John Milton, in his Sonnet 16 'On his Blindness,' meditates on the disturbing effect blindness has had on his whole life and literary works. He compares his lost vision with 'light spent' and grieves not the handicap in itself but the restrictions it carries out on his work as a literary figure, particularly a poet. His poetic skill is significant to him that he describes it as that one talent,' signifying it is the only talent that is of importance.
This study is an attempt to analyze the concepts of blindness, sight, light, vision, and obedience with particular reference to his poem, sonnet 18 or 'On his blindness.' It starts with an introduction to John Milton as a poet. After that, it shifts to discuss the concept of Vision or Sight. Then, the study goes on to deal with the concept of obedience. Next, it sheds light on the concepts of Blindness and Light. Afterward, the task moves to close with a conclusion. In this paper, the researcher applies the critical-analytical approach.
Emily Dickinson's I Died for Beauty: Saying too Much Using Few Terminologies ...Al Baha University
Emily Dickinson had a distinct talent for capturing the core of an event or emotion in her written expression. She is likened to a genius. She wrote hundreds of well-defined poems. This study attempts to spur the depth of one of the resounding poems, ‘I Died for Beauty.’ The paper tries to prove the greatness of the poem, Dickinson, in revealing too much using few words. The study starts with an introduction about the poet, then shifts to the next main point – critical-analytical description of the three-stanza poem, illustrating its style, themes, symbols, and the study ends with a brief conclusion and recommendation if there is any.
TYBA, English , Pr. VII, The Romantic Reviaval movement. Prose. Fictional and Nonfictional. Characteristics, major contributors. Essayists and novelist.
Romanticism emerged as a reaction against Enlightenment rationalism and classicism. It celebrated heightened individualism, emotion, imagination, intuition, and nature. Key influences included Rousseau's emphasis on the unique individual, Burke's concept of the sublime in nature, and Goethe's promotion of passion over reason in works like The Sorrows of Young Werther. Romanticism valued originality and freedom of form over rigid structure. It also emphasized man's imperfections and the untamed, mysterious aspects of nature.
Modern poetry emerged between 1900-1930 as a rebellious movement that allowed new concepts and writing forms. Modernism arose from transformations in Western society like modern industrialization and World War 1. It rejected religious and Enlightenment thinking. Modern poetry uses techniques like foregrounding to emphasize certain ideas or themes. It explores themes like the decline of tradition, poets as social outcasts, pessimism, and reduced interest in nature compared to earlier eras.
Milton’s Samson Agonistes: A Renaissance Image of Man - مسرحية شمشون اقونيستس...Al Baha University
جون ميلتون يعتبر شاعرا اكثر من كونه كاتب مسرحي، لهذا السبب فان شعره قد اخذ حيزا كبيرا من الدراسة والتمحيص والتحليل و/أو النقد لكن لم يعطى ذلك الاهتمام في مسرحيته، تحاول هذه الدراسة إلقاء الضوء على "سامسون اقونيستس" لميلتون كمسرحية أكثر من كونها قصيدة شعرية، الدراسة تستخدم النهج التحليلي والفلسفي والأدبي لأحد أبرز الشخصيات الأدبية في العصر التطهيري البيروتاني، جون ميلتون ومسرحيته "سامسون اقونيستس" كصورة أو مفهوم رجل عصر النهضة التي كثيرون ينسبون ارتباط ميلتون كأخر شخصية ادبية لهذا العصر، يستهل البحث بموضوع المعرفة – سواء المعرفة السماوية أو البشرية (من وجهة نظر ميلتون) وردة فعل الانسان فيما يتعلق بتلك المعرفة، الدراسة تحاول في هدفها ان تؤكد وتبرز النقائص المألوفة و اللافتة للنظر مثل المعاناة وسوء الحظ، الزوجة الغير ملائمة، المهمة الفاشلة والورطة بين كل من ميلتون وبطل مسرحيته، "سامسون".
الدراسة هي عبارة عن عملية تتبعيه لعصر "ميلتون" وأفكاره المعكوسة في مسرحيته " سامسون اقونيستس"، تحاول الدراسة إلقاء الضوء على كيفية توظيف ميلتون تقنياته الأدبية النابغة في المسرحية الشعرية قيد الدراسة، تستهل الدراسة بمقدمة متبوعة بالفقرة الأولى مفهوم رجل عصر النهضة ثم تتطرق الى معاينة المعاناة وسوء الحظ وبعد ذلك يتبع بوصف لمرئيات ميلتون نفسه حول المرأة كنتيجة لبغضه زوجته التي لم تعش معه، في القسم التالي تتبع تحليلي لمفاهيم المهمة الفاشلة والمأزق المصور في ذهن ميلتون عن نفسه وبطل مسرحيته.
John Milton is a poet more than a dramatist, hence, his poetry is plentifully studied, examined, analyzed, and/or criticized but his drama is sparsely done. This study tries to shed light on Samson Agonistes as drama. It is an analytical, philosophical and literary approach of one important figure in The Puritan age, John Milton, and his play as an image of the Renaissance man. The study takes up the theme of knowledge—divine or human knowledge and man’s reaction apropos that. The current study tries in its aim to highlight the frequent remarkable demerits such as misfortunes and suffering, unfortunate wife, unsuccessful mission, and plight between Milton and Samson. It is a pursuing process for Milton's age, and thoughts reflected in his work, Samson Agonistes. The study also attempts to shed light on how Milton employs his genius literary techniques in this verse play. The study starts with an introduction followed by the concept of the Renaissance man. The paper deals with views of misfortunes and suffering thereafter, it depicts Milton’s views concerning women as a result of his hatred to his wife. The research pursues analytically the concepts of ineffective mission, and plight imaged by Milton about himself and Samson, his main character of the play.
The document discusses the emergence and key aspects of modernism in literature in the early 20th century. It introduced modernist authors like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf and describes how modernist works broke from traditional forms through experimentation with techniques like stream of consciousness, fragmentation, and multiple perspectives. Specifically, it outlines the development of free verse as a rejection of traditional poetic forms and meters, and surveys styles like Imagism, the works of T.S. Eliot, and different variations of free verse practiced by poets such as Whitman, Lawrence, Ginsberg, Williams, and e.e. cummings.
Modernism emerged in response to new theories that destabilized traditional views of humanity. Freud, Marx, and Darwin challenged ideas of human rationality, independence, and superiority in nature. This caused a crisis of values and uncertainty. Modernist works reflected this by distorting forms, breaking norms, and focusing on disjointed experiences. Prominent modernist authors and artists like T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, and Picasso experimented with stream of consciousness, fragmentation, and abstract forms to capture this unsettled time.
The document provides a summary and analysis of T.S. Eliot's modernist poem "The Waste Land". It notes that the poem is divided into five sections that address themes of disillusionment and despair in the modern world. The first two sections are analyzed in detail, with the first section introducing the protagonist Tiresias and his encounters representing the barren spiritual conditions of modern civilization. The second section employs vignettes of characters to further explore these themes of love degraded into guilt and lust in the waste land.
Emily Dickinson's I Died for Beauty: Saying too Much Using Few Terminologies ...Al Baha University
Emily Dickinson had a distinct talent for capturing the core of an event or emotion in her written expression. She is likened to a genius. She wrote hundreds of well-defined poems. This study attempts to spur the depth of one of the resounding poems, ‘I Died for Beauty.’ The paper tries to prove the greatness of the poem, Dickinson, in revealing too much using few words. The study starts with an introduction about the poet, then shifts to the next main point – critical-analytical description of the three-stanza poem, illustrating its style, themes, symbols, and the study ends with a brief conclusion and recommendation if there is any.
TYBA, English , Pr. VII, The Romantic Reviaval movement. Prose. Fictional and Nonfictional. Characteristics, major contributors. Essayists and novelist.
Romanticism emerged as a reaction against Enlightenment rationalism and classicism. It celebrated heightened individualism, emotion, imagination, intuition, and nature. Key influences included Rousseau's emphasis on the unique individual, Burke's concept of the sublime in nature, and Goethe's promotion of passion over reason in works like The Sorrows of Young Werther. Romanticism valued originality and freedom of form over rigid structure. It also emphasized man's imperfections and the untamed, mysterious aspects of nature.
Modern poetry emerged between 1900-1930 as a rebellious movement that allowed new concepts and writing forms. Modernism arose from transformations in Western society like modern industrialization and World War 1. It rejected religious and Enlightenment thinking. Modern poetry uses techniques like foregrounding to emphasize certain ideas or themes. It explores themes like the decline of tradition, poets as social outcasts, pessimism, and reduced interest in nature compared to earlier eras.
Milton’s Samson Agonistes: A Renaissance Image of Man - مسرحية شمشون اقونيستس...Al Baha University
جون ميلتون يعتبر شاعرا اكثر من كونه كاتب مسرحي، لهذا السبب فان شعره قد اخذ حيزا كبيرا من الدراسة والتمحيص والتحليل و/أو النقد لكن لم يعطى ذلك الاهتمام في مسرحيته، تحاول هذه الدراسة إلقاء الضوء على "سامسون اقونيستس" لميلتون كمسرحية أكثر من كونها قصيدة شعرية، الدراسة تستخدم النهج التحليلي والفلسفي والأدبي لأحد أبرز الشخصيات الأدبية في العصر التطهيري البيروتاني، جون ميلتون ومسرحيته "سامسون اقونيستس" كصورة أو مفهوم رجل عصر النهضة التي كثيرون ينسبون ارتباط ميلتون كأخر شخصية ادبية لهذا العصر، يستهل البحث بموضوع المعرفة – سواء المعرفة السماوية أو البشرية (من وجهة نظر ميلتون) وردة فعل الانسان فيما يتعلق بتلك المعرفة، الدراسة تحاول في هدفها ان تؤكد وتبرز النقائص المألوفة و اللافتة للنظر مثل المعاناة وسوء الحظ، الزوجة الغير ملائمة، المهمة الفاشلة والورطة بين كل من ميلتون وبطل مسرحيته، "سامسون".
