.
Hassan ibn Thabit: An Original Arabic Tongue (2) حسان بن ثابت: لسان عربي أصيل Al Baha University
As it is suggested and recommended in the first part of a previous paper that carries the same title, this paper is a continuous effort not to claim to be wide-ranging in mastering a poetic piece as one sort of expressive manuscript in Arabic but an impartial effort through analytical assessment of a poem. The study is limited to a few selected verses of Hassan ibn Thabit poem named ‘Al Alef rhymed (قافية الألف).’ It is a representative of the Arabic tongue and its magnificence. It is a piece of poetry that cannot be examined and scrutinized in a short paper like this.
The study focuses, with analysis, on six verse lines – 17/22 – of Hassan ibn Thabit's poem mentioned above. It employs an analytical and critical method, makes an effort to illustrate the inspiration of Arabic poetry as a means of the tongue and its grandeur and glory. The study initiates with an introduction raising the importance of Arabic classical poetic tongue. Then it goes go forward to give a picture of Hassan ibn Thabit as a man and a poet. The researcher, then, shifts to the foremost segment of the study, attempting to bring an interpretation to some selected verses of Hassan’s above-mentioned long poem. The paper reaches its conclusion by a concise discussion and recommendatory afterword.
Arabic Contemporary Poetic Drama Ali Ahmed Ba Kathir A Pioneer - المسرح الشعر...Al Baha University
Many central playwrights significantly contributed to the progress and advancement of Arabic drama. They were apt to achieve dramatic illustrations in several Arabic countries all the way through ages and places. Still, this study attempts to shed light on an innovator poet-dramatist who represents many cultures and experiences. It aims at displaying the most significant features of renovation associated with the development of the modern Arabic poetic drama that employs history and social problems to present a vision for Arabic literature in the contemporary age. The researcher adopts the critical-descriptive approach in analyzing the poet-dramatist, Ali Ahmad Ba-Kathir, and two of his poetic dramas. It is mapped with an introductory overview dealing with a concise notion of drama, concentrating predominantly on poetic drama. The foremost part copes with the developer and pioneer Ali Ahmad Ba-Kathir, focusing on his thoughts and experiences in the field. The paper, then, moves ahead to deal with two verse plays as a model of his craftsmanship and mastery. After that, the study finishes with a brief argument and/or recommendations and an end.
Thu Al-Ausb’a Al-'Adwani: An Arabic Poet of Acuity with Eternal Arguments - ...Al Baha University
This document provides an overview of the Arabic poet Thu Al-Ausb'a Al-'Adwani. It discusses his life, noting he was from the powerful tribe of Adwan. The document analyzes some of Thu Al-Ausb'a's poetry, highlighting his wisdom and perspectives. It also provides context on the importance of poetry in pre-Islamic Arabic culture and how poets like Thu Al-Ausb'a helped establish classical Arabic.
The Influence of Ibrahim Khafaji as Arabic Lyric Poet - تأثير إبراهيم خفاجي: ...Al Baha University
This document summarizes the influence of Ibrahim Khafaji as an Arabic lyric poet in Saudi Arabia. It begins with an introduction to Arabic poetry as a prominent genre in ancient and modern Arabic literature. It then provides a brief overview of contemporary poetry in Saudi Arabia and its development. The document focuses on analyzing Khafaji's contributions as a significant modern Saudi poet, examining one of his poems in detail. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of Arabic poetry in recording Arab history and culture.
The Influence of the Arabic Language: The Muwashshah of Ibn Sahl Al-Andalusi ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The muwashahat were the product of the popular Arabic literary tradition, but their progress is associated with social factors in the Andalusi setting. This article is an attempt to study the inspiration of the Arabic language focusing on a literary genre like the Arabic Andalusian Muwashshah as a legacy of the graceful language. The paper constitutes an endeavor to assess the motivation and influence of the Arabic tongue on the literary practice of Andalusia with reference to the muwashshah particularly a piece of poetry of the same genre by a leading poet, Ibrahim Ibn Sahl Al-Ishbili Andalusi. The researcher, in this paper, undertakes to show the perspicacity of some verses of Ibn Sahl as a case of the elegance of the Arabic tongue. Ibn Sahl‟s muwashshah is worthy of being not given enough attention principally his poetry as a legacy of the dignified Arabic tongue in a part of the European continent.As a suitable approach, the researcher applies the descriptive-analysis. The article commences with a succinct exploratory framework on the importance of the Arabic language and its bond with poetry because poetry is thejewelry of Knowledge. The next point gives a justified illustration on the Muwashshah as an impact of Arab Muslims. Then, it moves progressively to present some crucial notions on the poet Ibn Sahl Al Andalusi. After that, the study attempts to give an analysis on one of the muwashshah, trying to probe the depth of the language the poet applied. Through this portion, the researcher tries to find out the influence of the Arabic tongue and to exemplify the aptitudes of Ibn Sahl through lyrics. The article finishes with a concise conclusion précising the complete analysis and commenting on the recommendations if the researcher may recommend.
Hassan ibn Thabit: An Original Arabic Tongue (1) حسان بن ثابت: لسان عربي أصيل Al Baha University
حسان بن ثابت واحد من أعظم الشعراء الذين عاشوا خلال عصرين متميّزين للأمة العربية في الجزيرة العربية، الفترة ما قبل الإسلامية والحقبة الإسلامية، قدم حسان خلالها صور حلو الشمائل عن العرب قبل الإسلام وبعده، في هذه الورقة الأدبية، يحاول الباحث سبر غور عمق الشعر العربي عند حسان بن ثابت كأنموذج على عظمة اللغة الشعرية العربية. يستحق الشاعر، حسان بن ثابت، دراسة أدبية، مركزاً، بشكل رئيسي على شعره كنوع من التراث والموروث للغة العربية الفصحى.
تعاملاً مع واحدة من القصائد الشهيرة لحسان بن ثابت، فإن هذه الورقة البحثية تستخدم الأسلوب التحليلي النقدي، والذي تبدأ بمقدمة موجزة عن الشعر العربي ثم تنتقل الورقة لإلقاء الضوء على العرب واللغة الشعرية العربية، ثم يلقي الباحث الضوء على الشاعر حسان بن ثابت، صاحب الملكات اللغوية العربية الغير عادية، وبعد ذلك، تنتقل الدراسة لتركز بشكل أوسع على التحليل والوصف لأول سِتة عشر بيتاً شعرياً من قصيدة حسان بن ثابت الشهيرة المعروفة باسم (قافية الألف). هذا الجزء هو الجزء الرئيسي التي تحاول الدراسة إثباتها من خلال شعر حسان بن ثابت، وتختتم هذه الورقة البحثية بملخص نهائي قصير.
Hassan ibn (son of) Thabit is one of the greatest poets who lived within two distinguished ages of the Arabic nations in Arabia, the pre-Islamic period and the Islamic period. He presented graceful pictures of Arabs before Islam and after Islam. In this literary paper, the investigator attempts to probe the depth of the Arabic poetry of Hassan ibn Thabit as an instance of the magnitude of Arabic poetic tongue. The poet Hassan ibn Thabit deserves a literary investigation paying attentiveness mostly to his poetry as a tradition and legacy of the classical Arabic poetic language.
In dealing with one of the famous poems of Ibn Thabit, the paper operates the critical-analytical method. It starts with a succinct introduction about Arabic poetry then the paper progresses to illuminate Arabs and Arabic poetic tongue. Subsequently, the researcher goes to shed light on the poet, Hassan ibn Thabit as a poet of an unusual Arabic language. After that, it goes on to focus more with analysis and wasf (description) on the first sixteen verse lines of Hassan ibn Thabit's renowned poem known as the Alef rhymed (قافية الألف). This part is the central division of the study in which it attempts to verify via the poetry of Hassan Ibn Thabit. The paper is ended with a short conclusion.
The Eminence of Poetic Arabic Language: Lamiyyat Al Arab of Ash-Shanfara Exam...Al Baha University
إن أهمية اللغة العربية تعود إلى كونها واحدة من أكثر اللغات وضوحاً في تألقها وقدرتها المتكررة على التكيف مع عدد لا يحصى من العلوم والمعارف الأخرى، وصلت اللغة العربية إلى الإبداع والأصالة في مختلف مجالات الأدب المختلفة التي يكون فيها الشعر أعظم ما يكون.
تهدف الورقة البحثية إلى إمعان النظر في الصور الرمزية والبلاغية والجمالية في قصيدة "لامية العرب" للشنفرى والتي يتبع فيها الباحث المنهج النقدي الاستدلالي والاستقرائي الذي يركز بشكل تحليلي على الأبيات العشرة الأولى من القصيدة، وتحاول الدراسة أن تكشف تحليلا بتعمق للصفات الجمالية والمواضيع الشعرية وكذلك الصور الرمزية والاستعارية في القصيدة، حيث تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة عن الجزيرة العربية ولغتها العربية الشعرية ثم تنتقل لإلقاء الضوء على الشاعر الشنفرى كشاعر عربي عظيم، تختتم بتحليل وتعليقات على قصيدة "لامية العرب" التي تحاول ابراز القيم العربية الأصلية، والاصيلة والأخلاق والمبادئ في عصر ما قبل الإسلام التي تحتوي عليها.
The significance of the Arabic language holds back from its being one of the most explicit languages in its brilliance and its repeated ability to adapt to countless other sciences and knowledge. The Arabic language has reached creativity and originality in different fields of literature in which the greatest is poetry.
The paper aims at scrutinizing the figurative, rhetorical and aesthetic images in Lamiyyat Al Arab by Ash-Shanfara in which it follows the deductive, inductive critical approach focusing analytically on the first ten verses of the poem. Applying the historical-analytical method, the study attempts to reveal in the in-depth analysis of the aesthetic qualities and poetic issues as well as the figurative images in the poem. It commences with an introduction on Arabia and Poetic Language then moves to shed light on the protagonist-poet Ash-Shanfara as a great Arabic poet to be concluded with analysis and comments on the poem Lamiyyat Al-Arab trying to find out the original Arab values, morals, ethics, and tenets in the pre-Islam era it contains.
A Voice of Arabs Taabbata-Sharran: A Bandit by Name a Poet of Pride - صوت من...Al Baha University
The magnitude of the Arabic language holds back from its being one of the unblemished languages in its brilliance and its reiterated capability to adapt to countless different sciences and knowledge. The Arabic language has reached creativity and ingenuity in diverse fields and genres of literature in which the supreme is poetry. This article attempts to present the inner landscapes of Taabbata-Sharran and his profession placing him in the context of both his social milieu and his age.
The paper aims at studying the figurative, allegorical and appealing images in Al-Gafiah of Taabbata-Sharran in which it follows the inferential inductive critical methodology concentrating analytically on his Al-Gafiah poem. The study attempts to divulge in the analysis the appealing qualities and poetic matters as well as the rhetorical images in it with particular reference to the first ten verse lines. The article begins with an introduction to Arabia and the Arabic Poetic Language then shifts to shed light on the poet Taabbata-Sharran as a great poet of Arabia, the center of the Arabic language. It is concluded with a brief examination and comments on the poem Al-Gafiah trying to catch on the original Arab ideals, morals, integrity, and beliefs in the pre-Islamic Epoch it contains.
Hassan ibn Thabit: An Original Arabic Tongue (2) حسان بن ثابت: لسان عربي أصيل Al Baha University
As it is suggested and recommended in the first part of a previous paper that carries the same title, this paper is a continuous effort not to claim to be wide-ranging in mastering a poetic piece as one sort of expressive manuscript in Arabic but an impartial effort through analytical assessment of a poem. The study is limited to a few selected verses of Hassan ibn Thabit poem named ‘Al Alef rhymed (قافية الألف).’ It is a representative of the Arabic tongue and its magnificence. It is a piece of poetry that cannot be examined and scrutinized in a short paper like this.
The study focuses, with analysis, on six verse lines – 17/22 – of Hassan ibn Thabit's poem mentioned above. It employs an analytical and critical method, makes an effort to illustrate the inspiration of Arabic poetry as a means of the tongue and its grandeur and glory. The study initiates with an introduction raising the importance of Arabic classical poetic tongue. Then it goes go forward to give a picture of Hassan ibn Thabit as a man and a poet. The researcher, then, shifts to the foremost segment of the study, attempting to bring an interpretation to some selected verses of Hassan’s above-mentioned long poem. The paper reaches its conclusion by a concise discussion and recommendatory afterword.
Arabic Contemporary Poetic Drama Ali Ahmed Ba Kathir A Pioneer - المسرح الشعر...Al Baha University
Many central playwrights significantly contributed to the progress and advancement of Arabic drama. They were apt to achieve dramatic illustrations in several Arabic countries all the way through ages and places. Still, this study attempts to shed light on an innovator poet-dramatist who represents many cultures and experiences. It aims at displaying the most significant features of renovation associated with the development of the modern Arabic poetic drama that employs history and social problems to present a vision for Arabic literature in the contemporary age. The researcher adopts the critical-descriptive approach in analyzing the poet-dramatist, Ali Ahmad Ba-Kathir, and two of his poetic dramas. It is mapped with an introductory overview dealing with a concise notion of drama, concentrating predominantly on poetic drama. The foremost part copes with the developer and pioneer Ali Ahmad Ba-Kathir, focusing on his thoughts and experiences in the field. The paper, then, moves ahead to deal with two verse plays as a model of his craftsmanship and mastery. After that, the study finishes with a brief argument and/or recommendations and an end.
Thu Al-Ausb’a Al-'Adwani: An Arabic Poet of Acuity with Eternal Arguments - ...Al Baha University
This document provides an overview of the Arabic poet Thu Al-Ausb'a Al-'Adwani. It discusses his life, noting he was from the powerful tribe of Adwan. The document analyzes some of Thu Al-Ausb'a's poetry, highlighting his wisdom and perspectives. It also provides context on the importance of poetry in pre-Islamic Arabic culture and how poets like Thu Al-Ausb'a helped establish classical Arabic.
