2. MOTIVATION
Internal state or condition that
activates behavior and gives it
direction;
desire or want that energizes and
directs goal-oriented behavior;
influence of needs and desires on the
intensity and direction of behavior
4. Rewards – tangible or intangible, is
presented after the occurrence of an
action with the intent to cause the
behavior to occur again.
Reinforcement – intended to
create a measured increase in the
rate of a desirable behavior.
5. INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
- Comes from rewards inherent to a
task or activity itself.
- Internal desires to perform a
particular task
8. The Incentive Theory of Motivation
This is done by associating positive meaning to the
behavior.
9. Drive - Reduction Theories
Drive theory is based on the principle that
organisms are born with certain physiological
needs and that a negative state of tension is
created when these needs are not satisfied.
12. 2. Herzberg’s two-factor theory Motivators
Motivators - which give positive satisfaction,
Hygiene factors - are based on the need to for a
business to avoid unpleasantness at work.
The theory is sometimes called the "Motivator-Hygiene
Theory."
13. 3. Alderfer’s ERG Theory
Existence – Psychological and Safety needs
Relatedness – Social and external esteem needs
Growth – Actualization and internal esteem needs
14. Cognitive Theories
attempts to explain human behavior by
understanding the thought processes. The
assumption is that humans are logical beings that
make the choices that make the most sense to them.
“Information processing” is a commonly used
description of the mental process, comparing the
human mind to a computer.
15.
16. MODELS OF BEHAVIOR CHANGE
Social-cognitive models of behavior change
include the constructs of motivation and volition.
Motivation is seen as a process that leads to the
forming of behavioral intentions. Volition is seen as a
process that leads from intention to actual behavior. In
other words, motivation and volition refer to goal
setting and goal pursuit, respectively. Both processes
require self-regulatory efforts. Several self-regulatory
constructs are needed to operate in orchestration to
attain goals.
17. UNCONSCIOUS MOTIVATION
Some psychologists believe that a significant
portion of human behavior is energized and directed
by unconscious motives. According to Maslow,
"Psychoanalysis has often demonstrated that the
relationship between a conscious desire and the
ultimate unconscious aim that underlies it need not be
at all direct" In other words, stated motives do not
always match those inferred by skilled observers.
18. Intrinsic motivation and the 16 basic desires
theory
Acceptance, the need for approval
Curiosity, the need to think
Eating, the need for food
Family, the need to raise children
Honor, the need to be loyal to the traditional values of one's clan/ethnic group
Idealism, the need for social justice
Independence, the need for individuality
Order, the need for organized, stable, predictable environments
Physical Activity, the need for exercise
Power, the need for influence of will
Romance, the need for sex
Saving, the need to collect
Social Contact, the need for friends (peer relationships)
Status, the need for social standing/importance
Tranquility, the need to be safe
Vengeance, the need to strike back