الدراسة هي عبارة عن عملية تتبعيه لعصر "ميلتون" وأفكاره المعكوسة في مسرحيته " سامسون اقونيستس"، تحاول الدراسة إلقاء الضوء على كيفية توظيف ميلتون تقنياته الأدبية النابغة في المسرحية الشعرية قيد الدراسة، تستهل الدراسة بمقدمة متبوعة بالفقرة الأولى مفهوم رجل عصر النهضة ثم تتطرق الى معاينة المعاناة وسوء الحظ وبعد ذلك يتبع بوصف لمرئيات ميلتون نفسه حول المرأة كنتيجة لبغضه زوجته التي لم تعش معه، في القسم التالي تتبع تحليلي لمفاهيم المهمة الفاشلة والمأزق المصور في ذهن ميلتون عن نفسه وبطل مسرحيته.
John Milton is a poet more than a dramatist, hence, his poetry is plentifully studied, examined, analyzed, and/or criticized but his drama is sparsely done. This study tries to shed light on Samson Agonistes as drama. It is an analytical, philosophical and literary approach of one important figure in The Puritan age, John Milton, and his play as an image of the Renaissance man. The study takes up the theme of knowledge—divine or human knowledge and man’s reaction apropos that. The current study tries in its aim to highlight the frequent remarkable demerits such as misfortunes and suffering, unfortunate wife, unsuccessful mission, and plight between Milton and Samson. It is a pursuing process for Milton's age, and thoughts reflected in his work, Samson Agonistes. The study also attempts to shed light on how Milton employs his genius literary techniques in this verse play. The study starts with an introduction followed by the concept of the Renaissance man. The paper deals with views of misfortunes and suffering thereafter, it depicts Milton’s views concerning women as a result of his hatred to his wife. The research pursues analytically the concepts of ineffective mission, and plight imaged by Milton about himself and Samson, his main character of the play.
The document discusses the emergence and key aspects of modernism in literature in the early 20th century. It introduced modernist authors like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf and describes how modernist works broke from traditional forms through experimentation with techniques like stream of consciousness, fragmentation, and multiple perspectives. Specifically, it outlines the development of free verse as a rejection of traditional poetic forms and meters, and surveys styles like Imagism, the works of T.S. Eliot, and different variations of free verse practiced by poets such as Whitman, Lawrence, Ginsberg, Williams, and e.e. cummings.
Modernism emerged in response to new theories that destabilized traditional views of humanity. Freud, Marx, and Darwin challenged ideas of human rationality, independence, and superiority in nature. This caused a crisis of values and uncertainty. Modernist works reflected this by distorting forms, breaking norms, and focusing on disjointed experiences. Prominent modernist authors and artists like T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, and Picasso experimented with stream of consciousness, fragmentation, and abstract forms to capture this unsettled time.
The document provides a summary and analysis of T.S. Eliot's modernist poem "The Waste Land". It notes that the poem is divided into five sections that address themes of disillusionment and despair in the modern world. The first two sections are analyzed in detail, with the first section introducing the protagonist Tiresias and his encounters representing the barren spiritual conditions of modern civilization. The second section employs vignettes of characters to further explore these themes of love degraded into guilt and lust in the waste land.
This document outlines the powerpoint presentation for the English department's even semester course from December 2018 to April 2019. The presentation contains 4 units that will cover various topics in English literature from the Romantic movement to 20th century novels. Unit 1 discusses the Romantic movement in phases, focusing on Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats. Unit 2 covers Lamb, Hazlitt, and Jane Austen. Unit 3 examines Carlyle, Ruskin, Newman, Tennyson, Browning and others. Unit 4 looks at the pre-Raphaelites, 20th century drama with Shaw and Ibsen, and 20th century novels including Joyce and Woolf.
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
Modernism And the trends of Modern Poetry.AleeenaFarooq
This document provides an overview of the history and key developments in modern poetry. It discusses how modern poetry emerged from a break with traditional forms and conventions at the end of the 19th century. Modern poetry is characterized by experimentation with form and language, themes of anxiety and disillusionment reflecting the modern age, and a rejection of traditional poetic structures like meter and rhyme in favor of freer forms. The document outlines trends in modern poetry like an increased focus on realism, themes of war and social issues, as well as movements like Imagism that further transformed poetic diction and style.
The document provides information about the Romantic Era in literature from 1798-1832. Some key aspects discussed include:
- Romanticism focused on imagination, emotion, individual experience, and freedom over reason and rules.
- Several historical events influenced the rise of Romanticism in Britain, including the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte.
- The six major British Romantic poets - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Blake, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats - explored themes of nature, emotion, and individualism in their revolutionary poetry.
1) The document discusses the Victorian poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson and his famous dramatic monologue "Ulysses".
2) "Ulysses" tells the story of the Greek hero Ulysses who, having returned home after his long journey, expresses his desire to continue exploring and embark on more adventures before his death.
3) The poem examines themes of individualism, restlessness, and man's relentless pursuit of knowledge and discovery.
Symbolism was a literary movement that began in 1886 as a reaction against rigid French poetry. It aimed to use symbols to represent ideas and emotions rather than directly expressing them. Key features included obscure references open to multiple interpretations, repetition for suggestive effect, and using colors and language figuratively rather than literally. Major symbolist poets were Wallace Stevens, T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, and W.B. Yeats. The movement sought to express the subconscious and blend perceptions in a way that moved fluidly between objective and subjective experience.
The document provides biographical information about T.S. Eliot and contextualizes his modernist poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock". It notes that Eliot was an American-English poet born in Missouri who lived much of his life in London. The poem is considered one of the most influential works of the 20th century. Modernism emerged in response to World War I and Victorian ideals, featuring experimental styles and questioning social norms. "The Love Song" examines the emptiness of the social world through Prufrock's self-analysis and is a prime example of modernist poetry through its fragmented form and themes.
Modernist poetry emerged in the early 20th century in response to the stylistic conventions of previous eras. It experimented with form and language to capture a world transformed by war, technology, and urbanization. Modernist poems used fragmented structures and incorporated elements of other languages and cultures. This style reflected modernists' disillusionment with social order and their perception of a chaotic world in constant change.
T.S. Eliot was an American-born poet, playwright, and literary critic. He was born in 1888 in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended Harvard University where he received both undergraduate and graduate degrees. After college, he spent time touring Europe before moving to London in 1915. Some of his most famous works include The Waste Land and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Eliot was heavily influenced by myths and used fragmentation in his works to reflect the modern experience. The Waste Land addresses themes of cultural fragmentation in the post-WWI period through its use of allusion and symbols.
Victorian Poet: Alfred Tennyson and Robert BrowningJitendra Sumra
This document provides an introduction to Victorian poets Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning. It summarizes Tennyson's life, works, and style which expressed the doubts and faith of his era. His most famous works included In Memoriam and Idylls of the King. The document also outlines Browning's more obscure style and his works across his career such as Dramatic Lyrics and Men and Women which analyzed the human condition through various characters. In conclusion, it contrasts Tennyson and Browning's approaches with Tennyson prioritizing artistic form and Browning focusing more on the message.
T.S. Eliot was an American-British poet, playwright, and literary critic born in 1888 in Missouri. Some of his most influential works include The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land, and Four Quartets. Eliot's poetry was characterized by disjointed images and allusions to express the disillusionment of the post-WWI period. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948 for works that helped shape modern literature.
The document summarizes key aspects of Romanticism and highlights some of the major Romantic poets. It notes that Romanticism valued individual emotion and expression over rigid forms, and placed importance on nature and mystical experiences. Some of the poets highlighted include William Blake, Robert Burns, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats.
This document provides an overview of modernism as an artistic movement that began after 1910 across various art forms like literature, music, visual arts and film. It discusses some of the key modernist artists and poets like Joyce, Woolf, Eliot, Picasso and discusses common modernist elements like experimentation, representing the unconscious, and subjective reality. It then focuses on modernist poetry, discussing fragmented styles, international influences, and poets like Yeats and Pound. It provides biographical details and analyses of key works for Eliot and discusses his poem The Waste Land as a seminal modernist work.
The presentation provides an overview of Percy Bysshe Shelley, a major English Romantic poet. It discusses his unconventional life experiences, revolutionary political views, works including "Ozymandias" and "Ode to the West Wind", and themes addressing nature, political liberty, and the role of the poet. Shelley tragically drowned at age 29 while sailing. The presentation examines Shelley's biography, writing style, themes, and influence on subsequent poets to portray him as an idealistic visionary who used his poetry to promote social change.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, his life and works
Prepared by Ahmad Hussain, Department of English,
Abdul Wali khan University Mardan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
Facebook page link for Literary students: www.facebook.com/englitpearls
The document discusses Karl Marx's views and how they have been interpreted and applied in different ways over time. It makes three key points:
1) Marx believed violent revolution was necessary for workers to improve their conditions, but changes in Western countries came through long-term union movements rather than sudden revolution.
2) Some Marxist principles like improving workers' rights were adopted through reforms rather than dismantling the existing system.
3) Not all policies commonly labeled as "Marxist", like Social Security, involved destroying and rebuilding government as Marx predicted. They developed uniquely in different countries.
John Milton was an English poet, pamphleteer, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell. He was born in 1608 in London and was known from a young age for his devotion to study. He attended St. Paul's School and Christ's College, Cambridge. Some of his major works include Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes, Comus, and Lycidas. Milton was married three times and had several children. He worked as a secretary for foreign tongues under Cromwell's government after losing his sight. Milton had a grand poetic style and was influential in popularizing blank verse. His works dealt with themes of disobedience, redemption, and religious and political freedom
Milton is regarded as one of the greatest English poets, second only to Shakespeare. He was highly educated at Cambridge and wrote many poems and three major works, including Paradise Lost. Paradise Lost is an epic poem about the fall of man through disobedience to God, written in beautiful blank verse over 12 books. It shows Milton's deep religious faith and poetic skill. Milton also wrote Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes, a tragedy about the biblical figure Samson.
This document outlines the powerpoint presentation for the English department's even semester course from December 2018 to April 2019. The presentation contains 4 units that will cover various topics in English literature from the Romantic movement to 20th century novels. Unit 1 discusses the Romantic movement in phases, focusing on Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats. Unit 2 covers Lamb, Hazlitt, and Jane Austen. Unit 3 examines Carlyle, Ruskin, Newman, Tennyson, Browning and others. Unit 4 looks at the pre-Raphaelites, 20th century drama with Shaw and Ibsen, and 20th century novels including Joyce and Woolf.
