The document provides information about motion, including speed, velocity, acceleration, and how to interpret distance-time and speed-time graphs. It defines speed as distance traveled per unit of time. Velocity includes both speed and direction of motion. Acceleration measures the rate of change of velocity over time and can be positive, negative, or zero. Distance-time graphs show an object's motion over time, while the slope of speed-time graphs indicates acceleration. Examples are provided for calculating speed, velocity, and acceleration from graphs or initial and final values.
Motion - Distance time graphs and speed time graphs.pptxMehjabeenShaik1
Slideshow on distance time graphs and speed time graphs. It is very helpful for grades 7-9. It is very detailed. One stop for all graph types in science. Science graphs will become easy with this detailed ppt.
The PowerPoint presentation (ppt) under discussion proves to be an invaluable resource, offering a wealth of assistance and comprehensive details that cater to the needs of its audience. This presentation stands out as an exemplary tool, combining clarity, depth, and relevance to ensure a profound understanding of the subject matter.
One of the key strengths of this ppt lies in its helpful nature. Each slide is meticulously crafted to provide guidance and support, serving as a valuable companion for individuals seeking information on the topic at hand. The helpfulness of the presentation is evident in its ability to simplify complex concepts, breaking them down into digestible segments that promote a clear and accessible learning experience.
Moreover, the detailed nature of the presentation is a noteworthy aspect that sets it apart. The creators have invested time and effort into thorough research and exploration, resulting in a comprehensive compilation of information. The slides go beyond surface-level discussions, delving into nuanced aspects of the subject matter, thereby enriching the audience's knowledge and fostering a more profound comprehension of the material.
The attention to detail is evident not only in the content but also in the visual elements of the presentation. Graphics, charts, and illustrations complement the textual information, creating a multimedia experience that caters to diverse learning preferences. This meticulous detailing not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the ppt but also reinforces key points, making the information more memorable and engaging.
Furthermore, the ppt's utility extends beyond a mere informational resource. Its detailed content serves as a valuable reference point for further exploration and study. The audience can delve into specific sections or revisit key concepts, reinforcing their understanding and facilitating a deeper grasp of the subject matter over time.
In conclusion, this PowerPoint presentation stands out as an invaluable educational tool, combining a helpful approach with meticulous detailing. Its clarity, depth, and relevance make it a go-to resource for individuals seeking a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Whether used for educational purposes, professional development, or personal enrichment, this ppt proves to be a reliable and effective guide, ensuring that its audience is not only informed but also empowered with knowledge. It is very catchy. The presentation's helpful and detailed nature is manifested in its strategic organization and seamless flow. The creators have thoughtfully structured the content, presenting information in a logical sequence that aids in the audience's comprehension. Each section builds upon the previous one.
Thank you lot
This ppt was created by Dr Beka a lecture from Ekwendeni College of Health Sciences (ECoHS) Ekwendeni Mzimba Malawi. It is understandable and easy to read for students who are studying clinical medicine
Dear Students of grade 8, this presentation has been made for you to revise, and to copy what would you miss out of your class work. I hope to be useful for all of you.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Motion - Distance time graphs and speed time graphs.pptxMehjabeenShaik1
Slideshow on distance time graphs and speed time graphs. It is very helpful for grades 7-9. It is very detailed. One stop for all graph types in science. Science graphs will become easy with this detailed ppt.
The PowerPoint presentation (ppt) under discussion proves to be an invaluable resource, offering a wealth of assistance and comprehensive details that cater to the needs of its audience. This presentation stands out as an exemplary tool, combining clarity, depth, and relevance to ensure a profound understanding of the subject matter.
One of the key strengths of this ppt lies in its helpful nature. Each slide is meticulously crafted to provide guidance and support, serving as a valuable companion for individuals seeking information on the topic at hand. The helpfulness of the presentation is evident in its ability to simplify complex concepts, breaking them down into digestible segments that promote a clear and accessible learning experience.