The Influence of Ibrahim Khafaji as Arabic Lyric Poet - تأثير إبراهيم خفاجي: ...Al Baha University
This document summarizes the influence of Ibrahim Khafaji as an Arabic lyric poet in Saudi Arabia. It begins with an introduction to Arabic poetry as a prominent genre in ancient and modern Arabic literature. It then provides a brief overview of contemporary poetry in Saudi Arabia and its development. The document focuses on analyzing Khafaji's contributions as a significant modern Saudi poet, examining one of his poems in detail. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of Arabic poetry in recording Arab history and culture.
The Influence of the Arabic Language: The Muwashshah of Ibn Sahl Al-Andalusi ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The muwashahat were the product of the popular Arabic literary tradition, but their progress is associated with social factors in the Andalusi setting. This article is an attempt to study the inspiration of the Arabic language focusing on a literary genre like the Arabic Andalusian Muwashshah as a legacy of the graceful language. The paper constitutes an endeavor to assess the motivation and influence of the Arabic tongue on the literary practice of Andalusia with reference to the muwashshah particularly a piece of poetry of the same genre by a leading poet, Ibrahim Ibn Sahl Al-Ishbili Andalusi. The researcher, in this paper, undertakes to show the perspicacity of some verses of Ibn Sahl as a case of the elegance of the Arabic tongue. Ibn Sahl‟s muwashshah is worthy of being not given enough attention principally his poetry as a legacy of the dignified Arabic tongue in a part of the European continent.As a suitable approach, the researcher applies the descriptive-analysis. The article commences with a succinct exploratory framework on the importance of the Arabic language and its bond with poetry because poetry is thejewelry of Knowledge. The next point gives a justified illustration on the Muwashshah as an impact of Arab Muslims. Then, it moves progressively to present some crucial notions on the poet Ibn Sahl Al Andalusi. After that, the study attempts to give an analysis on one of the muwashshah, trying to probe the depth of the language the poet applied. Through this portion, the researcher tries to find out the influence of the Arabic tongue and to exemplify the aptitudes of Ibn Sahl through lyrics. The article finishes with a concise conclusion précising the complete analysis and commenting on the recommendations if the researcher may recommend.
Modern Saudi Poetry: Mohammad Hasan Awwad’s Night and Me, in Balance - الشعر ...Al Baha University
This document discusses Arabic poetry, particularly modern Saudi poetry. It begins by highlighting the importance of poetry in Arabic literature and pre-Islamic Arabian society. It then examines the development of poetry and literary movements in Saudi Arabia. The main section analyzes selected verses from the poem "Night and Me" by modern Saudi poet Mohammad Hasan Awwad, praising his rebellious style. It concludes by affirming the ongoing greatness of Arabic poetry.
Nuance, Change, Challenge and Networks in the Translation of Religious Poetry...Elizabeth Rainey
This document summarizes the challenges and processes involved in co-translating a religious poem by Emirati poet Ousha al Suwaidi from Arabic to English. It involved negotiating appropriate terminology and form through a network of Emirati actors. While an initial translation was produced, further consultation was advised. Issues around avoiding misrepresentation, respecting cultural and religious norms, and gaining necessary approvals from copyright holders and key figures emerged. The need for ongoing refinement through Emirati networks and specialists was highlighted to ensure a faithful yet accessible transmission of the original work.
The Eagle: Tennyson's Magnificence Six lines profoundly show Probing, Perpetu...Al Baha University
Irrespective of that, Winter is a short poem; however, it bears inside profound, interesting meanings and connotations. It is composed of eighteen lines at the end of the comic play Love’s Labour’s Lost. Its significance might be looked at from two sides; the first is the meaning of the natural season, winter, and how such time of year is described in this poem. The second side goes with the sort of used verse and its technique, style, and devices.
This study intends to explore the perceptions of descriptions, pictures, and metaphors behind this poem. Through an analytical and critical examination and scrutiny, the study tries to present the verse and poetic concepts that Shakespeare applied in the lines of this very short poem. The study starts with an introduction about Shakespeare, the poet, and dramatist, then critically, it comments on appreciating the profound elements of the poem. Afterward, the study moves ahead to deal with some verse elements such as rhythm, the use of meters, and other devices.
The Merits of Shakespeare's The Tempest as a Poem - إمكانية إعتبار مسرحية ’ال...Al Baha University
The Tempest is one of the greatest comic plays of the English writer William Shakespeare. The significance of this play, I feel, is not only being a drama but also poetic. This study attempts to disclose the poetic elements of the play as proof to be called a long poem. The paper is an attempt to show the formations of poetry in the play and to ascertain the dominance of verse such as blank verse in Shakespeare’s time, which was introduced in place of the rhyme, and poetic variations such as accent variation, inversion, deletion of syllables, and additional syllables.
The researcher applies the critical and analytical approach as a literary technique of the study. The paper starts with an introduction about Shakespeare and the composing of The Tempest; then, it sheds light briefly on some verse instances. Afterward, the point is shifted to illustrate the core of the study Discussion on Making Verse in which the researcher sheds light on some essential poetic elements such as blank verse, normal variations, and sporadic variations as instances proofing his arguments.
Persian and Arabic literature includes poetry and prose written in Persian and Arabic. Some of the most notable Persian poets include Firdawsi, Sa'di, Hafez, and Rumi. Omar Khayyam is famous for writing the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, a collection of quatrains about the meaning of life. Islamic literature developed during periods including the Patriarchal period, Umayyad Caliphate, and Abbasid Caliphate. Major works include the Quran, hadith, The Road of Eloquence, and The One Thousand and One Nights. Persian and Arabic literature is known for its poetry, which was an oral tradition, as well as other literary forms
The document discusses the history and genres of Persian literature from pre-Islamic to modern times. It covers major genres like poetry, short stories, and the evolution of modern Persian poetry. It summarizes the key periods in the development of Persian poetry and prose works, major poets and their contributions, as well as the transition to modern styles of writing in the 20th century.
The Contribution of Arab Muslims to the Provencal Lyrical Poetry: the Troubad...Al Baha University
This study is a historical-analytical attempt to demonstrate the influence and contribution of Arab Islamic Mawashahat and Zajal on the Provencal lyrical poets – the Troubadours that sprang in south of France during the eleventh century. The study consists of three parts in which the first part represents the main part. It sheds light on the influence of Muwashashah and Zajal on the poetry of troubadours.
The second part deals with the nature of troubadours and their relation with the poetry of Muwashashah and Zajal. It is supported with five troubadour poets. The last part goes back to the beginning of the European Renaissance in the twelfth century. The European Renaissance started in Italy decades after translations of Islamic heritage, literature and science from Arabic into Latin then from Latin to other European languages. The eighth through the eleventh centuries witnessed the glorious ages of Islamic civilization and sciences in which great portion of it was shifted to Italy during and after the crusades. Thence, different parts of Europe were enlivened with the movement of translation and multi travels and cultural exchange. One of the changing factors is poetry as a branch of literature.
1) The document summarizes a poem called "Heydar Babaya Selam" written by Mohammad Hossein Behjat Tabrizi, known as Shahriar.
2) The poem was published in 1953 in Azerbaijan as a new year's gift and became instantly popular, learning by heart among the public and spreading across Azerbaijan.
3) The poem was inspired by Shahriar's childhood memories in Azerbaijan and experiences there, and came to represent a turning point in Shahriar's career and in the literature of Azerbaijan.
1. Shayari is a form of Urdu poetry that allows people to express their deepest feelings through rhythmic words on topics like love, happiness, sadness, and friendship.
2. Shayari is composed of verses called sher that are combined into longer poems called ghazals. Each sher conveys a complete thought or feeling.
3. Shayari utilizes various poetic forms and terms to explore different emotions. Common forms include ghazals for expressing love and marsiyas for mourning important figures in history.
Arabian literature is rich and varied, consisting of poems, tales, historical accounts and philosophies. Much of the early written literature was based on oral traditions and focused on praising cultural values and the desert environment. The rise of Islam brought the written collection of the Quran and other early prose works focused on the religion. Over time, Arabic literature developed and flourished during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, with new genres like love poetry and rhymed prose emerging. The modern period saw Arabic literature decline under Ottoman rule but experience a renaissance and incorporation of Western influences as new forms like the novel and short story arose in the 20th century.
This document provides an overview of Arabic literature from its origins to modern times. It discusses how Arabic literature was produced in the Arabic language and included works from various regions. It outlines the major historical periods of Arabic literature from the 7th-21st centuries, highlighting important genres, writers, and cultural developments. Representative writers like Naguib Mahfouz, Nizar Qabbani, and Khalil Gibran are also introduced.
The Thousand and One Nights: Sources, Transformations, and Relationship with ...Encyclopaedia Iranica
This document announces a conference on "The Thousand and One Nights: Sources, Transformations, and Relationship with Literature, the Arts and the Sciences" to be held at Harvard University and the Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales in April 2015. The conference will explore the Nights' interactions with Arabic literature, Antoine Galland's 17th century French translation, the Nights' influence on world literature and other art forms, and opportunities to study the Nights through other academic disciplines. Paper proposals are invited for four panels focusing on these topics.
Amir Khusro (1253-1325 CE) was an Indian Sufi mystic, poet, and musician. He served as poet laureate for the Delhi Sultanate and wrote extensively in Hindavi, Persian, and other languages of the subcontinent. Khusro was deeply influenced by Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya and played a major role in developing and blending Indian classical music with Persian and Arabic styles. He is regarded as a pioneer of Hindustani classical music and as an iconic figure who promoted cultural unity between Hindus and Muslims in India.
Amir Khusrau was an influential 13th century Sufi poet and musician in India. He made many contributions to both music and poetry in Persian and Hindavi. He is considered the "father of Qawwali music" and introduced the ghazal style of song to India. As a poet, he wrote in many forms including ghazals, masnavis, and rubais. He compiled his poems into several Diwans over his life. Khusrau was also highly respected as a disciple of the Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya, to whom he dedicated much of his later work. He played an important role in blending musical styles of different regions. K
Why Learn Arabic?
• Arabic is the fifth most widely spoken language and is the official language of over 20 countries with well over 300 million native speakers.
• Arabic is a language with a rich literary and cultural heritage that deserves to be studied in its own right. Anyone can major in Arabic with or without prior
knowledge of the language.
• It is one of the critical languages favored by many government agencies, militaries, and companies conducting business in the Arab world.
• Arabic-speaking nations provide a fast-growing market for trade and initiatives to integrate the Arab world into the global economy with numerous potential
business opportunities now opening up. The Arab region, with its rapidly growing population, provides a huge export market for goods and services.
• Political and economic developments in the Arab world and parts of the Middle East, like the internationalisation of businesses and professions around the
world, have made understanding, speaking, reading, and writing Arabic an increasingly valuable skill.
• Taking an Arabic language course means you have the chanc
- The document provides information about the Arabian Peninsula, including its geographical boundaries and history of occupation. It was originally inhabited by the Sabaean civilization and later united under Islam in the 7th century.
- Key aspects of Islam are outlined, including the two holy mosques in Mecca and Medina, holy names like Allah and Muhammad, and the Quran and five pillars of Islam.
- An overview of pre-Islamic and classical Arabic literature is given, including poetic forms like mu'allaqat and qasidah. Prose writers such as Ibn al-Muqaffa, al-Jahiz, and al-Isfahani are discussed.
- The
1) The document discusses Indian languages and literature, beginning with an overview of the importance of understanding a culture's language and literature.
2) It then covers several important aspects of Indian languages and literature, including the role of Sanskrit as the mother of many Indian languages; the Vedas as the earliest literature; and several major works like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas, and Upanishads.
3) The Bhagavad Gita is highlighted as containing essential divine wisdom within the Mahabharata, conveying teachings on dharma, yoga, and Vedanta that remain relevant today.
Literary translation in the 21th centurysaronah1994
Literary translation involves translating works such as poetry, plays, novels and memoirs to allow people to benefit from other cultures. In the 21st century, advances in technology provide new tools to aid in translation. Some examples of novels translated to English this century include "The Cave" by Sarah Moga, "My Name is Red" by Orhan Pamuk, and "The Shadow of the Wind" by Carlos Ruiz Zafon. While accuracy was previously the goal, translation now focuses more on maintaining the overall meaning while considering aesthetics and structure.
The document discusses the development of modern Indian languages and literature. It begins by discussing the evolution of languages in northern India from Apabhramsa to forms like Braj Bhasha, Avadhi, and Khadi Boli. It then discusses the development of Urdu through interaction between settlers and local populations. Urdu became popular in the Mughal courts and produced famous poets like Ghalib. The document also discusses the growth of regional languages under the influence of the Bhakti movement and how poets like Tulsidas, Surdas, and Kabir composed devotional works that shaped culture. It traces the evolution of Hindi and contributions of various poets and saints in northern India to vernacular literature.
What is Literature?
Literature broadly is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed. Literature is a method of recording, preserving, and transmitting knowledge and entertainment, and can also have a social, psychological, spiritual, or political role.
Literature Of Jammu & Kashmir
The literature of Kashmir dates back to many centuries and it revolves mainly around three languages, Sanskrit, Persian, and Kashmiri besides Urdu, Hindi, and other languages.
Jammu Kashmir has a very rich literary history as it has contributed a lot to the field of literature and produced eminent poets and writers. Works of Kashmiri writers have been accolade internationally.
The dawn of Kashmiri literature started 2500 years back when it started with Sanskrit and other languages. However, original literature in the Kashmiri language started 750 years ago.
The literature began with the work of
three main poets: –
Srikanth
Lalla Ded
Sheikh Noor-ud-Din
ShitiKanth’s prime work Mahayana Prakash is a graceful composition.
It was written in Twelfth-Century and consists of 94 lakhs each followed by translation and explanation in Sanskrit.
The greatest poet of the Kashmiri language so far is LalDed. She is the most abiding influence on Kashmiri literature.
She and her contemporary, Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Noorani have become famous literary icons in Kashmir. People have engulfed them in a great moss of myth and legend.