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
Modernism And the trends of Modern Poetry.AleeenaFarooq
This document provides an overview of the history and key developments in modern poetry. It discusses how modern poetry emerged from a break with traditional forms and conventions at the end of the 19th century. Modern poetry is characterized by experimentation with form and language, themes of anxiety and disillusionment reflecting the modern age, and a rejection of traditional poetic structures like meter and rhyme in favor of freer forms. The document outlines trends in modern poetry like an increased focus on realism, themes of war and social issues, as well as movements like Imagism that further transformed poetic diction and style.
The document provides information about the Romantic Era in literature from 1798-1832. Some key aspects discussed include:
- Romanticism focused on imagination, emotion, individual experience, and freedom over reason and rules.
- Several historical events influenced the rise of Romanticism in Britain, including the French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, and the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte.
- The six major British Romantic poets - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Blake, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats - explored themes of nature, emotion, and individualism in their revolutionary poetry.
1) The document discusses the Victorian poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson and his famous dramatic monologue "Ulysses".
2) "Ulysses" tells the story of the Greek hero Ulysses who, having returned home after his long journey, expresses his desire to continue exploring and embark on more adventures before his death.
3) The poem examines themes of individualism, restlessness, and man's relentless pursuit of knowledge and discovery.
Symbolism was a literary movement that began in 1886 as a reaction against rigid French poetry. It aimed to use symbols to represent ideas and emotions rather than directly expressing them. Key features included obscure references open to multiple interpretations, repetition for suggestive effect, and using colors and language figuratively rather than literally. Major symbolist poets were Wallace Stevens, T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, and W.B. Yeats. The movement sought to express the subconscious and blend perceptions in a way that moved fluidly between objective and subjective experience.
The document provides biographical information about T.S. Eliot and contextualizes his modernist poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock". It notes that Eliot was an American-English poet born in Missouri who lived much of his life in London. The poem is considered one of the most influential works of the 20th century. Modernism emerged in response to World War I and Victorian ideals, featuring experimental styles and questioning social norms. "The Love Song" examines the emptiness of the social world through Prufrock's self-analysis and is a prime example of modernist poetry through its fragmented form and themes.
Modernist poetry emerged in the early 20th century in response to the stylistic conventions of previous eras. It experimented with form and language to capture a world transformed by war, technology, and urbanization. Modernist poems used fragmented structures and incorporated elements of other languages and cultures. This style reflected modernists' disillusionment with social order and their perception of a chaotic world in constant change.
T.S. Eliot was an American-born poet, playwright, and literary critic. He was born in 1888 in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended Harvard University where he received both undergraduate and graduate degrees. After college, he spent time touring Europe before moving to London in 1915. Some of his most famous works include The Waste Land and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Eliot was heavily influenced by myths and used fragmentation in his works to reflect the modern experience. The Waste Land addresses themes of cultural fragmentation in the post-WWI period through its use of allusion and symbols.
Victorian Poet: Alfred Tennyson and Robert BrowningJitendra Sumra
This document provides an introduction to Victorian poets Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning. It summarizes Tennyson's life, works, and style which expressed the doubts and faith of his era. His most famous works included In Memoriam and Idylls of the King. The document also outlines Browning's more obscure style and his works across his career such as Dramatic Lyrics and Men and Women which analyzed the human condition through various characters. In conclusion, it contrasts Tennyson and Browning's approaches with Tennyson prioritizing artistic form and Browning focusing more on the message.
T.S. Eliot was an American-British poet, playwright, and literary critic born in 1888 in Missouri. Some of his most influential works include The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, The Waste Land, and Four Quartets. Eliot's poetry was characterized by disjointed images and allusions to express the disillusionment of the post-WWI period. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948 for works that helped shape modern literature.
The document summarizes key aspects of Romanticism and highlights some of the major Romantic poets. It notes that Romanticism valued individual emotion and expression over rigid forms, and placed importance on nature and mystical experiences. Some of the poets highlighted include William Blake, Robert Burns, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and John Keats.
This document provides an overview of modernism as an artistic movement that began after 1910 across various art forms like literature, music, visual arts and film. It discusses some of the key modernist artists and poets like Joyce, Woolf, Eliot, Picasso and discusses common modernist elements like experimentation, representing the unconscious, and subjective reality. It then focuses on modernist poetry, discussing fragmented styles, international influences, and poets like Yeats and Pound. It provides biographical details and analyses of key works for Eliot and discusses his poem The Waste Land as a seminal modernist work.
The presentation provides an overview of Percy Bysshe Shelley, a major English Romantic poet. It discusses his unconventional life experiences, revolutionary political views, works including "Ozymandias" and "Ode to the West Wind", and themes addressing nature, political liberty, and the role of the poet. Shelley tragically drowned at age 29 while sailing. The presentation examines Shelley's biography, writing style, themes, and influence on subsequent poets to portray him as an idealistic visionary who used his poetry to promote social change.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, his life and works
Prepared by Ahmad Hussain, Department of English,
Abdul Wali khan University Mardan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
Facebook page link for Literary students: www.facebook.com/englitpearls
The document discusses Karl Marx's views and how they have been interpreted and applied in different ways over time. It makes three key points:
1) Marx believed violent revolution was necessary for workers to improve their conditions, but changes in Western countries came through long-term union movements rather than sudden revolution.
2) Some Marxist principles like improving workers' rights were adopted through reforms rather than dismantling the existing system.
3) Not all policies commonly labeled as "Marxist", like Social Security, involved destroying and rebuilding government as Marx predicted. They developed uniquely in different countries.
John Milton was an English poet, pamphleteer, and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell. He was born in 1608 in London and was known from a young age for his devotion to study. He attended St. Paul's School and Christ's College, Cambridge. Some of his major works include Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes, Comus, and Lycidas. Milton was married three times and had several children. He worked as a secretary for foreign tongues under Cromwell's government after losing his sight. Milton had a grand poetic style and was influential in popularizing blank verse. His works dealt with themes of disobedience, redemption, and religious and political freedom
Milton is regarded as one of the greatest English poets, second only to Shakespeare. He was highly educated at Cambridge and wrote many poems and three major works, including Paradise Lost. Paradise Lost is an epic poem about the fall of man through disobedience to God, written in beautiful blank verse over 12 books. It shows Milton's deep religious faith and poetic skill. Milton also wrote Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes, a tragedy about the biblical figure Samson.
(1) William Blake was an English poet and artist in the late 18th/early 19th century known for his Romantic and visionary style. He was strongly influenced by the Bible and John Milton in his early life.
(2) Two of Blake's most famous poems were "The Chimney Sweeper" about exploited child laborers, and "The London" expressing his disillusionment with the increasingly oppressive society in England.
(3) His collection Songs of Innocence and Experience included symbolic poems like "The Sick Rose" and "A Poison Tree" that dealt with themes of corruption and the fallen human condition using mystical imagery. Blake is now considered a seminal figure of the
Alexander Pope An Essay On Man CriticismBrittany Koch
The document provides details about the film A Clockwork Orange and its similarities and differences from the original novel. It discusses the main character Alex DeLarge and his gang's violent criminal acts, including rape and murder. As Alex grows bored with their usual crimes, he asserts his dominance over the gang through physical violence, culminating in the murder of the Cat Lady.
The document provides context about John Milton and his epic poem Paradise Lost. It discusses Milton's life and beliefs during a time of religious and political upheaval in England. Excerpts are presented from Paradise Lost along with discussion questions about the characters of Satan, Sin, Death, Adam and Eve. Students are assigned a group task to analyze extracts from Book IX and present their findings to the class. The lesson aims to teach students about Milton and the Restoration period through examining Paradise Lost.
This document provides biographical information about John Milton, the renowned English poet, pamphleteer, and civil servant. It discusses Milton's education, his prominent literary works produced during different periods of his life, and his political involvement. Milton is considered one of England's greatest writers, known for works like Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes, which he composed after going blind later in life. The document examines Milton's career and significant contributions to English literature during a time of political and religious upheaval in the 17th century.
T.S. Eliot's poem The Waste Land explores the spiritual and moral confusion of the modern world. It uses fragments from various sources without narrative to portray a "waste land" society fragmented by war. Some key aspects include its use of the Grail legend as a framework to discuss themes of fertility and rebirth. It also employs the "objective correlative" technique of using imagery to represent emotions. The poem had a profound influence on modernist literature through its revolutionary structure and style.
The essay discusses different perspectives on defining literature. It notes that literature can be defined broadly as any type of creative writing such as fiction or poetry. Some see literature as works from a specific time period or culture that express elements of that era. Others view literature as writing that uses creative language and leaves aspects open to reader interpretation. While there is no single agreed upon definition, most see literature as creative written works that can reflect or relate to the culture and time of its creation.
John Milton was an English poet born in 1608 in London. He is best known for writing the epic poem Paradise Lost, which was published in 1667 and tells the biblical story of Adam and Eve. Milton went blind later in life and dictated Paradise Lost to his daughters. He died in 1674 at the age of 66.
My Favourite Meal LearnEnglish Teens - BritHeather Love
The story is about an Indian man living in America whose traditionally-minded wife leaves him. He is in denial that she would leave, thinking he had done everything to satisfy her. However, she wanted a more modern relationship with more freedom. He tries to forget her but cannot. He later sees a light that he thinks may be her, showing he has not accepted her departure. The story explores the conflict between traditional and modern mindsets in an immigrant family.
The document provides an overview of 17th century English literature and the metaphysical poetry movement. It discusses the political and religious conflicts during this period, including the English Civil War and Oliver Cromwell's rise. It then examines metaphysical poetry, noting John Donne as the leading poet in this style, which uses intellectual concepts and surprising imagery. The document concludes by analyzing Donne's life, works, and some of his famous poems like "Death, be not proud" which explores religious themes through paradoxes.
The document compares and contrasts the Romantic and Victorian ages in British literature. The Romantic age from the late 18th to early 19th century featured emotional and nature-focused works by poets like Wordsworth and Coleridge. In contrast, the Victorian era from 1837-1901 saw a turn to realism and social issues in novels by writers like Dickens responding to industrialization and inequality. Both periods were reactions to major cultural changes occurring in Britain at the time.
The document provides instructions for requesting an assignment writing service from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, and the company guarantees original, high-quality work or a full refund.