Moreover, the detailed nature of the presentation is a noteworthy aspect that sets it apart. The creators have invested time and effort into thorough research and exploration, resulting in a comprehensive compilation of information. The slides go beyond surface-level discussions, delving into nuanced aspects of the subject matter, thereby enriching the audience's knowledge and fostering a more profound comprehension of the material.
The attention to detail is evident not only in the content but also in the visual elements of the presentation. Graphics, charts, and illustrations complement the textual information, creating a multimedia experience that caters to diverse learning preferences. This meticulous detailing not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of the ppt but also reinforces key points, making the information more memorable and engaging.
Furthermore, the ppt's utility extends beyond a mere informational resource. Its detailed content serves as a valuable reference point for further exploration and study. The audience can delve into specific sections or revisit key concepts, reinforcing their understanding and facilitating a deeper grasp of the subject matter over time.
In conclusion, this PowerPoint presentation stands out as an invaluable educational tool, combining a helpful approach with meticulous detailing. Its clarity, depth, and relevance make it a go-to resource for individuals seeking a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Whether used for educational purposes, professional development, or personal enrichment, this ppt proves to be a reliable and effective guide, ensuring that its audience is not only informed but also empowered with knowledge. It is very catchy. The presentation's helpful and detailed nature is manifested in its strategic organization and seamless flow. The creators have thoughtfully structured the content, presenting information in a logical sequence that aids in the audience's comprehension. Each section builds upon the previous one.
Thank you lot
This ppt was created by Dr Beka a lecture from Ekwendeni College of Health Sciences (ECoHS) Ekwendeni Mzimba Malawi. It is understandable and easy to read for students who are studying clinical medicine
Dear Students of grade 8, this presentation has been made for you to revise, and to copy what would you miss out of your class work. I hope to be useful for all of you.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
2. Speed
Speed is the distance an object
travels per unit of time.
To calculate speed:
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Distance is in meters (m)
Time is in seconds (s)
Speed is in meters per second (m/s)
3. Example 1
A snail takes 5.0 s to crawl across the ruler.
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Speed = 0.07 m ÷ 5.0 s
Speed = 2.0 m/s
4. Example 2
A car drives 250 m in one minute.
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Speed = 250 m ÷ 60 s
Speed = 4.17 m/s
5. Use the Formula Triangle!
To calculate
speed:
s t
d
To calculate
time:
To calculate
distance:
s = d / t t = d / s d = s x t
6. Distance vs. Displacement
Distance and displacement are different.
Distance
How far an object
moves in total.
Displacement
The distance and
direction an object
moves from a
starting position.
14. Graphing Speed
A distance-time graph shows the motion
of a certain object in line graph form.
The motion of an object can be graphed.
Time is plotted on the horizontal (X) axis
Distance is plotted on the vertical (Y) axis
15. Time (s) Distance (m)
0 0
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 8
6 8
7 8
8 8
9 12
10 16
Distance-Time Graphs
The slope of a
distance-time
graph is the
speed
16. Distance-Time Graphs
S = D ÷
T
= 8 ÷ 4
= 2 m/s
S = D ÷
T
= 8 ÷ 2
= 4 m/s
S = D ÷ T
= 0 ÷ 4
= 0 m/s
18. Interpreting a D-T Graph (1)
Time (s)
Distance
(m)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
stays the same
as the time (s)
increases
• Therefore, the
object is at rest
(not moving)
19. Interpreting a D-T Graph (2)
Time (s)
Distance
(m)
Analysis:
• The object is
moving away
from the
reference point
• The object is
moving at a
constant speed
• The object is
moving quickly
20. Interpreting a D-T Graph (3)
Time (s)
Distance
(m)
Analysis:
• The object is
moving towards
the reference
point
• The object is
moving at a
constant speed
• The object is
moving slowly
21. Interpreting a D-T Graph (4)
Time (s)
Distance
(m)
Analysis:
• In Part A, the
object is moving
away at a
constant speed
• In Part B, the
object is at rest
• In Part C, it is
moving towards
at constant speed
A
B
C
24. Review: Speed
Speed is the distance an object travels
in a specific amount of time.