Sheikh was a missionary who used poetry as a medium of individual and social reform. Another rhetorical poetess, who used to sing her own verse, was HabbaKhaatoon, the wife of Mughal Emperor Yousuf Shah Chak.
Kashmir has a rich legacy of literary writers who contributed a lot to the world of literature. The following list of poets who accolade globally and won many awards.
الوطن في شعر شعراء المملكة العربية السعودية: عبد السلام هاشم حافظ نموذج الشاع...Al Baha University
ملخص:
الشعر العربي الفصيح هو أحد اهم المرتكزات الادبية لجميع انواع الأدب في جميع البلدان والأقاليم العربية منذ عصر ما قبل الإسلام. هذه الدراسة عبارة عن محاولة لإلقاء الضوء على بعض الجوانب الأدبية للشعر العربي السعودي الحديث مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن كتوضيح لمكانة الشعر العربي السعودي الحديث في إشارة خاصة للشاعر السعودي المعاصر عبد السلام هاشم حافظ.
قد يكون من البديهي أن تطور الشعر العربي في العصر الحالي بين الشعراء والكتاب والنقاد العرب هو مقياس إيجابي، ومن الطبيعي أن يعمم الأمر والسياق نفسه عن الشعر السعودي المعاصر من حيث كونه جزء من الشعر العربي الواسع ومتطابقاً معه نظرًا لأنه يعتبر بطبيعة الحال مقياساً أساسياً ومتصل بالشعر العربي، من خلال ذلك كله يسعى الباحث إلى توضيح فِكرُ الشاعر عبد السلام هاشم حافظ في تصوير مدينته المجيدة كممثل لعشقه للوطن الكبير - المملكة العربية السعودية.
تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة موجزة عن الشعر العربي ووسيطه الأساسي المتمثل في اللغة العربية المجيدة، ثم تمضي قدماً تحليلياً لاستعراض مكانة وَمَلَكَةُ الشاعر السعودي عبد السلام هاشم حافظ، بعد ذلك، تجسد الدراسة موقفاً تحليلياً وناقداً للأربعة الابيات الأولى من قصيدة حافظ، التي تحمل عنوان ’الشوق، يا وطني‘ ، مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن كونه الموضوع الرئيس في هذه الدراسة، وتنتهي الدراسة بالتوصيات، ان جدت، ثم خاتمة موجزة.
ABSTRACT:
Classical Arabic poetry is the core of all categories of literature in all Arabic lands, territories, and realms since the age of pre-Islam. This study is an attempt to shed light on some literary facets of modern Saudi Arabic poetry focusing on the concept of homeland as an illustration of the standing of modern Saudi Arabic poetry with a particular indication to a contemporary Saudi poet, Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth. It can be right that the progress of Arabic poetry in the present age, among Arab poets, writers, and critics has a positive measure. It is true to generalize that the same would be identical to current innovative Saudi poetry given that it is naturally considered a principal, commanding, and uninterrupted measure of Arabic poetry. The researcher endeavors to illustrate the poet's intellectuality in depicting his glorious city as a representative of his adoration for the big home - the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study commences with a concise introduction. Then, it analytically moves ahead to inspect the noteworthy Saudi poet – Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth. After that, the study portrays a critical-analytical attitude to the first four-verse lines of the poem of Hafeth, ‘Nostalgia, Oh my Home’, focusing on the concept of home as its principal theme. In conclusion, the study ends with a concise assumption and recommendations.
Keywords: Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Arabic literature, Arabic poetry, home in poetry, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi poetry,
Home in the Poetry of Saudi Arabia Poets: Abdus-Salam Hafeth an Example of a ...Al Baha University
المستخلص:
تهدف هذه الدراسة، التي تحمل عنوان
" Home in the Poetry of Saudi Arabia Poets: Abdus-Salam Hafeth an Example of a Distinguished Arab (2)"،
إلى إلقاء الضوء على بعض الجوانب الأدبية في الشعر العربي السعودي الحديث، مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن كمثال على مكانة الشعر السعودي الحديث، في إشارة خاصة إلى الشاعر السعودي المعاصر عبد السلام هاشم حافظ، يسعى الباحث إلى إظهار فطنة وملكة الشاعر من خلال إبراز مدينته الرائعة، المدينة المنورة، كرمز لحبه للوطن الجلل الجليل - المملكة العربية السعودية، تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة موجزة عن الشعر العربي ولغته العربية الفصحى. ثم تعرض الدراسة صورة رمزية للشاعر السعودي المتميز عبد السلام هاشم حافظ والشعر السعودي بشكل عام، بعد ذلك، تتبنى الدراسة نهجًا تحليليًا نقديًا لمتنن الدراسة المتمثل في شرح عدد من الابيات الشعرية – من البيت الشعري الخامس الى الثامن من قصيدة حافظ، "الشوق يا وطني"، مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن باعتباره الموضوع الجوهري وكذلك التطرق الى موهبة الشاعر في استخدام اللغة العربية كلغة عظيمة وجليلة، في النهاية، ينتهي البحث بالفرضيات والتوصيات، ان وجدت.
-------
Abstract
This study aims to shed light on some literary aspects of modern Saudi Arabic poetry, focusing on the concept of homeland as an example of the standing of modern Saudi poetry, with a specific reference to a contemporary Saudi poet, Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth. The researcher seeks to show the poet's intellect by showing his gorgeous metropolis as a symbol of his love for the grand home - the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study begins with a brief introduction to Arabic poetry and its language. Then it gives a symbolic picture of the outstanding Saudi poet – Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth and Saudi poetry in general. Following that, the study takes a critical-analytical approach to the second four verse lines of Hafeth's poem, 'Nostalgia, Oh my Home,' focusing on the concept of home as its main theme as well talent of the poet in using the grand Arabic language. Eventually, the research is concluded with a short premise and comments.
Modern Saudi Poetry: Mohammad Hasan Awwad’s Night and Me, in Balance - الشعر ...Al Baha University
This document discusses Arabic poetry, particularly modern Saudi poetry. It begins by highlighting the importance of poetry in Arabic literature and pre-Islamic Arabian society. It then examines the development of poetry and literary movements in Saudi Arabia. The main section analyzes selected verses from the poem "Night and Me" by modern Saudi poet Mohammad Hasan Awwad, praising his rebellious style. It concludes by affirming the ongoing greatness of Arabic poetry.
Nuance, Change, Challenge and Networks in the Translation of Religious Poetry...Elizabeth Rainey
This document summarizes the challenges and processes involved in co-translating a religious poem by Emirati poet Ousha al Suwaidi from Arabic to English. It involved negotiating appropriate terminology and form through a network of Emirati actors. While an initial translation was produced, further consultation was advised. Issues around avoiding misrepresentation, respecting cultural and religious norms, and gaining necessary approvals from copyright holders and key figures emerged. The need for ongoing refinement through Emirati networks and specialists was highlighted to ensure a faithful yet accessible transmission of the original work.
The Eagle: Tennyson's Magnificence Six lines profoundly show Probing, Perpetu...Al Baha University
Irrespective of that, Winter is a short poem; however, it bears inside profound, interesting meanings and connotations. It is composed of eighteen lines at the end of the comic play Love’s Labour’s Lost. Its significance might be looked at from two sides; the first is the meaning of the natural season, winter, and how such time of year is described in this poem. The second side goes with the sort of used verse and its technique, style, and devices.
This study intends to explore the perceptions of descriptions, pictures, and metaphors behind this poem. Through an analytical and critical examination and scrutiny, the study tries to present the verse and poetic concepts that Shakespeare applied in the lines of this very short poem. The study starts with an introduction about Shakespeare, the poet, and dramatist, then critically, it comments on appreciating the profound elements of the poem. Afterward, the study moves ahead to deal with some verse elements such as rhythm, the use of meters, and other devices.
The Merits of Shakespeare's The Tempest as a Poem - إمكانية إعتبار مسرحية ’ال...Al Baha University
The Tempest is one of the greatest comic plays of the English writer William Shakespeare. The significance of this play, I feel, is not only being a drama but also poetic. This study attempts to disclose the poetic elements of the play as proof to be called a long poem. The paper is an attempt to show the formations of poetry in the play and to ascertain the dominance of verse such as blank verse in Shakespeare’s time, which was introduced in place of the rhyme, and poetic variations such as accent variation, inversion, deletion of syllables, and additional syllables.
The researcher applies the critical and analytical approach as a literary technique of the study. The paper starts with an introduction about Shakespeare and the composing of The Tempest; then, it sheds light briefly on some verse instances. Afterward, the point is shifted to illustrate the core of the study Discussion on Making Verse in which the researcher sheds light on some essential poetic elements such as blank verse, normal variations, and sporadic variations as instances proofing his arguments.
Persian and Arabic literature includes poetry and prose written in Persian and Arabic. Some of the most notable Persian poets include Firdawsi, Sa'di, Hafez, and Rumi. Omar Khayyam is famous for writing the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, a collection of quatrains about the meaning of life. Islamic literature developed during periods including the Patriarchal period, Umayyad Caliphate, and Abbasid Caliphate. Major works include the Quran, hadith, The Road of Eloquence, and The One Thousand and One Nights. Persian and Arabic literature is known for its poetry, which was an oral tradition, as well as other literary forms
The document discusses the history and genres of Persian literature from pre-Islamic to modern times. It covers major genres like poetry, short stories, and the evolution of modern Persian poetry. It summarizes the key periods in the development of Persian poetry and prose works, major poets and their contributions, as well as the transition to modern styles of writing in the 20th century.
The Contribution of Arab Muslims to the Provencal Lyrical Poetry: the Troubad...Al Baha University
This study is a historical-analytical attempt to demonstrate the influence and contribution of Arab Islamic Mawashahat and Zajal on the Provencal lyrical poets – the Troubadours that sprang in south of France during the eleventh century. The study consists of three parts in which the first part represents the main part. It sheds light on the influence of Muwashashah and Zajal on the poetry of troubadours.
The second part deals with the nature of troubadours and their relation with the poetry of Muwashashah and Zajal. It is supported with five troubadour poets. The last part goes back to the beginning of the European Renaissance in the twelfth century. The European Renaissance started in Italy decades after translations of Islamic heritage, literature and science from Arabic into Latin then from Latin to other European languages. The eighth through the eleventh centuries witnessed the glorious ages of Islamic civilization and sciences in which great portion of it was shifted to Italy during and after the crusades. Thence, different parts of Europe were enlivened with the movement of translation and multi travels and cultural exchange. One of the changing factors is poetry as a branch of literature.
1) The document summarizes a poem called "Heydar Babaya Selam" written by Mohammad Hossein Behjat Tabrizi, known as Shahriar.
2) The poem was published in 1953 in Azerbaijan as a new year's gift and became instantly popular, learning by heart among the public and spreading across Azerbaijan.
3) The poem was inspired by Shahriar's childhood memories in Azerbaijan and experiences there, and came to represent a turning point in Shahriar's career and in the literature of Azerbaijan.
1. Shayari is a form of Urdu poetry that allows people to express their deepest feelings through rhythmic words on topics like love, happiness, sadness, and friendship.
2. Shayari is composed of verses called sher that are combined into longer poems called ghazals. Each sher conveys a complete thought or feeling.
3. Shayari utilizes various poetic forms and terms to explore different emotions. Common forms include ghazals for expressing love and marsiyas for mourning important figures in history.
Arabian literature is rich and varied, consisting of poems, tales, historical accounts and philosophies. Much of the early written literature was based on oral traditions and focused on praising cultural values and the desert environment. The rise of Islam brought the written collection of the Quran and other early prose works focused on the religion. Over time, Arabic literature developed and flourished during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, with new genres like love poetry and rhymed prose emerging. The modern period saw Arabic literature decline under Ottoman rule but experience a renaissance and incorporation of Western influences as new forms like the novel and short story arose in the 20th century.
This document provides an overview of Arabic literature from its origins to modern times. It discusses how Arabic literature was produced in the Arabic language and included works from various regions. It outlines the major historical periods of Arabic literature from the 7th-21st centuries, highlighting important genres, writers, and cultural developments. Representative writers like Naguib Mahfouz, Nizar Qabbani, and Khalil Gibran are also introduced.
The Thousand and One Nights: Sources, Transformations, and Relationship with ...Encyclopaedia Iranica
This document announces a conference on "The Thousand and One Nights: Sources, Transformations, and Relationship with Literature, the Arts and the Sciences" to be held at Harvard University and the Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales in April 2015. The conference will explore the Nights' interactions with Arabic literature, Antoine Galland's 17th century French translation, the Nights' influence on world literature and other art forms, and opportunities to study the Nights through other academic disciplines. Paper proposals are invited for four panels focusing on these topics.
Amir Khusro (1253-1325 CE) was an Indian Sufi mystic, poet, and musician. He served as poet laureate for the Delhi Sultanate and wrote extensively in Hindavi, Persian, and other languages of the subcontinent. Khusro was deeply influenced by Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya and played a major role in developing and blending Indian classical music with Persian and Arabic styles. He is regarded as a pioneer of Hindustani classical music and as an iconic figure who promoted cultural unity between Hindus and Muslims in India.
Amir Khusrau was an influential 13th century Sufi poet and musician in India. He made many contributions to both music and poetry in Persian and Hindavi. He is considered the "father of Qawwali music" and introduced the ghazal style of song to India. As a poet, he wrote in many forms including ghazals, masnavis, and rubais. He compiled his poems into several Diwans over his life. Khusrau was also highly respected as a disciple of the Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya, to whom he dedicated much of his later work. He played an important role in blending musical styles of different regions. K
Why Learn Arabic?
• Arabic is the fifth most widely spoken language and is the official language of over 20 countries with well over 300 million native speakers.
• Arabic is a language with a rich literary and cultural heritage that deserves to be studied in its own right. Anyone can major in Arabic with or without prior
knowledge of the language.
• It is one of the critical languages favored by many government agencies, militaries, and companies conducting business in the Arab world.