John Milton was born in London in 1608 and was educated at Cambridge, where he began writing poetry. After university, he spent six years studying independently at his family's country home. During this period, he composed several poems. In 1638, Milton took a tour of France and Italy, meeting influential figures like Galileo. He served in Oliver Cromwell's government during the English Civil War, losing his eyesight by 1651. Milton's masterwork, Paradise Lost, was published in 1667 and is considered one of the greatest epic poems in English literature. It had a profound influence on later writers like Alexander Pope and William Wordsworth.
Similar to Milton’s On His Blindness: Eye Sight or Heart Vision - ’حول قصيدة ميلتون في العمى: أبصيرة العين أم رؤية القلب‘ (14)
MODERN SAUDI POETRY: MOHAMMAD HASAN AWWAD’S NIGHT AND ME, IN BALANCE - الشعر ...Al Baha University
الشعر العربي هو جوهر كل الأنواع الأدبية في جميع الدول العربية، وتناغما مع هذا التعميم، من المنطقي أن يكون تطور الشعر في العصر الحديث، بين جميع العرب، يعتبر مدلول ومقياس إيجابي. بناء على هذا البرهان، يمكن القول بنفس المقياس على الأدب السعودي الحديث باعتباره جزءًا جوهرياً مكمل للشعر العربي. حاول الباحث في هذا البحث تبين بعض الجوانب والنقاط الأدبية للشعر العربي الحديث في المملكة العربية السعودية كنموذج على سمو الشعر العربي، مع استشهاد خاص بشاعر سعودي معاصر، وتبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة عن الشعر العربي في الجزيرة العربية. في الجزء الأول من الدراسة، يشير الباحث إلى أهمية الشعر العربي كأحد الأنواع الأدبية العربية، أما الجزء الثاني فيتناول الشعر والحركة الأدبية في المملكة العربية السعودية باعتباره المحور الرئيسي للدراسة، بعد ذلك ، تتقدم المهمة للتعامل مع نموذج الشعر العربي الحديث في المملكة، ومن ثمَ ينتقل البحث للتعامل مع نموذج ومثال للشعر العربي الحديث في المملكة، وهو محمد حسن عواد كشاعر ثائر معاصر وصاحب شعر صارخ، ثم يلقي الباحث الضوء على عدد من الأبيات المختارة لإحدى قصائد عوّاد ’أنا والليل‘، ولتي يتناولها الباحث تحليلاً ونقداً، وتنتهي الدراسة بمناقشة وخاتمة موجزة. الكلمات المفتاحية: الأدب العربي، الحداثة، الشعر العربي، الشعر الحر، سمو، المملكة العربية السعودية
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Arabic poetry is the heart of all types of literature in all Arabic realms. Consistent with this generalization, it can be right that the development of poetry in the modern age, among Arabs, is a positive measure. In that argument, the same would be focused on modern Saudi literature since it is typically considered a central, authoritative, and undivided part of Arabic poetry. In this paper, the researcher has attempted to illustrate some literary aspects of modern Arabic poetry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as an instance of the greatness of Arabic poetry with a particular reference to a contemporary Saudi poet. The study starts with an introduction to the condition of poetry in Arabia. In the first section of the study, the researcher points up the importance of Arabic poetry as an Arabic literature genre. The second section deals with poetry and literary movement in Saudi Arabia as the central section of the investigation. After that, the task moves ahead to deal with a model of modern Arabic poetry in the kingdom, Mohammad Hasan Awwad, a modernized rebellious poet with stark poetry, then the researcher, analytically and critically, sheds light on some selected verses of one of the poems of Awwad, Night and Me. The study finishes with a discussion and a brief conclusion. Keywords: Arabic literature, Arabic poetry, free verse, greatness, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, modernism.
Home in the Poetry of Saudi Arabia Poets: Abdus-Salam Hafeth an Example of a ...Al Baha University
المستخلص:
تهدف هذه الدراسة، التي تحمل عنوان
" Home in the Poetry of Saudi Arabia Poets: Abdus-Salam Hafeth an Example of a Distinguished Arab (2)"،
إلى إلقاء الضوء على بعض الجوانب الأدبية في الشعر العربي السعودي الحديث، مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن كمثال على مكانة الشعر السعودي الحديث، في إشارة خاصة إلى الشاعر السعودي المعاصر عبد السلام هاشم حافظ، يسعى الباحث إلى إظهار فطنة وملكة الشاعر من خلال إبراز مدينته الرائعة، المدينة المنورة، كرمز لحبه للوطن الجلل الجليل - المملكة العربية السعودية، تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة موجزة عن الشعر العربي ولغته العربية الفصحى. ثم تعرض الدراسة صورة رمزية للشاعر السعودي المتميز عبد السلام هاشم حافظ والشعر السعودي بشكل عام، بعد ذلك، تتبنى الدراسة نهجًا تحليليًا نقديًا لمتنن الدراسة المتمثل في شرح عدد من الابيات الشعرية – من البيت الشعري الخامس الى الثامن من قصيدة حافظ، "الشوق يا وطني"، مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن باعتباره الموضوع الجوهري وكذلك التطرق الى موهبة الشاعر في استخدام اللغة العربية كلغة عظيمة وجليلة، في النهاية، ينتهي البحث بالفرضيات والتوصيات، ان وجدت.
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Abstract
This study aims to shed light on some literary aspects of modern Saudi Arabic poetry, focusing on the concept of homeland as an example of the standing of modern Saudi poetry, with a specific reference to a contemporary Saudi poet, Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth. The researcher seeks to show the poet's intellect by showing his gorgeous metropolis as a symbol of his love for the grand home - the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study begins with a brief introduction to Arabic poetry and its language. Then it gives a symbolic picture of the outstanding Saudi poet – Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth and Saudi poetry in general. Following that, the study takes a critical-analytical approach to the second four verse lines of Hafeth's poem, 'Nostalgia, Oh my Home,' focusing on the concept of home as its main theme as well talent of the poet in using the grand Arabic language. Eventually, the research is concluded with a short premise and comments.
الوطن في شعر شعراء المملكة العربية السعودية: عبد السلام هاشم حافظ نموذج الشاع...Al Baha University
ملخص:
الشعر العربي الفصيح هو أحد اهم المرتكزات الادبية لجميع انواع الأدب في جميع البلدان والأقاليم العربية منذ عصر ما قبل الإسلام. هذه الدراسة عبارة عن محاولة لإلقاء الضوء على بعض الجوانب الأدبية للشعر العربي السعودي الحديث مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن كتوضيح لمكانة الشعر العربي السعودي الحديث في إشارة خاصة للشاعر السعودي المعاصر عبد السلام هاشم حافظ.
قد يكون من البديهي أن تطور الشعر العربي في العصر الحالي بين الشعراء والكتاب والنقاد العرب هو مقياس إيجابي، ومن الطبيعي أن يعمم الأمر والسياق نفسه عن الشعر السعودي المعاصر من حيث كونه جزء من الشعر العربي الواسع ومتطابقاً معه نظرًا لأنه يعتبر بطبيعة الحال مقياساً أساسياً ومتصل بالشعر العربي، من خلال ذلك كله يسعى الباحث إلى توضيح فِكرُ الشاعر عبد السلام هاشم حافظ في تصوير مدينته المجيدة كممثل لعشقه للوطن الكبير - المملكة العربية السعودية.
تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة موجزة عن الشعر العربي ووسيطه الأساسي المتمثل في اللغة العربية المجيدة، ثم تمضي قدماً تحليلياً لاستعراض مكانة وَمَلَكَةُ الشاعر السعودي عبد السلام هاشم حافظ، بعد ذلك، تجسد الدراسة موقفاً تحليلياً وناقداً للأربعة الابيات الأولى من قصيدة حافظ، التي تحمل عنوان ’الشوق، يا وطني‘ ، مع التركيز على مفهوم الوطن كونه الموضوع الرئيس في هذه الدراسة، وتنتهي الدراسة بالتوصيات، ان جدت، ثم خاتمة موجزة.
ABSTRACT:
Classical Arabic poetry is the core of all categories of literature in all Arabic lands, territories, and realms since the age of pre-Islam. This study is an attempt to shed light on some literary facets of modern Saudi Arabic poetry focusing on the concept of homeland as an illustration of the standing of modern Saudi Arabic poetry with a particular indication to a contemporary Saudi poet, Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth. It can be right that the progress of Arabic poetry in the present age, among Arab poets, writers, and critics has a positive measure. It is true to generalize that the same would be identical to current innovative Saudi poetry given that it is naturally considered a principal, commanding, and uninterrupted measure of Arabic poetry. The researcher endeavors to illustrate the poet's intellectuality in depicting his glorious city as a representative of his adoration for the big home - the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study commences with a concise introduction. Then, it analytically moves ahead to inspect the noteworthy Saudi poet – Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth. After that, the study portrays a critical-analytical attitude to the first four-verse lines of the poem of Hafeth, ‘Nostalgia, Oh my Home’, focusing on the concept of home as its principal theme. In conclusion, the study ends with a concise assumption and recommendations.
Keywords: Abdus-Salam Hashem Hafeth, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Arabic literature, Arabic poetry, home in poetry, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi poetry,
The Influence of Ibrahim Khafaji as Arabic Lyric Poet - تأثير إبراهيم خفاجي: ...Al Baha University
This document summarizes the influence of Ibrahim Khafaji as an Arabic lyric poet in Saudi Arabia. It begins with an introduction to Arabic poetry as a prominent genre in ancient and modern Arabic literature. It then provides a brief overview of contemporary poetry in Saudi Arabia and its development. The document focuses on analyzing Khafaji's contributions as a significant modern Saudi poet, examining one of his poems in detail. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of Arabic poetry in recording Arab history and culture.
A Voice of Arabs Taabbata-Sharran: A Bandit by Name a Poet of Pride - صوت من...Al Baha University
The magnitude of the Arabic language holds back from its being one of the unblemished languages in its brilliance and its reiterated capability to adapt to countless different sciences and knowledge. The Arabic language has reached creativity and ingenuity in diverse fields and genres of literature in which the supreme is poetry. This article attempts to present the inner landscapes of Taabbata-Sharran and his profession placing him in the context of both his social milieu and his age.