To calculate speed:
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
Distance is in meters (m)
Time is in seconds (s)
Speed is in meters per second (m/s)
25. Velocity
For example, sailors must know the speed
and direction their boat is travelling in.
Sometimes, knowing the speed isn’t enough.
Velocity is a description of
both speed and direction.
e.g. a sailboat travelling at
20 kph in a SE direction
26. Velocity
For example, sailors must know the speed
and direction their boat is travelling in.
Sometimes, knowing the speed isn’t enough.
Velocity is an example
of a vector, a quantity
that has both magnitude
and direction.
27. Acceleration
Acceleration measures how much an
object’s speed changes over a certain time.
Objects can speed up, slow down or change direction.
Acceleration can be:
A change in speed
A change in direction
A change in speed & direction
28. Acceleration
Acceleration can be positive, negative or zero.
Negative Acceleration
Positive Acceleration Object speeds up
Object slows down
Zero Acceleration Constant or no speed
30. Example 1
a = Vfinal - Vinitial
t
a = 20.0 m/s - 11.0 m/s
4.0
a = 9.0 m/s
4.0
a = 2.25 m/s2
A motorcycle’s velocity at the top of the hill is
11.0 m/s. 4.0 seconds later it reaches the bottom
of the hill with a velocity of 20.0 m/s. What is the
acceleration of the motorcycle?
31. Example 2
a = Vfinal - Vinitial
t
- 2.9 m/s2 = 0.0 m/s - 13.0 m/s
t
t (- 2.9) = - 13.0 m/s
A speed skater just finished a race. After she crossed
the finish line, she coasted to a complete stop. If her
initial speed was 13.0 m/s and her acceleration was -
2.9 m/s2, how long did it take her to stop?
t = - 13.0 m/s / - 2.9
t = 4.5 s
34. Interpreting a D-T Graph (1)
Time (s)
Distance
(m)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
increasing as time
(s) passes
• The distance gets
larger and larger
with each second
• This shows (+)
acceleration
35. Interpreting a D-T Graph (1)
Time (s)
Distance
(m)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
decreasing as
time (s) passes
• The distance gets
smaller & smaller
with each second
• This shows (-)
acceleration
36. Interpreting a D-T Graph (3)
Time (s)
Distance
(m)
Analysis:
• The distance (m)
from a reference
point is
increasing
• It is increasing at
a regular rate
• This shows (0)
acceleration
37. Interpreting a D-T Graph (3)
Time (s)
Distance
(m)
Analysis:
• The object is
moving towards
the reference
point
• The object is
moving at a
constant speed
• The object is
moving slowly
38. Interpreting a S-T Graph (4)
Time (s)
Speed
(m/s)
Analysis:
• The speed (m/s) is
constant as time
(s) passes
• The object’s
speed is not
changing
• This shows (0)
acceleration
39. Interpreting a S-T Graph (5)
Time (s)
Speed
(m/s)
Analysis:
• The speed (m/s) is
increasing as time
(s) passes
• The object speed
is changing
• This shows (+)
acceleration
40. • A roller coaster is moving at 25 m/s at the
bottom of a hill. Three seconds later it
reaches the top of the hill moving at 10 m/s.
What was the acceleration of the coaster?
41. • A car’s velocity changes from 0 m/s to 30
m/s in 10 seconds. Calculate acceleration
42. • A satellite’s original velocity is 10,000 m/s.
After 60 seconds it s going 5,000 m/s. What
is the acceleration?
43. • If a speeding train hits the brakes and it
takes the train 39 seconds to go from 54.8
m/s to 12 m/s what is the acceleration?