• Arabic-speaking nations provide a fast-growing market for trade and initiatives to integrate the Arab world into the global economy with numerous potential
business opportunities now opening up. The Arab region, with its rapidly growing population, provides a huge export market for goods and services.
• Political and economic developments in the Arab world and parts of the Middle East, like the internationalisation of businesses and professions around the
world, have made understanding, speaking, reading, and writing Arabic an increasingly valuable skill.
• Taking an Arabic language course means you have the chanc
- The document provides information about the Arabian Peninsula, including its geographical boundaries and history of occupation. It was originally inhabited by the Sabaean civilization and later united under Islam in the 7th century.
- Key aspects of Islam are outlined, including the two holy mosques in Mecca and Medina, holy names like Allah and Muhammad, and the Quran and five pillars of Islam.
- An overview of pre-Islamic and classical Arabic literature is given, including poetic forms like mu'allaqat and qasidah. Prose writers such as Ibn al-Muqaffa, al-Jahiz, and al-Isfahani are discussed.
- The
1) The document discusses Indian languages and literature, beginning with an overview of the importance of understanding a culture's language and literature.
2) It then covers several important aspects of Indian languages and literature, including the role of Sanskrit as the mother of many Indian languages; the Vedas as the earliest literature; and several major works like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas, and Upanishads.
3) The Bhagavad Gita is highlighted as containing essential divine wisdom within the Mahabharata, conveying teachings on dharma, yoga, and Vedanta that remain relevant today.
Literary translation in the 21th centurysaronah1994
Literary translation involves translating works such as poetry, plays, novels and memoirs to allow people to benefit from other cultures. In the 21st century, advances in technology provide new tools to aid in translation. Some examples of novels translated to English this century include "The Cave" by Sarah Moga, "My Name is Red" by Orhan Pamuk, and "The Shadow of the Wind" by Carlos Ruiz Zafon. While accuracy was previously the goal, translation now focuses more on maintaining the overall meaning while considering aesthetics and structure.
The document discusses the development of modern Indian languages and literature. It begins by discussing the evolution of languages in northern India from Apabhramsa to forms like Braj Bhasha, Avadhi, and Khadi Boli. It then discusses the development of Urdu through interaction between settlers and local populations. Urdu became popular in the Mughal courts and produced famous poets like Ghalib. The document also discusses the growth of regional languages under the influence of the Bhakti movement and how poets like Tulsidas, Surdas, and Kabir composed devotional works that shaped culture. It traces the evolution of Hindi and contributions of various poets and saints in northern India to vernacular literature.
What is Literature?
Literature broadly is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose fiction, drama, and poetry. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, much of which has been transcribed. Literature is a method of recording, preserving, and transmitting knowledge and entertainment, and can also have a social, psychological, spiritual, or political role.
Literature Of Jammu & Kashmir
The literature of Kashmir dates back to many centuries and it revolves mainly around three languages, Sanskrit, Persian, and Kashmiri besides Urdu, Hindi, and other languages.
Jammu Kashmir has a very rich literary history as it has contributed a lot to the field of literature and produced eminent poets and writers. Works of Kashmiri writers have been accolade internationally.
The dawn of Kashmiri literature started 2500 years back when it started with Sanskrit and other languages. However, original literature in the Kashmiri language started 750 years ago.
The literature began with the work of
three main poets: –
Srikanth
Lalla Ded
Sheikh Noor-ud-Din
ShitiKanth’s prime work Mahayana Prakash is a graceful composition.
It was written in Twelfth-Century and consists of 94 lakhs each followed by translation and explanation in Sanskrit.
The greatest poet of the Kashmiri language so far is LalDed. She is the most abiding influence on Kashmiri literature.
She and her contemporary, Sheikh Noor-ud-Din Noorani have become famous literary icons in Kashmir. People have engulfed them in a great moss of myth and legend.
Sheikh was a missionary who used poetry as a medium of individual and social reform. Another rhetorical poetess, who used to sing her own verse, was HabbaKhaatoon, the wife of Mughal Emperor Yousuf Shah Chak.
Kashmir has a rich legacy of literary writers who contributed a lot to the world of literature. The following list of poets who accolade globally and won many awards.
الوطن في شعر شعراء المملكة العربية السعودية: عبد السلام هاشم حافظ نموذج الشاع...Al Baha University
ملخص:
الشعر العربي الفصيح هو أحد اهم المرتكزات الادبية لجميع انواع الأدب في جميع البلدان والأقاليم العربية منذ عصر ما قبل الإسلام. هذه الدراسة عبارة عن محاولة لإلقاء الضوء على بعض الجوانب الأدبية للشعر العربي السعودي الحديث مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن كتوضيح لمكانة الشعر العربي السعودي الحديث في إشارة خاصة للشاعر السعودي المعاصر عبد السلام هاشم حافظ.
قد يكون من البديهي أن تطور الشعر العربي في العصر الحالي بين الشعراء والكتاب والنقاد العرب هو مقياس إيجابي، ومن الطبيعي أن يعمم الأمر والسياق نفسه عن الشعر السعودي المعاصر من حيث كونه جزء من الشعر العربي الواسع ومتطابقاً معه نظرًا لأنه يعتبر بطبيعة الحال مقياساً أساسياً ومتصل بالشعر العربي، من خلال ذلك كله يسعى الباحث إلى توضيح فِكرُ الشاعر عبد السلام هاشم حافظ في تصوير مدينته المجيدة كممثل لعشقه للوطن الكبير - المملكة العربية السعودية.
تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة موجزة عن الشعر العربي ووسيطه الأساسي المتمثل في اللغة العربية المجيدة، ثم تمضي قدماً تحليلياً لاستعراض مكانة وَمَلَكَةُ الشاعر السعودي عبد السلام هاشم حافظ، بعد ذلك، تجسد الدراسة موقفاً تحليلياً وناقداً للأربعة الابيات الأولى من قصيدة حافظ، التي تحمل عنوان ’الشوق، يا وطني‘ ، مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن كونه الموضوع الرئيس في هذه الدراسة، وتنتهي الدراسة بالتوصيات، ان جدت، ثم خاتمة موجزة.
ABSTRACT:
Classical Arabic poetry is the core of all categories of literature in all Arabic lands, territories, and realms since the age of pre-Islam. This study is an attempt to shed light on some literary facets of modern Saudi Arabic poetry focusing on the concept of homeland as an illustration of the standing of modern Saudi Arabic poetry with a particular indication to a contemporary Saudi poet, Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth. It can be right that the progress of Arabic poetry in the present age, among Arab poets, writers, and critics has a positive measure. It is true to generalize that the same would be identical to current innovative Saudi poetry given that it is naturally considered a principal, commanding, and uninterrupted measure of Arabic poetry. The researcher endeavors to illustrate the poet's intellectuality in depicting his glorious city as a representative of his adoration for the big home - the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study commences with a concise introduction. Then, it analytically moves ahead to inspect the noteworthy Saudi poet – Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth. After that, the study portrays a critical-analytical attitude to the first four-verse lines of the poem of Hafeth, ‘Nostalgia, Oh my Home’, focusing on the concept of home as its principal theme. In conclusion, the study ends with a concise assumption and recommendations.
Keywords: Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Arabic literature, Arabic poetry, home in poetry, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi poetry,
Home in the Poetry of Saudi Arabia Poets: Abdus-Salam Hafeth an Example of a ...Al Baha University
المستخلص:
تهدف هذه الدراسة، التي تحمل عنوان
" Home in the Poetry of Saudi Arabia Poets: Abdus-Salam Hafeth an Example of a Distinguished Arab (2)"،
إلى إلقاء الضوء على بعض الجوانب الأدبية في الشعر العربي السعودي الحديث، مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن كمثال على مكانة الشعر السعودي الحديث، في إشارة خاصة إلى الشاعر السعودي المعاصر عبد السلام هاشم حافظ، يسعى الباحث إلى إظهار فطنة وملكة الشاعر من خلال إبراز مدينته الرائعة، المدينة المنورة، كرمز لحبه للوطن الجلل الجليل - المملكة العربية السعودية، تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة موجزة عن الشعر العربي ولغته العربية الفصحى. ثم تعرض الدراسة صورة رمزية للشاعر السعودي المتميز عبد السلام هاشم حافظ والشعر السعودي بشكل عام، بعد ذلك، تتبنى الدراسة نهجًا تحليليًا نقديًا لمتنن الدراسة المتمثل في شرح عدد من الابيات الشعرية – من البيت الشعري الخامس الى الثامن من قصيدة حافظ، "الشوق يا وطني"، مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن باعتباره الموضوع الجوهري وكذلك التطرق الى موهبة الشاعر في استخدام اللغة العربية كلغة عظيمة وجليلة، في النهاية، ينتهي البحث بالفرضيات والتوصيات، ان وجدت.
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Abstract
This study aims to shed light on some literary aspects of modern Saudi Arabic poetry, focusing on the concept of homeland as an example of the standing of modern Saudi poetry, with a specific reference to a contemporary Saudi poet, Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth. The researcher seeks to show the poet's intellect by showing his gorgeous metropolis as a symbol of his love for the grand home - the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study begins with a brief introduction to Arabic poetry and its language. Then it gives a symbolic picture of the outstanding Saudi poet – Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth and Saudi poetry in general. Following that, the study takes a critical-analytical approach to the second four verse lines of Hafeth's poem, 'Nostalgia, Oh my Home,' focusing on the concept of home as its main theme as well talent of the poet in using the grand Arabic language. Eventually, the research is concluded with a short premise and comments.
MODERN SAUDI POETRY: MOHAMMAD HASAN AWWAD’S NIGHT AND ME, IN BALANCE - الشعر ...Al Baha University
الشعر العربي هو جوهر كل الأنواع الأدبية في جميع الدول العربية، وتناغما مع هذا التعميم، من المنطقي أن يكون تطور الشعر في العصر الحديث، بين جميع العرب، يعتبر مدلول ومقياس إيجابي. بناء على هذا البرهان، يمكن القول بنفس المقياس على الأدب السعودي الحديث باعتباره جزءًا جوهرياً مكمل للشعر العربي. حاول الباحث في هذا البحث تبين بعض الجوانب والنقاط الأدبية للشعر العربي الحديث في المملكة العربية السعودية كنموذج على سمو الشعر العربي، مع استشهاد خاص بشاعر سعودي معاصر، وتبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة عن الشعر العربي في الجزيرة العربية. في الجزء الأول من الدراسة، يشير الباحث إلى أهمية الشعر العربي كأحد الأنواع الأدبية العربية، أما الجزء الثاني فيتناول الشعر والحركة الأدبية في المملكة العربية السعودية باعتباره المحور الرئيسي للدراسة، بعد ذلك ، تتقدم المهمة للتعامل مع نموذج الشعر العربي الحديث في المملكة، ومن ثمَ ينتقل البحث للتعامل مع نموذج ومثال للشعر العربي الحديث في المملكة، وهو محمد حسن عواد كشاعر ثائر معاصر وصاحب شعر صارخ، ثم يلقي الباحث الضوء على عدد من الأبيات المختارة لإحدى قصائد عوّاد ’أنا والليل‘، ولتي يتناولها الباحث تحليلاً ونقداً، وتنتهي الدراسة بمناقشة وخاتمة موجزة. الكلمات المفتاحية: الأدب العربي، الحداثة، الشعر العربي، الشعر الحر، سمو، المملكة العربية السعودية
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Arabic poetry is the heart of all types of literature in all Arabic realms. Consistent with this generalization, it can be right that the development of poetry in the modern age, among Arabs, is a positive measure. In that argument, the same would be focused on modern Saudi literature since it is typically considered a central, authoritative, and undivided part of Arabic poetry. In this paper, the researcher has attempted to illustrate some literary aspects of modern Arabic poetry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as an instance of the greatness of Arabic poetry with a particular reference to a contemporary Saudi poet. The study starts with an introduction to the condition of poetry in Arabia. In the first section of the study, the researcher points up the importance of Arabic poetry as an Arabic literature genre. The second section deals with poetry and literary movement in Saudi Arabia as the central section of the investigation. After that, the task moves ahead to deal with a model of modern Arabic poetry in the kingdom, Mohammad Hasan Awwad, a modernized rebellious poet with stark poetry, then the researcher, analytically and critically, sheds light on some selected verses of one of the poems of Awwad, Night and Me. The study finishes with a discussion and a brief conclusion. Keywords: Arabic literature, Arabic poetry, free verse, greatness, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, modernism.
Hook Arabic poetry is more than 1500 years old. It existed befo.docxsalmonpybus
Hook:
Arabic poetry is more than 1500 years old. It existed before Islam which is 1444 years old.
(Margoliouth,1)
Background:
Arabs use poetry as a type of communication, expressing opinions, emotions and ideas.
(Margoliouth,1). In this paper I will be discussing the political and the social affect of Arabic poetry in the eras of Pre Islam, after Islam and after the western interaction. Each era has its own features, genres and subjects of poetry. However, they all share the same purpose and effect over the political and social situation of the region.
Thesis statement: Comment by Ju-A Hwang: What you wrote here is not a thesis statement. It's rather a hook with brief background information. What's your stance on this topic? As you learned in this class, the thesis statement should be the answer to your research question.
Write one or two sentences in a "statement", not in a question format.
On one hand, no doubt that Arabic culture has poetry as a part of its structure especially when poets need their voices to reach to the authorities and people when it comes to sharing their political opinions and conflicts as well as the social situations between them. On the other hand, this practice carries weight over time and can become into generational long-lived arguments. In this paper I will be arguing the fact that this way of communication was pretty effective and enriched the culture and the society significantly even though it went though some turning points that caused it structural changes that didn’t change its meaningful purpose.
Research question:
How did Arabic poetry influence the social and political situations in the eras of pre, after Islam and the Western imperialism?
Counter argument:
Opposing argument: Arabic literature has been transmitted verbally from mouth to mouth which makes it an unreliable source of information (Monroe,3).