The paper aims at studying the figurative, allegorical and appealing images in Al-Gafiah of Taabbata-Sharran in which it follows the inferential inductive critical methodology concentrating analytically on his Al-Gafiah poem. The study attempts to divulge in the analysis the appealing qualities and poetic matters as well as the rhetorical images in it with particular reference to the first ten verse lines. The article begins with an introduction to Arabia and the Arabic Poetic Language then shifts to shed light on the poet Taabbata-Sharran as a great poet of Arabia, the center of the Arabic language. It is concluded with a brief examination and comments on the poem Al-Gafiah trying to catch on the original Arab ideals, morals, integrity, and beliefs in the pre-Islamic Epoch it contains.
Hassan ibn Thabit: An Original Arabic Tongue (1) حسان بن ثابت: لسان عربي أصيل Al Baha University
حسان بن ثابت واحد من أعظم الشعراء الذين عاشوا خلال عصرين متميّزين للأمة العربية في الجزيرة العربية، الفترة ما قبل الإسلامية والحقبة الإسلامية، قدم حسان خلالها صور حلو الشمائل عن العرب قبل الإسلام وبعده، في هذه الورقة الأدبية، يحاول الباحث سبر غور عمق الشعر العربي عند حسان بن ثابت كأنموذج على عظمة اللغة الشعرية العربية. يستحق الشاعر، حسان بن ثابت، دراسة أدبية، مركزاً، بشكل رئيسي على شعره كنوع من التراث والموروث للغة العربية الفصحى.
تعاملاً مع واحدة من القصائد الشهيرة لحسان بن ثابت، فإن هذه الورقة البحثية تستخدم الأسلوب التحليلي النقدي، والذي تبدأ بمقدمة موجزة عن الشعر العربي ثم تنتقل الورقة لإلقاء الضوء على العرب واللغة الشعرية العربية، ثم يلقي الباحث الضوء على الشاعر حسان بن ثابت، صاحب الملكات اللغوية العربية الغير عادية، وبعد ذلك، تنتقل الدراسة لتركز بشكل أوسع على التحليل والوصف لأول سِتة عشر بيتاً شعرياً من قصيدة حسان بن ثابت الشهيرة المعروفة باسم (قافية الألف). هذا الجزء هو الجزء الرئيسي التي تحاول الدراسة إثباتها من خلال شعر حسان بن ثابت، وتختتم هذه الورقة البحثية بملخص نهائي قصير.
Hassan ibn (son of) Thabit is one of the greatest poets who lived within two distinguished ages of the Arabic nations in Arabia, the pre-Islamic period and the Islamic period. He presented graceful pictures of Arabs before Islam and after Islam. In this literary paper, the investigator attempts to probe the depth of the Arabic poetry of Hassan ibn Thabit as an instance of the magnitude of Arabic poetic tongue. The poet Hassan ibn Thabit deserves a literary investigation paying attentiveness mostly to his poetry as a tradition and legacy of the classical Arabic poetic language.
In dealing with one of the famous poems of Ibn Thabit, the paper operates the critical-analytical method. It starts with a succinct introduction about Arabic poetry then the paper progresses to illuminate Arabs and Arabic poetic tongue. Subsequently, the researcher goes to shed light on the poet, Hassan ibn Thabit as a poet of an unusual Arabic language. After that, it goes on to focus more with analysis and wasf (description) on the first sixteen verse lines of Hassan ibn Thabit's renowned poem known as the Alef rhymed (قافية الألف). This part is the central division of the study in which it attempts to verify via the poetry of Hassan Ibn Thabit. The paper is ended with a short conclusion.
Thu Al-Ausb’a Al-'Adwani: An Arabic Poet of Acuity with Eternal Arguments - ...Al Baha University
This document provides an overview of the Arabic poet Thu Al-Ausb'a Al-'Adwani. It discusses his life, noting he was from the powerful tribe of Adwan. The document analyzes some of Thu Al-Ausb'a's poetry, highlighting his wisdom and perspectives. It also provides context on the importance of poetry in pre-Islamic Arabic culture and how poets like Thu Al-Ausb'a helped establish classical Arabic.
On the Poetry of The Dog Beneath the Skin - حول الشعر في مسرحية: ’الكلب المتن...Al Baha University
تعتبر مسرحية ’الكلب المتنكر تحت الجلد‘ هي أولى المسرحيات التي اشترك في تأليفها كل من ’ويستن هيو اُودن‘ (Wystan Hugh Auden) و ’كريستوفر إيشروود‘ (Christopher Isherwood)، وهذه المسرحية تعتبر مسرحية شعرية تُحدِث لدى المؤلفين تحدٍ من أجل النجاح لسببين؛ الأول كون هذه المسرحية تكتب شعراً، والسبب الثاني كونها مشتركة في التأليف وما يصاحب ذلك من صعوبة، الدراسة من خلال الشريكين في التأليف، تحاول أن تعرض إلى أي حد استطاعا إنجاز نوع من النجاح في تعاملهما مع مسرحيةٍ شعريةٍ، الدراسة أيضاً تسعى إلى اقتفاء الخصائص الشعرية في مسرحية ’الكلب المتنكر تحت الجلد‘ وتسعى إلى التحقق من القدرة والامكانية في تأليف مسرحية شعرية بالمشاركة، ويتخذ هذا البحث طابع الدراسة التحليلية النقدية كنهج حول مسرحية اشترك في تأليفها كل من ’إيشروود و اُودن‘.
هذه الدراسة تتعقب بإيجاز نشأة وتطور المسرح الشعري منذ نشأته حتى القرن العشرين مروراً بنوعية التعاون في التأليف بين ’إيشروود و اُودن‘، وتُختَتَم في جزئها الرئيسي باستنباط وتحليل الخصائص والعناصر الشعرية في مسرحية ’الكلب المتنكر تحت الجلد‘.
The Dog Beneath the Skin is the first play to be coauthored between Wystan Hugh Auden and Christopher Isherwood. It is a play written in verse, which creates a challenge of success for the dramatists for two reasons, the first is that it deals with verse, the second it is collaborative. The study through the collaborators, trying to show, to what extent, both achieved attainment in dealing with verse drama. This study also endeavors to trace the poetic features in The Dog Beneath the Skin and to attempt proving the capability and controllability in writing successful drama in verse through collaboration. This paper is done by using an analytic-critical method. It is an approach to a drama shared by both Auden and Isherwood.
The study tersely traces the growth and elaboration of poetic drama until the twentieth century. It goes through the sort of collaboration between Auden and Isherwood. It is concluded by examining and analyzing, its central part, the poetic features and essentials in the play The Dog Beneath the Skin.
Judgmental Point of View on Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus (1) وجهة نظر ناقدة حول م...Al Baha University
The Elizabethan poet-dramatist Christopher Marlowe is one of the most distinguished literary figures who put a touchable print and significantly contributed to the English literature through various masterpieces such as The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus. The main character is Doctor Faustus, who surpasses in many fields of learnings but unfortunately, he detours his track searching for unlimited power and influence. The paper attempts to shed light on some critical and condemnatory points of view on Elizabethan theater with particular reference to Doctor Faustus as a person of extravagant ambition, an experienced philosopher who rejects natural sciences to metaphysical powers. This task might be extended with more investigations to deal with the two broad points fully; the Elizabethan theater and Doctor Faustus. This study comes to an end with a concise summary as an initial conclusion.
Eliot’s Treatment of the Chorus: A Steady Logical Structure (1): The Rock and...Al Baha University
This study is an investigative method on Thomas Stearns Eliot’s multipart theatrical development and progress in the use of a very ancient dramatic technique. It is the implementation of the chorus in his dramas. The paper is an attempt to shed light on the way Eliot employs the technique of the chorus into his plays. The study tries to track the procedure of Eliot in applying the chorus in his plays, tracing the development he reached with particular reference to The Rock and Murder in the Cathedral as Case in Point and as an imitation of the ancient Greek style and device. It equally, sheds light on the traditional Greek dramas from which Eliot hunted his themes. The study -analytically and critically – starts with an introduction on Eliot and his theory on the chorus. Then the task moves ahead to deal with the usage of the chorus in The Rock. After that, the work shifts to the second point that investigates the play Murder in the Cathedral and to be followed by the conclusion.
Eliot’s Treatment of the Chorus: A Steady Logical Structure (2) The Family Re...Al Baha University
This study is a follow up investigative method on T. S. Eliot’s complex theatrical growth and progress in the handling of a very ancient dramatic technique. It is the functioning of the chorus in his dramas. The study is a continuous attempt to shed light on the means Eliot employs the technique of the chorus into his dramas. The study tries to track the procedure of Eliot in employing the chorus in his plays, tracing the development he reached with particular reference to The Family Reunion and The Cocktail Party as Case in Point and comparing Eliot’s imitation of the ancient Greek technique and device in these two plays. The study – analytically and critically – commences with an introduction on Eliot and his theory on the importance of the chorus. Then the task moves ahead to manage and analyze the usage of the chorus in The Family Reunion. Subsequently, the work shifts to the second point that investigates the play The Cocktail Party and to be followed by a conclusion.
Eliot’s Treatment of the Chorus: A Steady Logical Structure (3) The Confident...Al Baha University
This study is a scrutiny investigative approach on T. S. Eliot’s complex dramaturgical development and progress in the implementation of a very olden dramatic practice. It is the operational of the chorus in Eliot’s verse dramas. This analysis is the third continuous effort to track the treatment that he employs in dealing with the chorus from antiquity to a modern approach. The study tries to pursue the procedure of Eliot in using the chorus in his dramas, tracing the progress Eliot reached with particular reference to his two final plays The Confidential Clerk and The Elder Statesman as Case in Point. The study uses descriptive-analytical and critical methodology. It begins with a brief outline of Eliot and his theoretical views on the merits and demerits of the chorus in drama. Then the task moves ahead to examine and analyze Eliot's usage of the chorus in The Confidential Clerk. Later, the work moves to the next part that explores the play The Elder Statesman. The study ends with discussion, conclusion, and recommendations if there is any.
The Eminence of Poetic Arabic Language: Lamiyyat Al Arab of Ash-Shanfara Exam...Al Baha University
إن أهمية اللغة العربية تعود إلى كونها واحدة من أكثر اللغات وضوحاً في تألقها وقدرتها المتكررة على التكيف مع عدد لا يحصى من العلوم والمعارف الأخرى، وصلت اللغة العربية إلى الإبداع والأصالة في مختلف مجالات الأدب المختلفة التي يكون فيها الشعر أعظم ما يكون.
