The document summarizes the process of negotiating Malaya's independence from Britain and the establishment of its constitution. A commission was formed in 1956 headed by Lord Reid to draw up the constitution. It received input from various organizations and approved the final constitution on August 15, 1957, which came into effect on August 27, 1957. It established principles of constitutional monarchy, democracy, and protections for Malay rights. On August 31, 1957 Britain formally declared Malaya's independence at Selangor Club Green and the Union Jack was lowered and replaced with Jalur Gemilang.

2. Negotiation for Independence
 As promised in GE Tunku led a trip to London in 31
Disember 1955.
 The team consisted 4 Reps of Malay Rulers, 4reps
from the Alliance and British reps in Malaya.
 8 Feb 1956, the London Treaty was signed.
 The British promised to grant independence 31
August 1957
 a commission be formed to outline and draw up
Malaya’s new Constitution.
 British Military will be remained to safeguard
Malaya from communist

3. Constitution of the Federation of Malaya
 Lord Reid headed the Reid Commission, set up in
1956 to draw up the constitution for independent
Malaya.
 Lord Reid (Britain)
 Sir Ivor Jennings (Scotland)
 Sir William Mckell (Australia)
 Lord B.Malik (India)
 Lord Abdul Hamid (Pakistan)

4. Constitution of the Federation of Malaya
 The Commission received suggestions and views
from various organization and individuals
memorandums
 Out of 131 written ones were taken from Malay
rulers and the Alliance.
 The Constitution, accepted and approved by the
Federal Legislative Council on 15 August 1957,
came into effect on 27th August 1957

5. CONSTITUTION FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES:
 Based on the concepts of constitutional monarchy and
democracy
 The Yang di-Pertuan Agung is the head of Malaya
 the rulers are the heads of their respective states.
 Parliament consisting of Dewan Rakyat and Dewan
Negara Constitutional
 guarantee for the special rights of the Malays
 Malay language, official language
 Islam, official religion, Freedom of worship and practice
of religions for non-Malays
 A person born in Malaya on or after Independence is
automatically a Malayan citizen

6. PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE
On 31st August 1957, the British declared
the independence of Malaya at the Selangor
Club Green (Dataran Merdeka).
That night, the Union Jack was brought
down and replaced by Jalur Gemilang.
Tuanku Abdul Rahman proclaimed the
independence day on 31st August 1957 at
the Merdeka Stadium
Witnessed by Duke of Wellington, Malay
Rulers and thousands of Malayans