Concession: It’s right that the poetries and literature in general has been delivered for us from one mouth to another which makes it a doubtful source to depend on but with then most of our humanity's history was delivered to us verbally which leads to that we don’t have any history before writing.
Refutation: Arabic poetry has a specific structure to be written in which every chosen word is structured based on its letters and number of syllabus and there is a whole science behind this called Arud. In other words, it’s hard for someone to change or update a poetry into new words or meanings because it must be weighed in a specific way that I will discuss more in the first draft. (Ziadeh ,1).
Main idea 1:
Arabic poetry started before the beginning of Islam, and it used to be written about different topics than modern poetry such as wisdom and social situations and there are some evidence for its existence during that period in which we know for sure when the very beginning of it was. (Dover, 42).
Evidence 1:
Arabs used to have the greatest poems the seven
Mu'.
At The Threshold Of World Literature Ahmad ShawqiAshley Carter
Ahmad Shawqi was the most celebrated Arabic poet of the early 20th century in Egypt and other Arab countries, achieving fame and the title of "prince of the poets" through his neoclassical poems composed in classical Arabic styles for the Egyptian public sphere and Khedival court. However, Shawqi's adherence to traditional poetic forms led younger poets to launch a critical campaign against him, initiating a major literary confrontation over the value of his poetry and the future of Arabic letters. The controversy surrounding Shawqi highlights his position at the threshold of world literature, as his nationalizing project for Arabic poetry prevented it from fully
Famous Arabic Literature and its Impact on Arabic Language Learningabdulshaikh5253
Arabic literature boasts a rich and diverse heritage that spans centuries, encompassing a wide range of genres, themes, and styles. From poetry to novels, Arabic literature has captivated readers around the world with its eloquence, depth, and cultural significance
This document summarizes a research article analyzing the influence of the medieval Persian poet Hafiz on modern Iranian society and culture. It discusses how Hafiz's poetry has been deeply influential in Iran for centuries, viewed as encapsulating Iran's national spirit. It explores how Hafiz remains profoundly meaningful to Iranians of all backgrounds due to his symbolic and enigmatic language allowing for varied interpretations. The consistency of Persian literature and culture, including the ongoing prominence of Hafiz's works, has provided stability throughout Iran's history amid political changes.
Preserving Heritage: The Role of Arabic Literature in Cultural Identityabdulshaikh5253
Arabic literature stands as a testament to the enduring richness and depth of the Arab world's cultural heritage. Spanning centuries of history, Arabic literature has served as a reservoir of wisdom, creativity, and imagination, offering insights into the diverse experiences, values, and aspirations of Arab societies.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula by land area. It was founded in 1932 by King Abdulaziz. Saudi Arabia has a high income economy and is one of the most powerful countries in the world due to its large oil exports. [END SUMMARY]
This study tries to highlight the historical development of Arabic throughout the centuries. It also presents some linguistic characteristics of Arabic with a slight comparison to Sana’ani Yemen Dialect. In addition, the study presents the diglossic situation of Arabic through discussing the social role played by both Modern Standard Arabic (henceforth MSA) and the different Arabic dialects in the Arab societies as well as the relationship between diglossia and education. Historically, the study shows that Arabic has been undergone different stages of development and progress over the centuries and the advent of Islam marks the real occurrence of Arabic as a standard language through the revelation of the Holy Quran which was revealed in Arabic. Such a remarkable turning point immensely contributed to transmitting Arabic from the unknown side of the history to be a world language. On the other hand, Arabic has unique linguistic characteristics which make it a distinctive language. Moreover, Arabic shares with other Semitic languages the root of pattern morphology which functions as a generator of Arabic words.
This document provides an overview of the historic development and sociolinguistic characteristics of the Arabic language. It discusses how Arabic evolved from a minor Semitic language spoken only in the Arabian Peninsula to becoming a major world language after the rise of Islam in the 7th century. The advent of Islam and revelation of the Quran in Arabic marked a turning point that standardized Arabic and facilitated its spread. The document also examines the diglossic situation in Arabic societies, where Modern Standard Arabic exists alongside various regional dialects for different social functions.
This document analyzes the poem "Heydar Babaya Salam" by Muhammad Hussein Shahriar. It discusses how the poem reflects both mythical and folklore elements of the poet's world. While written in a literary form, the poem draws heavily from folklore in its language, style, and content. The poem became hugely popular and helped establish Shahriar's reputation as a poet writing in the native Azerbaijani language. It is seen as exemplifying his skill in adapting folklore traditions to modern poetry.
This document provides an overview of Arabian and Persian literature. It discusses:
1. The origins and development of Arabic literature from pre-Islamic poetry to its golden age during the Abbasid period.
2. The major genres and forms of Arabic literature including poetry, prose, and anthologies. Famous works mentioned are the Mu'allaqat and Maqamat.
3. The decline after the fall of Baghdad but continued historical and biographical writings.
4. The modern renaissance period beginning in the late 19th century with educational and intellectual reforms.
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The Study of Parallels in the Development of Persian and Russian Folklore
Vitaly N.Suprunenko & Julia P. Drobatuhina,
Methodological Department for the School Program, LLC "Sun School", Russian Federation
The present paper addresses the interrelation between folklore and literature in Iran and Russia in different periods of their cultural evolution, and identifies the commonalities and peculiarities of this development. The study of the interaction between Persian folklore and classical literature in the age of Persia's Islamization, has led to the hypothesis of similar processes taking place in the development of oral tradition in Russia. Using historical and typological research methods, this study refers to the Russian folklore of the 20th century and presents a contrastive-comparative analysis of small genres in the oral tradition, literature and their sources in folklore. Moreover, it calls attention to the specific features of new genres which are derived from the existing («classical») genres, and looks into the prospects for their further existence and research. Considering the experience of classical Persian literature and folklore this research identifies a number of identical features in the oral tradition of both countries, as well as common factors impacting the emergence of new genres in the so-called «post-folklore» in Russia. In this regard, it is necessary to draw attention to the specifics of West Asian culture: the common inherent features in the human worldview that clearly manifested in folklore. The knowledge of folklore and history of Iran would help the Russian citizens to bring the cultures closer together, to understand the worldviews of Iranian and Tajik people, to form new relationships with representatives of other nations in a multicultural world.
Keywords: Persian folklore, Russian folklore; Islamization of literature; folklorization of literary texts; Iranian and Russian cultural cooperation
The Seventh International Conference on Languages, Linguistics, Translation and Literature
11-12 June 2022 , Ahwaz
For more information, please visit the conference website:
WWW.LLLD.IR
Educational system in the Time of the ProphetMuQeet
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Sana Amro MA Dissertatation 19 Jan 2016 (5)sana amro
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Similar to Mua'llagat Zohayr ibn Abi Solma: Elegant Piece of Arabic Poetry (1) - معلقة زهير بن ابي سلمى: قطعة أنيقة من الشعر العربي (1) (20)
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تعتبر مسرحية ’الكلب المتنكر تحت الجلد‘ هي أولى المسرحيات التي اشترك في تأليفها كل من ’ويستن هيو اُودن‘ (Wystan Hugh Auden) و ’كريستوفر إيشروود‘ (Christopher Isherwood)، وهذه المسرحية تعتبر مسرحية شعرية تُحدِث لدى المؤلفين تحدٍ من أجل النجاح لسببين؛ الأول كون هذه المسرحية تكتب شعراً، والسبب الثاني كونها مشتركة في التأليف وما يصاحب ذلك من صعوبة، الدراسة من خلال الشريكين في التأليف، تحاول أن تعرض إلى أي حد استطاعا إنجاز نوع من النجاح في تعاملهما مع مسرحيةٍ شعريةٍ، الدراسة أيضاً تسعى إلى اقتفاء الخصائص الشعرية في مسرحية ’الكلب المتنكر تحت الجلد‘ وتسعى إلى التحقق من القدرة والامكانية في تأليف مسرحية شعرية بالمشاركة، ويتخذ هذا البحث طابع الدراسة التحليلية النقدية كنهج حول مسرحية اشترك في تأليفها كل من ’إيشروود و اُودن‘.
هذه الدراسة تتعقب بإيجاز نشأة وتطور المسرح الشعري منذ نشأته حتى القرن العشرين مروراً بنوعية التعاون في التأليف بين ’إيشروود و اُودن‘، وتُختَتَم في جزئها الرئيسي باستنباط وتحليل الخصائص والعناصر الشعرية في مسرحية ’الكلب المتنكر تحت الجلد‘.
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This study is an investigative method on Thomas Stearns Eliot’s multipart theatrical development and progress in the use of a very ancient dramatic technique. It is the implementation of the chorus in his dramas. The paper is an attempt to shed light on the way Eliot employs the technique of the chorus into his plays. The study tries to track the procedure of Eliot in applying the chorus in his plays, tracing the development he reached with particular reference to The Rock and Murder in the Cathedral as Case in Point and as an imitation of the ancient Greek style and device. It equally, sheds light on the traditional Greek dramas from which Eliot hunted his themes. The study -analytically and critically – starts with an introduction on Eliot and his theory on the chorus. Then the task moves ahead to deal with the usage of the chorus in The Rock. After that, the work shifts to the second point that investigates the play Murder in the Cathedral and to be followed by the conclusion.
Milton’s Samson Agonistes: A Renaissance Image of Man - مسرحية شمشون اقونيستس...Al Baha University
جون ميلتون يعتبر شاعرا اكثر من كونه كاتب مسرحي، لهذا السبب فان شعره قد اخذ حيزا كبيرا من الدراسة والتمحيص والتحليل و/أو النقد لكن لم يعطى ذلك الاهتمام في مسرحيته، تحاول هذه الدراسة إلقاء الضوء على "سامسون اقونيستس" لميلتون كمسرحية أكثر من كونها قصيدة شعرية، الدراسة تستخدم النهج التحليلي والفلسفي والأدبي لأحد أبرز الشخصيات الأدبية في العصر التطهيري البيروتاني، جون ميلتون ومسرحيته "سامسون اقونيستس" كصورة أو مفهوم رجل عصر النهضة التي كثيرون ينسبون ارتباط ميلتون كأخر شخصية ادبية لهذا العصر، يستهل البحث بموضوع المعرفة – سواء المعرفة السماوية أو البشرية (من وجهة نظر ميلتون) وردة فعل الانسان فيما يتعلق بتلك المعرفة، الدراسة تحاول في هدفها ان تؤكد وتبرز النقائص المألوفة و اللافتة للنظر مثل المعاناة وسوء الحظ، الزوجة الغير ملائمة، المهمة الفاشلة والورطة بين كل من ميلتون وبطل مسرحيته، "سامسون".
الدراسة هي عبارة عن عملية تتبعيه لعصر "ميلتون" وأفكاره المعكوسة في مسرحيته " سامسون اقونيستس"، تحاول الدراسة إلقاء الضوء على كيفية توظيف ميلتون تقنياته الأدبية النابغة في المسرحية الشعرية قيد الدراسة، تستهل الدراسة بمقدمة متبوعة بالفقرة الأولى مفهوم رجل عصر النهضة ثم تتطرق الى معاينة المعاناة وسوء الحظ وبعد ذلك يتبع بوصف لمرئيات ميلتون نفسه حول المرأة كنتيجة لبغضه زوجته التي لم تعش معه، في القسم التالي تتبع تحليلي لمفاهيم المهمة الفاشلة والمأزق المصور في ذهن ميلتون عن نفسه وبطل مسرحيته.
John Milton is a poet more than a dramatist, hence, his poetry is plentifully studied, examined, analyzed, and/or criticized but his drama is sparsely done. This study tries to shed light on Samson Agonistes as drama. It is an analytical, philosophical and literary approach of one important figure in The Puritan age, John Milton, and his play as an image of the Renaissance man. The study takes up the theme of knowledge—divine or human knowledge and man’s reaction apropos that. The current study tries in its aim to highlight the frequent remarkable demerits such as misfortunes and suffering, unfortunate wife, unsuccessful mission, and plight between Milton and Samson. It is a pursuing process for Milton's age, and thoughts reflected in his work, Samson Agonistes. The study also attempts to shed light on how Milton employs his genius literary techniques in this verse play. The study starts with an introduction followed by the concept of the Renaissance man. The paper deals with views of misfortunes and suffering thereafter, it depicts Milton’s views concerning women as a result of his hatred to his wife. The research pursues analytically the concepts of ineffective mission, and plight imaged by Milton about himself and Samson, his main character of the play.
Eliot’s Treatment of the Chorus: A Steady Logical Structure (2) The Family Re...Al Baha University
This study is a follow up investigative method on T. S. Eliot’s complex theatrical growth and progress in the handling of a very ancient dramatic technique. It is the functioning of the chorus in his dramas. The study is a continuous attempt to shed light on the means Eliot employs the technique of the chorus into his dramas. The study tries to track the procedure of Eliot in employing the chorus in his plays, tracing the development he reached with particular reference to The Family Reunion and The Cocktail Party as Case in Point and comparing Eliot’s imitation of the ancient Greek technique and device in these two plays. The study – analytically and critically – commences with an introduction on Eliot and his theory on the importance of the chorus. Then the task moves ahead to manage and analyze the usage of the chorus in The Family Reunion. Subsequently, the work shifts to the second point that investigates the play The Cocktail Party and to be followed by a conclusion.
Milton’s On His Blindness: Eye Sight or Heart Vision - ’حول قصيدة ميلتون في ا...Al Baha University
John Milton, in his Sonnet 16 'On his Blindness,' meditates on the disturbing effect blindness has had on his whole life and literary works. He compares his lost vision with 'light spent' and grieves not the handicap in itself but the restrictions it carries out on his work as a literary figure, particularly a poet. His poetic skill is significant to him that he describes it as that one talent,' signifying it is the only talent that is of importance.
This study is an attempt to analyze the concepts of blindness, sight, light, vision, and obedience with particular reference to his poem, sonnet 18 or 'On his blindness.' It starts with an introduction to John Milton as a poet. After that, it shifts to discuss the concept of Vision or Sight. Then, the study goes on to deal with the concept of obedience. Next, it sheds light on the concepts of Blindness and Light. Afterward, the task moves to close with a conclusion. In this paper, the researcher applies the critical-analytical approach.