تهدف الورقة البحثية إلى إمعان النظر في الصور الرمزية والبلاغية والجمالية في قصيدة "لامية العرب" للشنفرى والتي يتبع فيها الباحث المنهج النقدي الاستدلالي والاستقرائي الذي يركز بشكل تحليلي على الأبيات العشرة الأولى من القصيدة، وتحاول الدراسة أن تكشف تحليلا بتعمق للصفات الجمالية والمواضيع الشعرية وكذلك الصور الرمزية والاستعارية في القصيدة، حيث تبدأ الدراسة بمقدمة عن الجزيرة العربية ولغتها العربية الشعرية ثم تنتقل لإلقاء الضوء على الشاعر الشنفرى كشاعر عربي عظيم، تختتم بتحليل وتعليقات على قصيدة "لامية العرب" التي تحاول ابراز القيم العربية الأصلية، والاصيلة والأخلاق والمبادئ في عصر ما قبل الإسلام التي تحتوي عليها.
The significance of the Arabic language holds back from its being one of the most explicit languages in its brilliance and its repeated ability to adapt to countless other sciences and knowledge. The Arabic language has reached creativity and originality in different fields of literature in which the greatest is poetry.
The paper aims at scrutinizing the figurative, rhetorical and aesthetic images in Lamiyyat Al Arab by Ash-Shanfara in which it follows the deductive, inductive critical approach focusing analytically on the first ten verses of the poem. Applying the historical-analytical method, the study attempts to reveal in the in-depth analysis of the aesthetic qualities and poetic issues as well as the figurative images in the poem. It commences with an introduction on Arabia and Poetic Language then moves to shed light on the protagonist-poet Ash-Shanfara as a great Arabic poet to be concluded with analysis and comments on the poem Lamiyyat Al-Arab trying to find out the original Arab values, morals, ethics, and tenets in the pre-Islam era it contains.
Hassan ibn Thabit: An Original Arabic Tongue (2) حسان بن ثابت: لسان عربي أصيل Al Baha University
As it is suggested and recommended in the first part of a previous paper that carries the same title, this paper is a continuous effort not to claim to be wide-ranging in mastering a poetic piece as one sort of expressive manuscript in Arabic but an impartial effort through analytical assessment of a poem. The study is limited to a few selected verses of Hassan ibn Thabit poem named ‘Al Alef rhymed (قافية الألف).’ It is a representative of the Arabic tongue and its magnificence. It is a piece of poetry that cannot be examined and scrutinized in a short paper like this.
The study focuses, with analysis, on six verse lines – 17/22 – of Hassan ibn Thabit's poem mentioned above. It employs an analytical and critical method, makes an effort to illustrate the inspiration of Arabic poetry as a means of the tongue and its grandeur and glory. The study initiates with an introduction raising the importance of Arabic classical poetic tongue. Then it goes go forward to give a picture of Hassan ibn Thabit as a man and a poet. The researcher, then, shifts to the foremost segment of the study, attempting to bring an interpretation to some selected verses of Hassan’s above-mentioned long poem. The paper reaches its conclusion by a concise discussion and recommendatory afterword.
الملك لير والمهرج لشكسبير: تبادل الأدوار - Shakespeare’s King Lear and the Fo...Al Baha University
السلوك الطبيعي والمقبول هو أن أي الملك يفترض أن يسلك سلوك الملوك وفي المقابل فالمهرج، من الطبيعي أن يظهر من سلوكه نوع من السذاجة والحمق والفكاهة، لكن الفكرة في مسرحية ’الملك لير‘ King Lear لوليام شكسبير معكوسة، كقارئ للمسرحية، أعتقد أن ’لير‘ هو الملك ويفترض أن يتصرف كملك يتمثل المسئولية والواجب وفقاً لمنصبه، من المتوقع أن يكون سلوك المهرج ينم عن أنشطة فكاهية ومسلية.
تهدف هذه الدراسة، في محاولة، لسبر غور مفهوم ’انعدام العقلانية‘ ومقابلها ’الحكمة‘ من أجل إظهار الأدوار العميقة المقلوبة للشخصيتين الرئيسيتين ’لير‘ و’المهرج‘؛ يُعنى بالدراسة إيضاح السلوك الهزلي الفكاهي في شخصية الملك ’لير‘ وفي المقابل إبراز السلوك الحكيم والمتبصر لدى شخصية ’المهرج‘ من خلال إتباع المنهج التحليلي الناقد.
الدراسة تُستهلُ بمقدمةِ موجزةِ عن شكسبير وعن مسرحيتهِ ’الملك لير، King Lear، ثم تقومُ الدراسةُ في الجزءِ الرئيسي الأول بالتعليقِ تحليلياً عن سلوكياتِ ’لير‘ كشخصيةٍ هزليةٍ تمزجُ بين السخريةِ والتصرفِ الغير ملائم، ثم تُتبعُ بالجزءِ الرئيسي الثاني الذي يَتمحورُ حولَ أوجه الحكمة في سلوكيات شخصية ’المهرج‘، ومن ثم تنتهي بخاتمةٍ موجزةٍ.
The natural and accepted behavior is that a king should behave like a king. In a different way, a fool might show the conduct of a comedian or a silly person, but the notion in Shakespeare’s King Lear can be seen reversing. As a reader of the play, I believe that Lear is a king and should show responsibility and obligation according to his title. It is expected that the Fool behaves with amusing and humorous activities.
This study aims to explore the concepts of ‘irrationality’ and its conflicting ‘wisdom’ to illustrate the profound inverted roles of the two major characters ‘Lear and the Fool’. Through an analytical and critical examination, the study is meant to expose the comic conducts of King Lear and on the other side, the wisdom sides of the Fool.
The paper starts with an introduction about Shakespeare and the sources of the play, then analytically comments, in its first central part, on the behavior of Lear as a comic person mixing hilarity and inconvenient conduct. It is followed by the second central part which deals with the aspects of wisdom in the behavior of the Fool. Then the paper ends with a concise conclusion.
Critical Reflections on Frost’s The Road Not Taken - تأملات ناقدة حول قصيدة ف...Al Baha University
This document appears to be the cover of an academic journal on social sciences published by the Arab Center for Democracy and Strategic Studies in Berlin, Germany. It lists the editorial board which includes professors and researchers from Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Sudan, Palestine and Libya. It states that the journal publishes peer-reviewed original research papers in Arabic, English and French on topics related to social sciences. It provides instructions that submitted works must be original and unpublished elsewhere, and authors must confirm that the content is their own work.
Contemporary Drama in the Arab World: Commencement and Evolution (1) المسرح ا...Al Baha University
Drama has echoed and paralleled the life, customs, conduct, and general living traditions of society from its dim commencements on the ancient auditoriums and the banks of the Nile in olden Egypt approximately six thousand years ago. Drama is an advanced and simple means of recording and documenting human effort. There are many central playwrights significantly contributed to the progress and evolution of Arabic drama and theater and tended to perform dramatic representations within many Arabic countries throughout time and place.
This study is an attempt to shed light on two pioneer dramatists who were the first innovators, paving the way for the development of Arabic drama and theater. The first is the Lebanese Marun An-Naqqash, and the second is the Syrian Ahmad Abu Khalil Al-Qabbani. The paper is analytically and critically charted with an introduction. Then, it deals with a brief notion on the meaning of drama, focusing mainly on poetic drama and the origin and development of Arabic Drama. The central part copes with the two pioneers, An-Naqqash, and Al-Qabbani, shedding light on the struggle they made to give life to a very famous genre called drama. The paper reaches the end with a brief conclusion and recommendations if any.
The Conflict of Virtue and Corruption in Shaw's Major Barbara: A Perspective ...Al Baha University
This study focuses on analyzing the conflict between good and evil, and to ascertain the importance of justice and rights in society through a crucial factor that touches all people – poverty and wealth. It aims to detect the measure of the Islamic hints of George Bernard Shaw with particular reference to one of his great plays, Major Barbara, which focused on economy, money, and poverty. The paper begins with a general introduction about some social and dramatic philosophical indications of George Bernard Shaw. After that, it shifts to shed light on (1) the perspective of the dramatist, Bernard Shaw, on the contrastive concept of Good against Evil and (2) the analysis on the central part of the study illustrating the perspectives of the play. Then the paper ends with a summary of the results and a discussion of the study to be followed by the conclusion. The study applies the deductive, critical, and analytical approach as a suitable method of literary research.
Arabic Contemporary Poetic Drama Ali Ahmed Ba Kathir A Pioneer - المسرح الشعر...Al Baha University
Many central playwrights significantly contributed to the progress and advancement of Arabic drama. They were apt to achieve dramatic illustrations in several Arabic countries all the way through ages and places. Still, this study attempts to shed light on an innovator poet-dramatist who represents many cultures and experiences. It aims at displaying the most significant features of renovation associated with the development of the modern Arabic poetic drama that employs history and social problems to present a vision for Arabic literature in the contemporary age. The researcher adopts the critical-descriptive approach in analyzing the poet-dramatist, Ali Ahmad Ba-Kathir, and two of his poetic dramas. It is mapped with an introductory overview dealing with a concise notion of drama, concentrating predominantly on poetic drama. The foremost part copes with the developer and pioneer Ali Ahmad Ba-Kathir, focusing on his thoughts and experiences in the field. The paper, then, moves ahead to deal with two verse plays as a model of his craftsmanship and mastery. After that, the study finishes with a brief argument and/or recommendations and an end.
