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1. Motivation
1. As a desire or need which directs and
energizes behavior that is oriented towards a
goal.
2. It is the influence of the needs and desires on
the intensity of behavior and direction it will
follow.
3. Motivation as the arousal, direction, as well as
persistence of one’s behavior.

2. 1) Behavioral : This is either to obtain desirable and pleasant
consequences or to avoid undesirable and unpleasant
consequences
2) Social : This is related to the need to be a part of a group
3) Biological : This is related to the need to fulfill all biological needs
such as
hunger, thirst; satisfy the senses, etc.
4) Cognitive : This is satisfy the various intellectual needs
5) Affective : This relates to the emotional needs
6) Conative : This pertains to achieving personal goals and do away
with any threats that come in the way of achieving goals
7) Spiritual : This relates to the goal of self-realization

3. Motivation concepts
Intrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is
driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task
itself, and exists within the individual rather
than relying on any external pressure.
Extrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the
individual. Common extrinsic motivations are
rewards like money and grades, coercion and threat
of punishment.

4. Categories of Motivation
1. Security.
2. Achievement
3. Social Recognition.

5. TYPES OF MOTIVATION
Achievement Motivation
Affiliation Motivation
Competence Motivation
Power Motivation
Attitude Motivation
Incentive Motivation
Fear Motivation
Puts human resources into action
Improves level of efficiency of employees
– Increase in productivity,
– Reducing cost of operations, and
– Improving overall efficiency.

6. Leads to achievement of
organizational goals
a. There is best possible utilization of resources,
b. There is a co-operative work environment,
c. The employees are goal-directed and they act
in a purposive manner,
d. Goals can be achieved if co-ordination and co-
operation takes place simultaneously which
can be effectively done through motivation.

7. Builds friendly relationship
a. Monetary and non-monetary incentives,
b. Promotion opportunities for employees,
c. Disincentives for inefficient employees.
(i) Effective co-operation which brings stability,
(ii) Industrial dispute and unrest in employees will reduce,
(iii) The employees will be adaptable to the changes and there
will be no resistance to the change,
(iv) This will help in providing a smooth and sound concern in
which individual interests will coincide with the organizational
interests,
(v) This will result in profit maximization through increased
productivity.

8. Leads to stability of work force
Motivation is important to an individual as
Motivation will help him achieve his personal
goals.
If an individual is motivated, he will have job
satisfaction.
Motivation will help in self-development of
individual.
An individual would always gain by working with
a dynamic team

9. motivation is important to a business
as
 The more motivated the employees are, the more empowered the team is.
 The more is the team work and individual employee contribution, more profitable
and successful is the business.
 During period of amendments, there will be more adaptability and creativity.
 Motivation will lead to an optimistic and challenging attitude at work place.
 Introduction
 Entrepreneurship is a process undertaken by an entrepreneur to augment his
business interests. It is an exercise involving innovation and creativity that will go
towards establishing his/her enterprise.
 One of the qualities of entrepreneurship is the ability to discover an investment
opportunity and to organize an enterprise, thereby contributing to real economic
growth. It involves taking of risks and making the necessary investments under
conditions of uncertainty and innovating, planning, and taking decisions so as to
increase production in agriculture, business, industry etc.
 Entrepreneurship is a composite skill, the resultant of a mix of many qualities and
traits – these include tangible factors as imagination, readiness to take risks, ability
to bring together and put to use other factors of production, capital, labour, land,
as also intangible factors such as the ability to mobilize scientific and technological
advances.