Eliot’s Treatment of the Chorus: A Steady Logical Structure (3) The Confident...Al Baha University
This study is a scrutiny investigative approach on T. S. Eliot’s complex dramaturgical development and progress in the implementation of a very olden dramatic practice. It is the operational of the chorus in Eliot’s verse dramas. This analysis is the third continuous effort to track the treatment that he employs in dealing with the chorus from antiquity to a modern approach. The study tries to pursue the procedure of Eliot in using the chorus in his dramas, tracing the progress Eliot reached with particular reference to his two final plays The Confidential Clerk and The Elder Statesman as Case in Point. The study uses descriptive-analytical and critical methodology. It begins with a brief outline of Eliot and his theoretical views on the merits and demerits of the chorus in drama. Then the task moves ahead to examine and analyze Eliot's usage of the chorus in The Confidential Clerk. Later, the work moves to the next part that explores the play The Elder Statesman. The study ends with discussion, conclusion, and recommendations if there is any.
الملك لير والمهرج لشكسبير: تبادل الأدوار - Shakespeare’s King Lear and the Fo...Al Baha University
السلوك الطبيعي والمقبول هو أن أي الملك يفترض أن يسلك سلوك الملوك وفي المقابل فالمهرج، من الطبيعي أن يظهر من سلوكه نوع من السذاجة والحمق والفكاهة، لكن الفكرة في مسرحية ’الملك لير‘ King Lear لوليام شكسبير معكوسة، كقارئ للمسرحية، أعتقد أن ’لير‘ هو الملك ويفترض أن يتصرف كملك يتمثل المسئولية والواجب وفقاً لمنصبه، من المتوقع أن يكون سلوك المهرج ينم عن أنشطة فكاهية ومسلية.
تهدف هذه الدراسة، في محاولة، لسبر غور مفهوم ’انعدام العقلانية‘ ومقابلها ’الحكمة‘ من أجل إظهار الأدوار العميقة المقلوبة للشخصيتين الرئيسيتين ’لير‘ و’المهرج‘؛ يُعنى بالدراسة إيضاح السلوك الهزلي الفكاهي في شخصية الملك ’لير‘ وفي المقابل إبراز السلوك الحكيم والمتبصر لدى شخصية ’المهرج‘ من خلال إتباع المنهج التحليلي الناقد.
الدراسة تُستهلُ بمقدمةِ موجزةِ عن شكسبير وعن مسرحيتهِ ’الملك لير، King Lear، ثم تقومُ الدراسةُ في الجزءِ الرئيسي الأول بالتعليقِ تحليلياً عن سلوكياتِ ’لير‘ كشخصيةٍ هزليةٍ تمزجُ بين السخريةِ والتصرفِ الغير ملائم، ثم تُتبعُ بالجزءِ الرئيسي الثاني الذي يَتمحورُ حولَ أوجه الحكمة في سلوكيات شخصية ’المهرج‘، ومن ثم تنتهي بخاتمةٍ موجزةٍ.
The natural and accepted behavior is that a king should behave like a king. In a different way, a fool might show the conduct of a comedian or a silly person, but the notion in Shakespeare’s King Lear can be seen reversing. As a reader of the play, I believe that Lear is a king and should show responsibility and obligation according to his title. It is expected that the Fool behaves with amusing and humorous activities.
This study aims to explore the concepts of ‘irrationality’ and its conflicting ‘wisdom’ to illustrate the profound inverted roles of the two major characters ‘Lear and the Fool’. Through an analytical and critical examination, the study is meant to expose the comic conducts of King Lear and on the other side, the wisdom sides of the Fool.
The paper starts with an introduction about Shakespeare and the sources of the play, then analytically comments, in its first central part, on the behavior of Lear as a comic person mixing hilarity and inconvenient conduct. It is followed by the second central part which deals with the aspects of wisdom in the behavior of the Fool. Then the paper ends with a concise conclusion.
Emily Dickinson's I Died for Beauty: Saying too Much Using Few Terminologies ...Al Baha University
Emily Dickinson had a distinct talent for capturing the core of an event or emotion in her written expression. She is likened to a genius. She wrote hundreds of well-defined poems. This study attempts to spur the depth of one of the resounding poems, ‘I Died for Beauty.’ The paper tries to prove the greatness of the poem, Dickinson, in revealing too much using few words. The study starts with an introduction about the poet, then shifts to the next main point – critical-analytical description of the three-stanza poem, illustrating its style, themes, symbols, and the study ends with a brief conclusion and recommendation if there is any.
Critical Reflections on Frost’s The Road Not Taken - تأملات ناقدة حول قصيدة ف...Al Baha University
This document appears to be the cover of an academic journal on social sciences published by the Arab Center for Democracy and Strategic Studies in Berlin, Germany. It lists the editorial board which includes professors and researchers from Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Sudan, Palestine and Libya. It states that the journal publishes peer-reviewed original research papers in Arabic, English and French on topics related to social sciences. It provides instructions that submitted works must be original and unpublished elsewhere, and authors must confirm that the content is their own work.
Contemporary Drama in the Arab World: Commencement and Evolution (1) المسرح ا...Al Baha University
Drama has echoed and paralleled the life, customs, conduct, and general living traditions of society from its dim commencements on the ancient auditoriums and the banks of the Nile in olden Egypt approximately six thousand years ago. Drama is an advanced and simple means of recording and documenting human effort. There are many central playwrights significantly contributed to the progress and evolution of Arabic drama and theater and tended to perform dramatic representations within many Arabic countries throughout time and place.
This study is an attempt to shed light on two pioneer dramatists who were the first innovators, paving the way for the development of Arabic drama and theater. The first is the Lebanese Marun An-Naqqash, and the second is the Syrian Ahmad Abu Khalil Al-Qabbani. The paper is analytically and critically charted with an introduction. Then, it deals with a brief notion on the meaning of drama, focusing mainly on poetic drama and the origin and development of Arabic Drama. The central part copes with the two pioneers, An-Naqqash, and Al-Qabbani, shedding light on the struggle they made to give life to a very famous genre called drama. The paper reaches the end with a brief conclusion and recommendations if any.
The Conflict of Virtue and Corruption in Shaw's Major Barbara: A Perspective ...Al Baha University
This study focuses on analyzing the conflict between good and evil, and to ascertain the importance of justice and rights in society through a crucial factor that touches all people – poverty and wealth. It aims to detect the measure of the Islamic hints of George Bernard Shaw with particular reference to one of his great plays, Major Barbara, which focused on economy, money, and poverty. The paper begins with a general introduction about some social and dramatic philosophical indications of George Bernard Shaw. After that, it shifts to shed light on (1) the perspective of the dramatist, Bernard Shaw, on the contrastive concept of Good against Evil and (2) the analysis on the central part of the study illustrating the perspectives of the play. Then the paper ends with a summary of the results and a discussion of the study to be followed by the conclusion. The study applies the deductive, critical, and analytical approach as a suitable method of literary research.
Plath's Mirror a Reflection of her Life - قصيدة المرآة لبلاث انعكاس لحياتهاAl Baha University
This document lists the names and affiliations of members of the board of directors and advisory board of the Democratic Arabic Center in Germany. It includes 17 names with their academic titles and affiliations listed as universities and research centers in countries including Algeria, Morocco, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran and others.
Ibn Duufayl’s Hayy ibn Yaqthan A Mission for Certainty - حيُ بن يقظان لابن طف...Al Baha University
This document appears to be the table of contents or editorial board for an academic journal on social sciences and strategic studies published by the Arab Center for Democracy and Strategic Studies in Berlin, Germany. It lists over 50 names, their academic affiliations and countries, who seem to make up the journal's editorial board and scientific committee. The journal is titled "International Scientific Refereed Social Sciences Periodical" and is issue number 19 published in June 2021.
The Elder Statesman: Eliot’s Ultimate Modernity - رجل الدولة العجوز: حداثة إل...Al Baha University
في مقالاته وكتاباته النقدية، كان T. S. Eliot مهتماً بإمكانية كتابة مسرحيات شعرية للجمهور المعاصر، هذه الدراسة هي محاولة لتقصي قدرة ونجاح إليوت في التعامل مع اللغة بأسلوب حديث في كتابة مسرحية ’رجل الدولة العجوز‘ للقراء والمشاهدين المعاصرين، تتلمس الدراسة قدرة الشاعر والكاتب المسرحي T. S. Eliot في التلاعب بالتقنيات اللفظية اللازمة لكتابة لمسرحية الحديثة والهامة للمتفرجين والقراء في العصر الحديث والاستشهاد بمسرحية ’رجل الدولة العجوز‘ The Elder Statesman، لأن هذه المسرحية هي آخر مسرحية أنتجها T. S. Eliot، يحاول الباحث، من خلالها، تسليط الضوء على قدرة T. S. Eliot في ابتكار أسلوب وخطاب غزير في معناه، والذي يجعل المسرحية ذات طبيعة تلقائية عند الأشخاص المعاصرين، تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة عامة موجزة عن T. S. Eliot، يتبعها تحليل وصفي ناقد للمسرحية والذي يركز في الغالب على الأسلوب الحديث الذي اعتمده الكاتب المسرحي وعلى وجه الخصوص تعامله مع اللغة، ثم يتبع ذلك مناقشة موجزة للباحث، وتختتم الدراسة بخاتمة تحليلية نقدية. In his critical essays and reviews, T. S. Eliot was preoccupied with the possibility of writing poetic plays for contemporary audiences. This study is an attempt to disclose, to what extent, Eliot succeeded in using modern language and style in The Elder Statesman to contemporary readers and audiences. The study touches on the ability of Eliot in manipulating techniques necessary for modern theatre and modern spectators/readers with reference to The Elder Statesman. Because this play is the last one that Eliot produced, the researcher tries to shed light on the ability of Eliot in creating a style and profuse speech, making the play spontaneous to the contemporary people. It begins with a brief general introduction about T. S. Eliot, to be followed by a descriptive-critical analysis of the play focusing mostly on the modern style the dramatist adopted particularly the language, and then a brief discussion follows. The study is concluded with a critical-analytical conclusion.
Considerations on W. B. Yeats's ailing to Byzantium - تأملات أدبية في قصيدة ’...Al Baha University
Yeats’s poem, Sailing to Byzantium, is a prominent poem about the contrastive relationship between youth and aged people. It is a speculative piece of poetry that might sanction critics to profoundly contemplate the various contrasts in life between the natural elements and the symbolical elements. The poem Sailing to Byzantium is constructed in reality, though it has to relocate outside reality to afford an element of a life that is sovereign of the other.
The study intends to review the depth of some essential contrastive themes of Sailing to Byzantium such as youth, age, death, nature, abstraction, and art. The paper starts with a brief introduction, and then to be followed by a section about the poet W. B. Yeats. It moves ahead to reconnoiter the scope of the mentioned important themes in the poem, Sailing to Byzantium. After that, the study's process shifts to the section of discussion and then a brief conclusion. In this literary task, the researcher employs the descriptive-critical-analytical maneuver.
الملخص:
قصيدة ’ييتس‘ الإبحار الى بيزنطة‘ تعتبر قصيدة بارزة عن العلاقة التباينية بين فئة الشباب وبين المعمرين من الناس، إنها قطعة شعرية تأملية والتي تتيح للنقاد التمعن بعمق حول التناقضات المختلفة في الحياة – بين العناصر الطبيعية والعناصر الرمزية، قصيدة ’الإبحار الى بيزنطة‘ بناها الشاعر على وقائع حقيقة، وبرغم ذلك فيمكن بنائها خارج نطاق الواقع لتُقدم عُنصرً من عناصرِ الحياةِ والذي يمكن اعتباره أسمى من الآخر.
تهدف الدراسة إلى استعراض عمق عدد من الموضوعات الأساسية والمتناقضة في قصيدة ’الإبحار إلى بيزنطة‘ مثل الشباب، العمر، الموت، الطبيعة، التجريد والفن، حيث تبدأ الورقة بمقدمة موجزة ، ثم تُتبع بجزئية عن الشاعر وليام بتلر ييتس (W. B. Yeats)، ومِن ثمَ تمضي الدراسة قدماً لاستكشاف نطاق الموضوعات المهمة والمستوحاة من قصيدة ’الإبحار إلى بيزنطة‘، وبعد ذلك تتحول عملية الدراسة والتحليل الى جزئية المناقشة، والتي تُتبع بخاتمة موجزة، في هذه العمل البحثي، يستخدم الباحث منهج الوصف والنقد والتحليل.
Murder in the Cathedral is the first complete play written by T. S. Eliot which deals with an ancient and medieval theme and a plot of the twelfth century. The story was written by poet-dramatists as Tennyson with his play named Becket and Christopher Fry who wrote Curtmantle, both wrote the story of Thomas Becket but such plays were not successful in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries because the authors used a language too far remote from their own time.
This study attempts to show the challenges faced T. S. Eliot in writing an ancient anecdote with a modern and contemporary language for contemporary people. The research is an analytical and critical attempt that tries to display, to what extent, Eliot thrived in writing the play in a language close to the language of his own people. It comprises an introduction shedding light on the historical background then is followed by critical and analytical views on the events of the play presenting first the events before the action. The process shifts to the next part illustrating the action, focusing on the use of language of the play, with special focus on the structure and style.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Mua'llagat Zohayr ibn Abi Solma: Elegant Piece of Arabic Poetry (1) - معلقة زهير بن ابي سلمى: قطعة أنيقة من الشعر العربي (1)
1. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 1, March, 2021
Dahami & Ghamdi, P.No. 1-11 Page 1
MUA'LLAGAT ZOHAYR IBN ABI SOLMA: ELEGANT PIECE
OF ARABIC POETRY (1)
Yahya Saleh Hasan Dahami1
& Abdullah Al Ghamdi2
1
Associate Professor, English Department –Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Mandaq – Al Baha
University, KSA
Previously: at Faculty of Languages and Human Sciences, Future University – Sana'a Yemen
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Foreign Languages (English) – Faculty of Arts and Humanities –
Al Baha University, Al Baha, KSA
___________________________________________________________________________
*Corresponding Author: Yahya Saleh Hasan Dahami
Corresponding Author Email: dahami02@gmail.com
Article Received: 23-02-21 Accepted: 13-03-21 Published: 30-03-21
Licensing Details: Author retains the right of this article. The article is distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 License
(http://www.creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use,
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___________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Zohayr ibn Abi Solma is identified as an eminent poet who produced poetry distinguished
with preeminence in courtly and virtuous love. The study employs an analytical and critical
methodology, attempting to elucidate the influence of virtuous love narrated by the poet in the
first verse lines of his great Mua'llagah. It commences with a terse introductory synopsis
shedding light on the importance of classical Arabic and its involvement with poetry.