Mua'llagat Zohayr ibn Abi Solma: Elegant Piece of Arabic Poetry (1) - معلقة ز...Al Baha University
Zohayr ibn Abi Solma is identified as an eminent poet who produced poetry distinguished with preeminence in courtly and virtuous love. The study employs an analytical and critical methodology, attempting to elucidate the influence of virtuous love narrated by the poet in the first verse lines of his great Mua'llagah. It employs the critical-descriptive-analytical approach. It commences with a terse introductory synopsis shedding light on the importance of classical Arabic language and its involvement with poetry. It goes on to shed light on Zohayr ibn Abi Solma, the person and the poet. The next section is dealing with selected verse lines from Al-Mualagah of Zohayr. The paper attempts to prove, via poetry of Zohayr ibn Abi Solma, the greatness of the Arabic classical poetry and demonstrate the aptitudes of the poet through his Mua'llagah. It is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the greatness of Arabic language then it moves to the second part that focuses of Arabic Poetry: Treasure of Wisdom. The third part sheds light on the poet's Courtly Love and the last main part goes with analytical and critical endeavor to the first ten verse lines of Al-Mua'llagah of Zohayr. It comes to an end with a conclusion.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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Milton’s On His Blindness: Eye Sight or Heart Vision - ’حول قصيدة ميلتون في العمى: أبصيرة العين أم رؤية القلب‘
1. Shikshan Sanshodhan : Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN: 2581-6241 Volume - 3, Issue - 1, Jan-Feb – 2020
Bi-Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal Impact Factor: 3.589
Received on : 28/01/2019 Accepted on : 16/02/2020 Publication Date: 28/02/2020
Available online on – shikshansanshodhan.researchculturesociety.org Page 103
Milton’s On His Blindness: Eye Sight or Heart Vision
Dr. Yahya Saleh Hasan Dahami
Associate Professor, English Department,
Faculty of Science and Arts Al Mandaq
Al Baha University – KSA
Email: dahami02@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION:
The most constant and projecting literary achievement of the Seventeenth Century was in poetry. John Milton
is undoubtedly the most extraordinary, remarkable, and astonishing poet of the century following Shakespeare He
worked as an official secretary. Milton got his master's gradation from Cambridge University in 1632. The family's
monetary wealth got him to hit the books of classical and traditional languages. "He then retired to the family residences
in London. He started writing poems when he was young such as On Shakespeare. Milton wrote several literary works
during his life” (Dahami, 2017b, p. 45). A number of his notable works are Paradise Lost (1667), Samson Agonistes
(1671), Paradise Regained (1671), sonnets, pamphlets, and several other literary works such as poems and prose.
Milton was born in 1608 in London, a son of a wealthy scrivener and composer. It is known that Milton is a
pioneer in sonnets composing; he writes political sonnets, occasional sonnets, elegiac sonnets, and sonnets of personal
meditation, like this one. He received an outstanding education in different languages such as Latin, French, Italian, and
Greek owing to the financial standing of his family. Literature was a particular preferred with Milton, where he started
writing his personal poetry when he was young and started to make a name for himself as a public speaker and orator.
In 1632, Milton went back to Hammersmith for almost three years and then to Horton, in which he devoted his time to
concentrated study and writing.
The poet Milton is recognized as one of the actual highest and most influential poets of England as an eminent
as Chaucer, Lyly, Shakespeare, and many others. As a great literary figure, he could write together poetry and prose.
Then in poetry, he had the ability to write different categories of poetry such as pastoral, epic, elegy, poetic play, sonnet,
and several others. His supreme famous and significant piece of poetry is the startling epic Paradise Lost that has been
at the focus of considerable literary criticism from the time Milton until nowadays. His sonnets did not receive significant
critical consideration as other poems.
John Milton became at the age of 36 in 1644. He initially perceived difficulties with his sight during that year,
problems that frequently barred him from reading. Conceivably, at that time, Milton wrote Sonnet 16 that was given a
new title On His Blindness later after his death as an anticipation of his subsequent blindness. Many critics may believe
that the misery apparent in the poem might have been so intensely sensed soon after the complete onset of his loss of
sight.
Milton fights in the sonnet On His Blindness with frustration at becoming blind and with his own sense of how
significant it is to enjoy one’s aptitudes well. On His Blindness was likely composed during an epoch in the early 1650s
in which his sightlessness became thorough in 1652. “In 1652, he became utterly blind” (Dahami, 2020a). The poem
records how he comes to appreciate a higher idea of service. Furthermore, the emotive baseline of On His Blindness –
“its grounding in the poet's experience of marital love, desire, and loss - does not preclude its evoking another kind of
desire: a longing to fulfill the spiritual vocation that would lead Milton to find divine inspiration in physical blindness”
(DiPasquale, 2001). Besides, to a great extent, in this sonnet, “Milton places the emphasis, not on his suffering or
disability, but rather on his fear of being punished” by God (Joshua, 2018).
Abstract: John Milton, in his Sonnet 16 'On his Blindness,' meditates on the disturbing effect blindness has had on
his whole life and literary works. He compares his lost vision with 'light spent' and grieves not the handicap in
itself but the restrictions it carries out on his work as a literary figure, particularly a poet. His poetic skill is
significant to him that he describes it as that one talent,' signifying it is the only talent that is of importance.
This study is an attempt to analyze the concepts of blindness, sight, light, vision, and obedience with
particular reference to his poem, sonnet 18 or 'On his blindness.' It starts with an introduction to John Milton as
a poet. After that, it shifts to discuss the concept of Vision or Sight. Then, the study goes on to deal with the concept
of obedience. Next, it sheds light on the concepts of Blindness and Light. Afterward, the task moves to close with
a conclusion. In this paper, the researcher applies the critical-analytical approach.
Key Words: blindness, light, Milton, obedience, poetry, seventeenth-century, sight, vision.
2. Shikshan Sanshodhan : Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN: 2581-6241 Volume - 3, Issue - 1, Jan-Feb – 2020
Bi-Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal Impact Factor: 3.589
Received on : 28/01/2019 Accepted on : 16/02/2020 Publication Date: 28/02/2020
Available online on – shikshansanshodhan.researchculturesociety.org Page 104
2. VISION OR SIGHT:
Milton in On His Blindness considers how his eyesight is used up in the world; for Milton, the profoundly
devout poet eyesight may mean an inner light or even spiritual aptitude. The poet guesses that his life is not yet finished,
but half of it remains nonetheless. The phrase "in this dark world and wide"1
is a distinctive way of the different ways
that the poet handles adjectives; he is skilled in putting an adjective in front of the noun and another after it. The line,
according to Milton, tells us that the narrator speaks of a lousy help who ignores his master's aptitude instead of using
it positively; he is 'cast into outer darkness.' There is a reference to a literal talent of Milton himself as a talented poet.
In the poem, On His Blindness, Milton contemplates on the devastating consequence sightlessness has had on his work
and life. He compares his vanished eyesight with 'light spent,' and laments not the handicap in and of itself, but the
inadequacy it obliges on his production as a poet. Milton's poetic talent is so significant to him that he entitles it "that
one talent" (p. 86) proposing and signifying it is the only aptitude that matters. Its communication has been solidified
dreadful as a result of his blindness. Milton's inadequacy is principally distressing since he desires more than ever to
write verse but appears to see no way to carry on. Blindness forced double incompetence on the poetic activity of Milton.
In a broad sense, sightlessness made verse a problematic activity because it is challenging for a blind poet to put words
to paper. Furthermore, Milton's idea of epic poetry assumed a high level of enlightenment. The damage of his eyesight
meant he is no longer able to read, and as a result, he will not be able to learn either.
Eliot's vision bleached slowly over approximately a decade. Misfortune appeared to start in 1644, once he
observed difficulties in reading. Milton, when defined his early indications as 'a sort of rainbow,' which obscured
whatever he was searching. That was tracked by fog in the left eye that progressively blotted out all things on that side.
When On His Blindness was inscribed, Milton obviously apologized for the lost time he had wasted not creating poetry
as his ambition.
Milton's loss of sight was an anticipated disaster. The problem started in his family, in which his mother had
terrible eyesight.
The terms 'vision', 'sight,' and 'seeing' … mean the physical act of perceiving an image with the eyes. Other
occasions call for the employment of the term "vision" as a sign of spiritual manifestation and further as a mental
image, what Milton would have necessarily employed most often as a blind poet (Silverman Jr, 2011, p. 6).
Milton’s life transformed totally as his care shifted from personal interests to public concerns because of the
approaching of the Commonwealth movement and the English Civil War. “He was the spokesperson of his political
party, which was the ruling party, in the late 1640s and early 1650s” (Flannagan, 2002, p. 12). During the early 1640s,
he hastily left off composing of poetry for prose writing, shifting to write pamphlets where he contrasted what he
considered widespread episcopal oppression. Milton “destroyed his sight writing pamphlets in support of the execution
of the king by Parliament. Milton said that he lost his sight voluntarily, defending freedom; he spoke of that noble task
and never complained of being blind” (Borges, 1999, p. 102). He declared his Puritan fidelity and loyalty in tracts that
he claimed the need to restore the easiness of the religion and to wash out the English Church of all remnants of Roman
Catholicism. Later with two years, he married Mary Powell, the first wife, who did not stay with him for a long time
and left him to her family. Milton “got married to Mary, the daughter of Mr. Powel, a justice of the peace in Oxfordshire
in his thirty-five years in 1642" (Dahami, 2020a). Milton then married again, and after three years, his first wife returned
to him. Marriage was deemed a consecrated institution by the churches of England. Divorce was very seldom approved
in Milton's time, only on the argument of disloyalty or impotence.
It is probable that Milton was present at the open execution of Charles I. When Charles I was put to death in
1649, Milton moved in the political argument by producing The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, which was a
declaration of the right of a people to remove a tyrant of the chair. Milton is known as a political left who accepted to
become a secretary of Cromwell for foreign affairs, where he issued many tracts on different issues about church and
state. He suspended a journey to the continent in 1639 once he has got to know of the religious arguments in England.
Then returned home; Milton became an active protester in the movement that ultimately brought down Charles I. Milton
was a severe believer in personal freedoms. He engraved numerous pamphlets, booklets, and different other literary
works in support of the Puritan rebels and for Commonwealth headed by Cromwell. Milton, in his work Of Reformation,
for instance, did not hesitate to criticize the Church, or the King himself, which is understood in his work Eikonoklastes
to articulate values wherein he believed. His last fourteen years were spent in a comparatively peaceful retreat in London
and its suburbs. Milton reached a complete loss of the sight approximately around 1652 since then he gradually devoted
the majority of his time for writing poetry. He spent a good deal of mornings dictating passages which he had memorized
at night; this sort of behavior took place during the time of writing of Paradise Lost which was published in 1667 then
followed by Paradise Regained after four years with approximately the production of Samson Agonistes, a poetic play,
enclosed in the volume of Paradise Regained. John Milton died in 1674 of gout.
1
Milton, J. (2009). The Complete Poems of John Milton, New York: Cosimo, Inc. p. 86. [ all lines of the sonnet ‘On His Blindness’
are cited from this source unless stated otherwise; the number of the page is followed.]