The paper attempts to prove, via the poetry of Zohayr ibn Abi Solma, the greatness of the
Arabic classical poetry and demonstrate the aptitudes of the poet through his Mua'llagah. It is
divided into four main parts. The first part deals with the greatness of the Arabic language
then it moves to the second section that focuses on Arabic Poetry: Treasure of Wisdom. The
third one sheds light on the poet's 'The Man and the Poet', and the last main part goes with an
analytical and critical endeavor of the first ten verse lines of Al-Mua'llagah of Zohayr. It
comes to an end with a conclusion.
Keywords: Arabic Literature, Arabic Poetry, Courtly Love Poetry, Courteous Arabic Poetry,
Umm Awfa, Virtuous Poetry.
OPEN ACCESS
International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences
P-ISSN: 2706-9176, E-ISSN: 2706-9184
Volume 3, Issue 1, P.No. 1-11, March, 2021
DOI: 10.51594/ijarss.v3i1.208
Fair East Publishers
Journal Homepage: www.fepbl.com/index.php/ijarss
2. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 1, March, 2021
Dahami & Ghamdi, P.No. 1-11 Page 2
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INTRODUCTION
The Classical Arabic Language
The classical Arabic tongue is one of the foremost languages in the globe with its gorgeous literary
conventions, practices, and customs. The position of the classical Arabic reflects the amount of Arabic
talkers. It echoes the place that it has dominated and captured the history of the Arabic world as well
as the substantial role it has enacted in ancient times and today in the evolution of the Arabic and
Islamic world. Arabic is the language in which the elaborate, creative, and varied cultures are
protected. Arbuthnot (1890), declares that in Arabia, the classical Arabic tongue has retained its
uniqueness without very much dialectical modification (p. 23). It is abundant, profuse, and
profound. The Arabic language is not only like a deep sea, but also it is like a bottomless
ocean, the more you dive, you find it stimulating to reach the bottom. Several critics designate
the Arabic language as the sea. It is a breathing active language throughout the ages.
As stated by Elinson, (2009), the Arabic literary language has its origins in the qasīda or ode
of the pre-Islamic period that reflected Arabian authenticity and aesthetic. This setting of
poetry in the desert, along with its shared opening section calling to mind the beloved's
memory over the lost campsite (Al-Nasīb) permitted the poet to associate highly eloquent
representative passages with allegorical expressions of nostalgia, desire, and despair (pp. 4-
5).
The notion is supported by Dyck (1894), who pronounces that the Arabic classical language is
one of the best tongues of the world because of two values; first concerning the richness of its
literature and second due to the richness of its terminology (p. 40). "The Arabic language has
not simply remained complementary to Islam but has been vital a medium of cultural and
national restoration in the Arabic-speaking lands" (Dahami, 2019a). It is the national language
of the Arabian nation starting from the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, and the Fertile
Crescent.
The Arabic language has arisen the best of it by the Holy Qur'an in addition to the ancient
literary works - prose and verse - that have been conveyed to us. Critics comment that the
"sciences were transmitted into the Arabic language from different parts of the world; by it,
they were embellished and penetrated the hearts of men, while the beauties of that language
flowed in their veins and arteries” (Lewis, 2002, p. 142). The idea is maintained by Gruendler
(2002), saying that the “classical Arabic poetry is the literary canon from which medieval
Arab linguists, genealogists, and other scholars take evidentiary verses (shawiihid) to support
their arguments. In this way, ancient poetry ‘judges' many a scholarly case" (p. 257).
Along with that, Faheem (1986), mentions that the Arabic language is the language of human
science (p. 200). The classical Arabic language presents the excellence and superiority of
phraseology. It is full of flashes of wit, tradition, and pageantry. History of the language
literature as expressed by Al-Hashimi (1969), is that discipline that investigates the language
and its conditions through its different ages. It is the discipline that searches its high position.
In addition to what occurred for its inventors who left us with touched guidance (p. 3).
Additionally, Mou’nis (1978), remarks that the unadulterated representation of the original
Semitic that was developed in the Arabian Peninsula is the classical Arabic language that
certainly initiated as a perfect culture. The Arabic language is not a sheer instrument of
culture but a device and culture together (p.343).
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Moreover, the Arabic tongue has welded all other Arabic vernaculars and terminologies,
shaping one of the finest in those dialects. It has gotten rid of the imperfections, which
characterized other vernaculars. It is a concern of a nation that does not affect only a person or
a group of people but the whole. The Arabic language is the tongue of the literary humanities,
and the communication implement of poetry, rhetoric, and oratory. "The classical Arabic
language is presented as the fulfillment and preeminence of phraseology and distinctive with
flashes of keenness and spectacle" (Dahami, 2018a). It is the vein for poetry. "Arabic poetry
raised a distinctive voice that reverberated across desert, village, and town. Among its
functions at religious feasts and commercial fairs was its influence in confirming a common
macro culture across the varying micro-cultures of Arabia" (Dahami, 2020; Allen, 2006: 78).
Arabic Poetry: Treasure of Wisdom and Platonic Love
Arabic poetry is an authorized measure to document Arabs' brilliant, fabulous, and marvelous deeds. It
is immeasurable "in number and is transmitted from mouth to mouth. It was of great attraction where
all listeners admired them, whatever people were, high or low, rich or poor. Poetry in the Arabic
language is full of music and exquisite accent" (Dahami, 2015). The clannish genealogies with the
gratitude of morals appreciate values like hospitality, bounty, audacity, valor, and tolerance. Typically,
Arabic poetry, in addition to the universal poetry, has enduringly denoted the dominant literary maxim
for the Arabic realm. Classical Arabic poetry is
rooted in the life of the people, that insensibly moulded their minds and fixed their
character and made them morally and spiritually a nation long before Muhammad
welded the variously conflicting groups into a single organism, animated, for some
time at least, by a common purpose (Nicholson, 2013, p. 72).
Critics comment that they "do not reach the pre-Islamic age that we talk about until we find the
classical Arabic has been perfected and reached the summit of its development" (Dahami, 2018b;
Thaif, 1960, p. 121). Along with that, "Arabic poetry has always been regarded as the diwan al-Arab
(the repository of Arabs), a resort in times of sorrow and happiness, of defeat and victory, an
expression of the Arab people's cultural ideals and great aspirations" (Allen, 2000, pp. 65-66).
Tribes and clans of Arabs in Arabia used to maintain a means of supremacy, reinforced in the
noteworthy land of Arabia primarily in the region of Mecca and Medina to which our poet, Zohayr ibn
(son of) Abi Solma belongs. Mecca was a considerable focus in Arabia, and the life of the tribes were
and still the most distinctive attribute of the period prior to the advancement of Islam. It was from
Arabia that the elegant Arabic poetry has sprung because the dwellings were too much
occupied with profitable, commercial, and dealings matters and varieties of stuff to give
literature an occasion of evolution.
The poet is the ambassador and messenger of his clan. He is their guide in peace and their protector in
war. Traditionally, the whole clan is pleased to divulge the advent of a poet, and singer of its dignity
and glory. Since the Pre-Islamic age, the tradition of gathering and congregation in the evenings in
tents around the versifiers and poets paying great thoughtfulness and care to people's lives rehearsed in
elegant poetry invite listeners to reiterate and echo the common and unrestrained attribute that Arabic
poetry has been captivated and enchanted its listeners ever since its creation. Critics confirm an
influence about the Arabic poet stating that the conception of poetry as a variety of art is recognized
afterward. "Generosity and hospitality have always featured prominently in Arab nomadic values,
constituting an important aspect of murü’a [موروة muruwwa] (manliness)" (Brown, 2003).
Furthermore, “The integration of the persona as a mature male into his society, one purpose of the
horse description in the fakhr is to establish his courage, honor, loyalty, and generosity before other
members of his community” (Dahami, 2018c; Motoyoshi, 2004, p. 60).
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Poets, philosophers, intellectuals, historians, storytellers are some of those who inspire Arab
customs and contribute to the prevailing practice of the Arabic poetic tongue. They made the
Arabic literary language one of the most prolific and creative in literature all over the place.
They enjoy the blood of Arabia. Consequently, "The Arabic poetry, particularly the poetry of
pre-Islam age, with its valuable tradition, is one of the major influences of the Arabic world"
(Dahami, 2019b).
The “idea of poetry as an art was developed afterwards; the pagan sha’ir [poet] is the oracle of
his tribe, their guide in peace and their champion in war" (Nicholson, 2013, p. 73). Critics
delineate that poetry is the fashionable vehicle of literary communication, particularly in the
pre-Islamic period. Every tribe had its poets, who freely expressed what they stroked and
thought. Their unrecorded expressions flew through the lands quicker than arrows. The poets
come home to the hearts and souls of all who listen to them.
1. Zohayr ibn Abi Solma: The Man and the Poet
Zohayr (also written as Zouhair, Zuhyair, or Zuhayir) ibn Abi Solma is one of the most
prominent poets of the Pre-Islam era. Several critics have estimated Zohayr as one of the best
three prominent poets besides Imru’ Al-Gais ibn Hujr ibn Al-Harith and Al-Nabighah Ath-
Thubiani. Zohayr was born in 520 AD in Najd, and lived with his maternal uncles in
Ghatafan, and was a wise poet who did not worship idols. His family was a poetic family in
which his father was a poet and his sister Khansa was a famous poet too. Not only that but
also his son Ka'b ibn Zohayr was a famous poet who composed one of the most famous
poems in Islam about Prophet Mohammad ()ﷺ called Al-Burdah ()البرده.
Zohayr is a poet of a family who glorifies poetry. His father was a pronounced poet and
Bashamah ibn Ghadiyr, his uncle to his mother, was also a distinguished poet. Zohayr is an
outstanding poet of the pre-Islamic epoch who lived for almost ninety-seven years, from
about “530 to 627 AD” (Az-Zawzani, 2011, p. 71). He is portrayed as an honorable and
bighearted individual who wrote his poems in admiration of men who seek peace and
settlement. The name of the father of Zohayr, according to Al-Asfahani in his great book of
Al-Aghani – The Songs – (2008), is Rabia’h ibn Riyah ibn Gurrat ibn Al Harith ibn Mazen
… ibn Nezar (p. 226).
Abo Solma ibn Rabiya’h is an offspring of the tribe of Mozayna.
Having had some dissatisfaction with the folks of his tribe, Mozayna, Abo Solma left
them and came with his family to live with his maternal uncles of Murrah. He, at that
juncture, settled with Bano Abdallah ibn Ghatafan, neighbors and lineages of Murrah,
in an area called Al-Hajiz of Najd near Al Madinah where his descendants continued
to exist after Islam (Dahami, 2019c).
Commonly, the poem of Zohayr can be appraised as one of the thoughtful pieces of literature
of Arabic concord, for it encompasses Arabic heritage. Unlike the famous poets of Al-
Mualagat, Zohayr had a different distinguished style in writing his poems. They are called Al-
Hawliat ()الحوليات which indicate or refer to annuals. Abo Zaid (1993), mentions that Zohayr
used to write each of his poems in four months and to refine it in another four months then
deliver it in the next four months, that is a year (p. 14).
2. A Poetic and Literary Analysis of Some Selected Verse Lines of Al-Mu'alagah
5. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 1, March, 2021
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Normally, Arabic poetry, as the same as the poetry of other languages and nations, has
always specified the focal literary expression and communication for the Arabic nation. With
its perpetual depending on sound, undertone, and connotation, Arabic poetry plays a crucial
part with its cadence, rhyme, rhythm, metaphor, and attractive tones. As the great
contemporary Arab poets have frequently advocated, poetry may have a principal approach to
the transformations ascending in cultures and civilizations. Al-Mua'llagah of Zohayr is
certainly one of the excellent pieces of ancient Arabic poetry that was created before the
shining of Islam. It has a magnificent and praiseful status of Arabic literary history that
remains even today. Al-Mua'llagah is a long piece of poetry that is used to be precisely hung
on the sides of the Holy Ka’abah of Holy Mecca.
The hanging pieces of poetry on Al-Ka’abah are done in that way because they are judged
and considered as the most important, the most noteworthy and the marvelous poems ever
composed and narrated during the epoch of pre-Islam. The processes of judging, evaluating
and assessing the various poems presented have been taken in annual literary councils in
Souq Okath near the town of At-taif ()الطائف. The councils were organized by the attendance
of great poets who were esteemed as judges and referees. The selected poems to be called
Mua'llagat, according to critics and literary historians, are only ten, and other literary
historians mention that they are only seven poems. Al-Mua'llagah of Zohayr is estimated to
be third in rank among the seven/ten Mua'llagat. The poet commenced his Mua'llagah with a
memorandum with his wife Umm Awfa who requested divorce because of his second
marriage. Zohayr initiated the poem with several lines describing his admiration and virtuous
love for Umm Awfa. Al-Mua'llagah of Zohayr starts with the following lines.
1
.