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3. OBEDIENCE :
“Lodged with me useless” (p. 86) refers to the uselessness of his talent now because he is losing his vision.
Though my soul more bent
To serve therewith my Maker (p. 86)
might be approximately interpreted as even though his soul is even more motivated to work for God with such talent.
The poet wishes eventually to 'present his true account,' or show a proper interpretation of himself and the service to
God. The fifth line expresses the speaker's longing to serve God by means of poetry and to use such aptitudes for the
magnificence of God. "When I consider how my light is spent" (p. 86). "This line captures the central argument of the
sonnet—that blindness does not prevent one from serving God because God demands obedience rather than great deeds"
(Cohen, 2017).
The line might also refer to the coming of Jesus. “Lest he returning chide” (p. 86) is interpreted as he will not
reproach or rebuke any when he comes back. Milton resentfully enquires if God desires day-work, or smaller, lesser
tasks, since Milton's sightlessness repudiates his sight and, therefore, the use of his aptitudes. Patience has often been
understood as a personification instead of as another feature of Milton's internal self. Either way, in the internal
discussion, patience speaks in the last six lines, fairly and meritoriously having the final expression. Patience declares,
to inhibit that 'murmur,' Milton's enquiring of God's determination in the seventh line.
Patience's answer explains a feature of the nature of God and asserts a sort of service to God, which is not easy
from the service backed in the legend of the aptitudes. Initially, God does not want man's service or God-given aptitudes.
The nature of service to God is clarified succeeding. "Who best/bear his mild yoke" (p. 86) tells that the individuals who
can be estimated as most submissive and docile to God's determination that is mild, not severe. These individuals are
the ones who work and obey God best. The portrait of the yoke is also religious; a yoke was a sort of harness dressed in
an ox that shows an image for God's determination. Another portrait shows that 'His state is kingly,' which explains
God's magnitude where patience goes on to expand in the ensuing lines of the same importance.
It is a well- known fact that Milton had become blind because of his excessive devotion to studies and the labour
he had put in while writing his prose pamphlets on controversial matters. The important light which Milton's blindness
throws on his character is his firm faith in God (Chandra, 1993, p. 70).
By God's command, order or will, thousands of persons and by implication, innocent messengers such as those
of angels 'speed and post' throughout the world continually. The line suggests a sort of perpetual, worldwide
gesticulation of the service to God's orders that permits the final line to indicate a great restfulness through contrast and
peace. Serving God, there are many ways. Patience articulates to the poet that even his staying with patience or the
ostensible inaction resulted from his blindness is estimated as a sort of service if it goes in accordance with the criterion
as suggested in lines 10-11, in order to bear the yoke or burden well. The last line is very significant and famous in
which it is often quoted.
In a picture of a calamity like blindness, the single option of action open to a person and similarly all humankind,
as suggested by the last six lines, is unassuming submission to the will of the Almighty. "Who best/bear his mild yoke,
they serve him best" (p. 86) attentively listens to the passage in the gospel. Jesus speaks to his followers that a blind
person did not become blind for the reason that he has committed turpitudes; however, the work of God must be made
evident in him. Patience recommends and guides against putting an issue put to God. Man's obligation to God is not to
offer Him whatever thing. God does not need anything from humans; anything people have is 'his own gifts.' Milton
agrees to take his share in life as a portion of a larger plan.
4. BLINDNESS AND LIGHT :
Quiet others guess that On His Blindness may possibly have been transcribed long before Milton’s complete
blindness. He did not look handicapped by his loss of sight, even proximately after it developed total. Milton converted
progressively sightless after several years and would have had a chance to regulate and correct it. During the seventeenth
century, a regular duration was measured as seventy years, comparatively a number cited in the Psalms.
The appearance of ‘light’ is significant to On His Blindness. "Light here has various denotations; it means
sanguinity, hope, success, prospect, promise and aspiration" (Dahami, 2018). On the most artificial level, it denotes to
natural light, that Milton is no longer able to experience. It brings to the mind a tale to which Milton mentioned in other
manuscripts. The appearance of light echoes on many diverse levels of the religious stories. Here, he is soothed for the
loss of corporal 'Day' and its delights by the illumination of the heavenly Light that responds to Milton's plea to shine
from inward. "Light is the energy, the active force of the transparent" (Silverman Jr, 2011, p. 16). Daylight is an allegory
for the life of all individuals, life is limited, and when the night comes, the day is gone incessantly. Milton believes that
darkness is the blindness that brought about an end to his creative life. He suggested when he wrote, "talent which is
4. Shikshan Sanshodhan : Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN: 2581-6241 Volume - 3, Issue - 1, Jan-Feb – 2020
Bi-Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal Impact Factor: 3.589
Received on : 28/01/2019 Accepted on : 16/02/2020 Publication Date: 28/02/2020
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death to hide" (p. 86) that his blindness is going to prevent him from accomplishing longer life. In his perspective, the
immortality which brings with it fame brings a poet who has composed a chef-d'oeuvre2
.
Light indicates the internal light, the spiritual light that gleams in the poet.
Milton may be literally recording the loss of his eyesight at the time of the sonnet's composition. What becomes
especially noticeable in the sonnet is the absence of imagery implying light. Light is defined as the agent by which
vision becomes possible. However, light can also denote something spiritual emanating from the Heavens. The light
in heaven which God creates is certainly different from candle light. Light can mean the illumination of the soul with
divine truth or it can mean purity and holiness. Thus, light can be physical, spiritual, or both (Scher, 1992).
When Milton refers to his corporeal blindness, he eventually considers it a representation of spiritual blindness.
“His blindness becomes both a painful human loss … and a symbol of prophetic vision” (DiPasquale, 2001). Moreover,
“Because Milton was clearly a monist when he wrote Paradise Lost, he could apply physical restoratives to the eye to
prepare it for spiritual visions” (Silverman Jr, 2011, p. 14). The idea is supported by Bloom (2004), “It is what happens
visually in Paradise Lost, where the poet’s blindness to the external world yields a higher, inner vision” (p. 132). “Milton
defines blindness spiritually, when the blind person, deprived of outer light, looks toward the inner light so sought after
by various preachers or autobiography writers identified as Puritans.” (Flannagan, 2002, p. 75). During composing
Paradise Lost in 1652, "John Milton went blind. 'Why should I not submit with complacency to this loss of sight,' he
later wrote, 'which seems only withdrawn from the body without to increase the sight of the mind within" (Grann, 1997)?
Additionally, "while considerable sight still remained, abundant light would dart from my closed eyes; then as sight
daily diminished, colours proportionately darker would burst forth with violence and a sort of crash from within"
(Meyers, 2009). The poet thought that poets were similarly providers of light; they were and will be illuminators; their
productions brought a distinct kind of illumination to humanity. However, Milton's blindness has put out his poetic light.
Milton presents two connotations of talent or aptitude as a God-given talent and skill in the normal sense and a form of
money in the religious story. Owing to his blindness, Milton fears that he will not be able to use his aptitude for the
service of God.
According to our poet Milton, the real service is responsibility goes in accordance with the will of God, even if
it indicates that the person must 'stand and wait.' The idea is similar to Eliot's, who in his dramatic and poetic piece The
Rock, states that “there is the consciousness that such a condition can be cured through involving people in the real
choice to serve the will of God rather than their own" (Dahami, 2017a). Furthermore, God "gives human beings the
authority of creation, and as a result, a man should employ his creation to serve God" (Dahami, 2020b). The expressions
with double connotations are 'spent' in the first line, 'talent' in the third line, 'useless' in the fourth line, 'account' in the
sixth line, and 'exact' in the seventh line. The subordinate meaning goes parallel in a coherent line of portraits; all are
portraits of the monetary altercation. Milton is a poet who is considerably thoughtful to the various senses presented in
language and to constellations of imagery of such type.
In On His Blindness, Milton takes benefit of the Petrarchan sonnet form, wherein an octave, or first eight lines,
presents a difficulty, and the sestet, or last six lines, proposes the answer. Line nine is the apportioning point between
challenge and response; this line is usually called volta or the 'turn.' In this poem or sonnet, Milton uses volta cleverly
to highlight and accentuate his personal impatience. It is his own patience he exemplifies as talking out to ‘prevent’ his
particular impatience. The sonnet uses encircled rhyme, which sometimes is composed as abba abba. It is conceived
that the sestet’s rhyme structure is cde cde, one of several recognized rhyme structures of a Petrarchan sestet. Milton, as
a literary figure, is known for his metrical talent, and this sonnet's systematic iambic pentameter is naturally
knowledgeable. However, it does not comprise the astonishing rhythmic and melodious effects for which he is very
famous. It is stimulating instead for its several enjambments, the knocking down of one line into another that could be
said to require the lines hurry along. The impatient enjambment makes the final line conspicuous by contrast; in some
sense, an enjambment helps the final line achieve what does the theme implies in order to wait standing still.
5. CONCLUSION:
On His Blindness or what it is named Sonnet 16 principally, has received a reasonable deal of critical argument
and appreciation, much of it arguing the period of the structure. The poem has evident that all explanations identify that
this sonnet begins from a mood of despair, frustration, and even impatience. Through this short sonnet, Milton has
amazingly shown different notions and conceptions that deal with an artificial vision on the one hand and another
profound vision, on the other side. This study might not be full, and it needs the contribution of critics to critically
elaborate it to be sufficient, adequate, and satisfactory.
REFERENCES:
1. Bloom, H. (2004). Bloom’s Modern Critical Views: John Milton, Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers.
2
stunning success
5. Shikshan Sanshodhan : Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences ISSN: 2581-6241 Volume - 3, Issue - 1, Jan-Feb – 2020
Bi-Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed Journal Impact Factor: 3.589
Received on : 28/01/2019 Accepted on : 16/02/2020 Publication Date: 28/02/2020
Available online on – shikshansanshodhan.researchculturesociety.org Page 107
2. Borges, G. L. (1999). Everything and Nothing, USA: New Directions Publishing,
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V. B. S. Purvanchal University, India.
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https://doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2017.4
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Publishing.
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15. Milton, J. (2009). The Complete Poems of John Milton, New York: Cosimo, Inc.
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https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED352662.pdf
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Thesis), COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES, Florida State University Libraries.