ِـمَّلَكَت ْمَل ٌةَـنْمِد ىَف ْوَأ ِمُأ ْنِمَأ
( ِـمَّلَثَتُمالَف ِاجَُّّردالـ ِةَناَم ْـوَحِب
Az-Zawzani, 2011, p.72
)
1. These ash-covered ruins, that did not talk to me, in Hawmanat Al-Darraj and Al-
Mutathallami, where they ever the dwelling place of Umm Awfa (Maso'd, 2013)
Zohayr ibn Abi Solma commences this poem like all of the pre-Islamic poets, who, in the
opening of their poems, used to stand on the remnants of a beloved. The poet asks about the
homes and lands of Umm Awfa in which he points out the years that have passed. These years
passed to the degree that Umm Awfa no longer identifies him and their virtual and platonic
relationships. The lands that were inhabited by Umm Awfa are names of belonging the poet
wanted to make a piece of touchable evidence about his kinsmanship, so he mentioned places
such as Hawmanah ()حومانه, Ad-Daraj ()الدراج, and Al-Mutathalim (;)المتثلم all of them are
names of the places that Umm Awfa dwelled in.
By going back to the dictionaries, we find in the first verse line, Arabic names of objects were
renowned and of helpful use to people of the time, such as the word dimnah/dimnat ()دمنة
which refers to what is blackened from the traces of a house with dust and ashes. The word
dimnah has more other meanings such as hatred and the saddle but the suitable is the first one
that refers to blackness. This first line indicates that the poet inquires about something he
knows the answer but he wants to make certain. He, implicitly, states that his question is
presented with a sort of doubt to verify that the long period of being absent, he is not sure of
the places he used to be familiar with long years ago. Another picture can be envisaged that
the poet wishes to speak with the people of that place but unfortunately, no one can talk with
him because they all departed the area and what remains is only the soulless residues of some
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houses. It is a profound feeling of the poet to remember his beloved – previously divorced
wife Umm Awfa.
2
.
ـاَهَّنَأَك ِْـنيَتَمْقَّالرِب ـاَهَل ٌارَد َو
ِـمَصْعِم ِ
ِرشا ََون ِيف ٍمْش َو ُعْي ِاجَرَم
2. The traces of her abode in Ar-Raqmatain resemble fresh tattoo marks on wrist veins
The poet Zohayr bin Abi Salma started this poetic line telling about the homes to emphasize
the importance of the place for him and to make the reader attracted to the following in
reference to the importance of both, the place and its inhabitants. It is not hidden to critics that
the poet mentioned the residence as a predicate after he calculated the number of houses that
he and his beloved existed. They are the same homes, which urged his sentiment as it is seen
in the previous poetic line, which symbolizes places of memory in the imagination of the poet.
The poet associated between the two verses to make the same association between both, the
homes and those who inhabited the homes. Umm Awfa is his previous beloved wife who
made his heart and mind occupied with her. We are also aware of the ingenuity of the poet
who wanted to make the ownership of such a place of his beloved. He dedicated to the word
()الرقمتين alraqmatayn, which are two residences, the first is near Al-Madinah – previously
known as Yathrib – and the second is located near Basra of Iraq.
The poet carries on to explain the importance of the residence and its people, where the residues of the
places affect his soul and spirit. These dwellings are still pinched in his heart and memory so that he
cannot stop thinking about them because they remind him of Umm Awfa. The remaining relics,
according to the poet's description, are edifices throughout the ages; continue to evoke his emotions
and memories. The reader and critic can understand the gorgeous profound connotations that the poet
used to enlighten his nostalgia of the feelings inside him towards Umm Awfa. It may be said that the
poet presented his speech with a manner of doubt about these residences, do they belong to Umm
Awfa or not. Then, he likened the relics with a fixed tattoo on the wrist as a sign of proof of
friendliness after passing for a long time. This sort of affection is firm as the existence of these
dwellings has withstood the winds and rain of the ages that have passed for more than twenty years.
3
.
َـةفْل ِخ َِينشْمَي ُمآ ْرَألا َو ُنْيِعال اَهِب
ِمَثْجَم ِلُك ْنِم َْنضَهْنَي َاهُؤالْطَأ َو
3. Lo! Wide-eyed cows and white, swift antelopes, successively roam; their calves and
fawns awaken and get up from their resting places
In his conception of the environment in which the poet and his people live in his time. He
infers his drawing of what he has in mind with real-life images and analogies, such as his
saying at the beginning of this poetic line (العين )بها biha aleayn which means that these lands
or places carry both sorts of cattle such as cows. The third word ()االرام al-aram, denotes the
antelope which is characterized by pure whiteness. The poet refers to both the cows and
antelopes, which inhabit that place because they are of great importance and benefit to people.
They also refer to the process of continuous movement. The cattle form groups in which a
group leaves the place another group arrives. It is understood that the significance of such
group is clear when the poet mentions the words (َـةفْل ِخ َِينشْمَي) yamshin khilfatan denoting to a
continuous process of living. It is a portrait of tribal life, which does not stay still, but a
continuous circle of life. The word (َِينشْمَي) yamshin means to walk and the word (َـةفْل ِ)خ
khilfatan means one replaced by another. The conceived picture is the permanence and
persistence of walking. The poet, in a poetic glimpse, left us except the process of active life
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within the two types of cattle not forgetting the constant movement of the cattle accompanied
by their children.
The poet, in this poetic line, talks about the rank and status of his beloved, after mentioning
the relics and homes that have agitated his conscience and feelings in the two previous poetic
lines of this poem. In this line, the curve of the news moves in a circle of places that aroused
the poet's excitement where life before the war was blessed with splendor and beauty in
constant renewal. This is indicative of the phrase as mentioned earlier, yamshin khilfatan that
indicates and designates the continuation of that renewed and continuous exquisiteness. The
contemplative reader for this verse line realizes that if a crowd left the place, another crowd
came. We can also comprehend that if one thing goes, it is replaced by something else to
make the place active with life. The poet's great potentiality in making metaphorical
comparisons and imaginative portrays is clear. He symbolizes a kind of renewed and
continuous exquisiteness through the walk of the antelopes.
The poet portrays the cows and the antelopes, as groups, in a constant movement; one against
another, walking in hordes and groups. The first (group) is coming and the other is leaving.
The profound meaning here can be understood so symbolically that we imagine if a herd goes
on, another herd comes. In the same context, we can sense the saying of Allah, "who made
night and day behind him", that is, to succeed each other to indicate the continuity and
renewal of life.
4
.
ِب ُتْفَق َو
َّةج ِح َين ِ
رْشِع ِدْعَب ْنِم اَه
ِـمُّه ََوت َدْعَب ََّاردال ُتْفَرَع اَيـألَف
4. There I stood after being away for twenty long years, and recognized the abode with
difficulty, after some exertion and uncertainty
In the previous three lines, the poet mentioned a description of a deeply intimate memory in order to
solace himself from the spiritual burdens after the passage of lean years on those dwellings, in a period
of time exceeding twenty years; he mentions the homes and lands of loved ones. As it is the habit of
this great poet - the poet of wisdom and peace – he expresses and speaks of a psychological feeling
that he suffers, and metaphorically speaks about the exhalations of nostalgia that indicate how much he
loves those who lived and settled in the mentioned lands. Such exciting feelings are understood
through the phrase (اَهِب ُتْفَق َ)و wagaftu beha in which the connotative sense has more than one probable
interpretation. It might be a physical standing by the body and all other senses sharing the feelings; it
might be symbolically abstract standing by thought because poetry is abstract in most of its images and
representations. It is most likely that the standing is both physical and mental; physical because the
poet has reached the place, he knew, after conjecture and speculation. We come to realize that through
contemplating the phrase (ِمُّه َتو َدْعَب) ba'da tawahumi, which refer to the state of the poet in realizing the
place 'after a delusion'. The poet here remembers the form and position of the place, through which he
recalls the memories of the original and beautiful time in which he created the paths of places where
the movement and travel return between them.
5
.
ـَج ْرِم ِ
سَّرَعُم ِيف عاْفُس َِيفـاَثَأ
ِل
ِـمَّلَثَتَي ْمَل ِ
ض ْوَحال ِمْذ َِجك ياْـؤُن َو
5. I discerned the darkened stones that once supported the metal pot, and noticed that the
little stream, dug up around the tent, still holding together, with no cracks
After recognizing the places of Umm Awfa with difficulties as a result of the long period
since they separated which is mentioned in the previous verse lines particularly the fourth line,
the poet in this fifth verse line continues describing the home of his wife and the surroundings
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of this home. He explains his realization of the area particularly the black stones that are made
for cooking using vessels or metal bowls. In addition to that, there is a small waterway
surrounding the house of Umm Awfa as if it is a pool. Such traces are signs for him to
confirm his knowledge of the place.
6
.
ـاَهِعْبَِرل ُتْلُق ََّاردال ُتْفَرَع اَّمـَلَف
ِـمَلْسا َو ُعْبَّالر اَهُّيَأ احاَبَص ْمِعْنَأ َالَأ
6. As I recognized the abode, I said to the abandoned place: May your morning be blessed O dear
place, and may you be protected from harm
The poet starts this verse line with a famous phrase, 'ala 'aneama sabahaan', a method of
greeting among Arabs in the period prior to Islam which means 'Have a blessed and good
morning'. Arab used to say 'I wish you a good morning' or 'Have a good morning'. When the
poet realized the residences, he saluted them wishing them, referring to the places, peace, and
long-living. The poet says that 'when I reached her dwellings, I addressed the people of them
with salutation saying have a nice day. I wish you peace and prosperous life.
7
.
ٍِـنئاَعَظ ْنِم ىََرت َْله ِيلْيِلَخ ْرَّصَبَت
ِـمُث ْرُج ِق ْوَف ْنِم ِاءَيْلَعْالِب َـنْلَّمَحَت
7. Look closely my friend, do you see women carried on howdahs atop camels, crossing
elevated tracts, above the Jurthum brook
This verse line shows that the poet is obsessed with crying rather than looking at the places he
mentioned. He asked a question but no one beside him to answer. The question is forwarded
to any reader or listener of this poem to share his views and feelings. The poet asks if the
addressee can see women (ٍِـنئاَعَظ) carried by the ships of the desert traveling through
highlands – metaphorically referring to a specific land. The connotative sense here is that the
poet is taken by affection to a great extent in which he feels it is impossible to find what he
seeks.
8
.
ُهَـن ْزَح َو ٍينِمَي ْنَع ََاننَقال َـنْلَعَج
ِحُم ْنِم َِاننَقالِب ْمَـك َو
ِم ِـرْحُم َو ٍل
8. They traveled, Qanan Mountain and rugged land to their right; many are the Qanan
days, where rituals are at times observed and, at other times, people are of them
absolved
The idea of this line is that the poet is in a difficult situation to the degree that his love for his
woman led him to travel to a very far land full of complications in order to see her. He
declares that his travel may take him to the land of enemies, wishing not to be discovered
otherwise he will be captured or even eradicated.
9
.
ٍةـَِّلكو ٍقَاتِع ٍـاطَمْنَأِب َن ْـوَلَع
َِّمدالـ ُةَهِكَاشُم ـاَهْيِشا َوَح ٍداَرِو
9. They threw costly ornate covers on the howdahs, with decorative borders, deep vivid
red in color, like blood.
In this line, the poet extends the idea presented in the previous line. Still, the point is
revolving around the women traveling on the howdahs but the focus is on the setting of the
howdahs. Zohayr imaginatively delineates the decorative howdah with the best of cloth and
decoration in which he wishes to be for the traveling women expecting Umm Awfa to be
among them. The word, (ٍةـَّلِك)ال Al-Killah is a type of delicate clothing, which is a thin garment
that is placed over a thick one. Its edges are roses, reddish as if it is the color of red gum.
9. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, Volume 3, Issue 1, March, 2021
Dahami & Ghamdi, P.No. 1-11 Page 9
Alternatively, it is similar to the blood in its redness. Here, the scene of ()الظعينة Al-Da'aynah
or the woman describes the woman and her howdah and what her scene looked like. The
luggage has been carried and arranged so that the howdah was covered with bedspreads and
underneath Al-Killah. The howdah now became decorated with a red color.
10
.
َنْكَّر َو َو
ُهَـنْتَم َن ْوُلْعَي ِانَبُّوسال ِيف
(ص ِِــمَعنَتُمال ِِمعـاَّنال ُّلَد َّـنِهْيَلَع
75
)
10. They mounted the posterior portions of their camel backs, as they sallied forth over the
Soban land; their features disclosing luxurious living, contentment, and pleasurable
ease
The general meaning of this line indicates that the poet Zohayr mentions that the women
mentioned in the previous line are known to be traveling on decorated howdahs with the
comforts of luxurious curtains and soft clothes, passed through the highlands called As-Suban
(ِانَبُّوس)ال. One of the traits of the women mentioned is that they are known with morals, ethics,
and dictums. They are defined as good human beings.
CONCLUSION
Zohayr ibn Abi Solma is no doubt a platonic lover; he did not forget his wife for more than
twenty years after she demanded a divorce. He has proven the elegant virtual love poetry with
masterfulness in figuratively portraying his wife Umm Awfa through the places she dwelled
in. It is the word that Zohayr has perfected in his Mua'llahah. He started it, in the first verse
lines, with courtly love poetry describing his loyalty to his wife before diving into the sea of
wisdom and peacemaking. The first ten verse lines have proved the great capability of the
poet to deal with virtuous love issues connected with the moral ethics of life of Arabs before
the coming of Islam.
Al-Mua'llagah of Zohayr deserves to put him third among the limited poets of Mua'llagat.
This eminent hanging poem of Zohayr, equally all his poetry, is essentially extraordinary for
several motives among which his verse bears extraordinary issues such as courtly love poetry.
His lines are written with, perception, appeal, and good sense using graceful language. The
paper has foreseen inspecting the figurative, metaphorical and aesthetic pictures in Al-
Mua’llagah of Zohayr ibn Abi Solma. As the examination shows, it pursued the logical
scheme placed on the most considerable sources. Al-Mua'llagah depicts unique Arab values
and ethics in the pre-Islamic age.
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