Una gran ayuda para para el campo de la morfologia.

1. Name(s):Cristian Camilo Campiño Sanchez
Morphology workshop on Germanic linguistic families.
1. Set the linguistic typology for the Germanic languages
2. Compare those languages stablishing the differences taking into account
the four word formation processes reviewed in class.
Compare and contrast
German:
Compounding
German differs from English in terms of the emphasis of its compounding, since
in German the first word serves as a determinant and defines the specific
subcategory, while the emphasis is on the second word, in English the
emphasis is on the first
Die Party + die Stimmung = die Partystimmung.
La fiesta + el ambiente = el ambiente de la fiesta.
neu + die Orientierung = die Neuorientierung.
nuevo + orientación = la reorientación.
lernen + das Problem = das Lernproblem.
aprender + el problema = problemas de aprendizaje.
Affixation
In German we find some prefixes that serve to intensify, weaken or express the
opposite:
they have the same function as the prefix in English, since adding it completely
changes the meaning.
prefixes for intensification and weakening: -vor, -ur, -über, -unter.

2. zeitig = temprano / vorzeitig= anticipado o antes de tiempo.
alt = viejo / uralt = viejísimo o vetusto.
eifrig = apasionado / übereifrig = solícito / fanático
gewichtig = pesado/ untergewichtig = de bajo peso
to express the contrary: un, in, im, ir
fair = correcto - limpio/ unfair = injusto / sucio
korrekt = correcto / inkorreckt =incorrecto
mobil = móvil / immobil =inmóvil
relevant = relevante / irrelevant = irrelevante
infixation
Infixation in german works similar to English only in some cases.
In German, the interfix -s- has to be used between certain nouns in compound
words, but not all, such as Arbeitszimmer ("workroom") as opposed to
Schlafzimmer ("bedroom"). This originates from the masculine and neuter
genitive singular suffix -s.
other example that i previously put, the sentence
Die Party + die Stimmung = die Party(s)timmung.
La fiesta + el ambiente = el ambiente de la fiesta.
in this case, we have an s in the middle of two words, bu this ‘’s’’ doesn’t have
any meaning, in german it is used in compounding only because it needs to
sound better, than if we don’t add ‘’s’’: die partytimmung - die party(s)timmung,
it's like a linking morpheme that is used to make the words sound better.
in german also, the infixation is used to make a verbal derivation, interspensing
the morphemes ‘’l’’
diminutive/iterative
lachen: reir lächeln: risear

3. husten: toser hüsteln: tosear
streichen: golpetear streicheln: golpetear
drängen: empujar drängeln: empujetear
tanzen: bailar tänzeln: bailetear
PSDT: I know that there are some words that don’t exist in spanish but i put
them to make me understand.
suffixation
in suffixation, german is too similar to English but, except the suffixes which
have the target of define a gender, since, English language doesn’t have
genders.
Using the Suffix "-e" to Derive Feminine Nouns from Verbs:
verbs /feminine meaning
ehren:galardonar /die Ehr(e) honor
haben:tener /die Hab(e) belongings;chattels
lieben:amar /die Lieb(e) love
The Suffix "-ismus":
"-ismus", like the English "-ism"
der Alkoholismus: alcoholism
der Antisemitismus: anti-Semitism
der Faschismus: fascism
The Suffix "-nis":
"-nis", cognate with the English "-ness"

4. das Ärger(nis): annoyance
das Bedürf(nis): need
die finsternis: darkness
suffixation in adjectives:
verb (essen):comer + suffix (bar)
essbar:comestible
noun (fest) + suffix (lich)
festlich: de fiesta - festivo
noun schuld + suffix haft
schuldhaft:culpable
Los sufijos -los y -frei significan "sin"
arbeits(los): desempleado
herz(los): sin corazón - despiadado
alkohol(frei): sin alcohol
El sufijo -voll significa "lleno de"; el sufijo -reich significa "lleno de/con mucho":
wert(voll): valioso
liebe(voll): amoroso
erfolg(reich): exitoso
Reduplication:
in german there are some few cases of reduplication as sehr sehr gut or sehr
sehr schrecklich to give an intensity to an action or a fact.

5. and some other ways to form new meanings or the same meaning but using
reduplication.
kindeskind: to refer to a grandson
krams: things krimskrams:baubles
kuddelmuddel: mess
rumpumpeln / rumpeln : to rumble.
Blending
blending in german has a similar way to work as English blending, since,
german also takes two or more nouns to form a new word that has to do with
the previous words that were taken.
Denglish: (German with excessive use of English vocabulary).
Zunahmi: Blend of Zunahme (“increase, growth; gaining weight”) + Tsunami
Tempomat: Blend of Tempo + Automat. (cruise control).
Schlepptop: Tow top (remolque superior)
herrklären: Blend of Herr (“mister, sir”) + erklären (“to explain”)
Muselmann: Blend of Muselman + Mann (Muslim man)
Dutch
Suffix
Most Dutch suffixes trigger two processes related to syllabification: resyllabi-
fication of stem-final consonants and deletion of stem-final schwa. Stem-final
consonants are resyllabified into the onset of the first syllable of the suffix if this
suffix starts with a vowel. In the following examples the dot in the phonetic
representation indicates a syllable boundary and the '+' sign in the orthographic
example indicates a morphological boundary:
Non-native suffixes of Dutch

6. (1) concert concert+eer
(kOn.sÓrt) ( kOn.sÓr.ter)/*(kOn.sÓrt.er)
('concert' 'give a concert')
uffix Base Base word Output Derived word
-aal N synode 'synod' A synod-aal 'synodical'
-aan N parochie 'parish' N parochi-aan 'parishioner'
-aat N doctor 'doctor' N doctor-aat 'doctorate'
-air N hypotheek 'mortgage' A hypothek-air 'mortgage-'
-ant V predik 'to preach' N predik-ant 'clergyman'
-aris N bibliotheek 'library' N bibliothec-aris 'librarian'
-ast N gymnasium 'grammar school' N gymnasi-ast 'grammar school pupil'
-atie V organiseer ‘to organize’ N organis-atie ‘organization’
-eel N fundament 'fundament' A fundament-eel 'fundamental'
-eer N parfum 'perfume' V parfum-eer 'to perfume'
-ees N Taiwan 'id.' N Taiwan-ees 'inhabitant of Taiwan'
Prefixes
All prefixes behave alike in this respect. There are a few cases like abortus
(a.bOr.toes) which can historically considerd to be prefixed form ab+ortus, but it
is safe to assume these forms are no longer mor- phologically complex in
Dutch.

7. Compounding
The category of verbal compounds is not productive in Dutch. What we do find
are verbal conversions of nominal compounds, such as [voet]N[bal]N]V ‘lit.
Foot-ball, play soccer’.
A second source of verbal compounds is back formation. For instance, the
compound verb stof-zuig ‘lit. dust-suck, to vacuum-clean’ has been back-formed
from the NN compound [stof]N[zuig]Ver]N]N, in which the head zuiger is a
deverbal noun. This compound has been reinterpreted as an -er-derivation of
the NV compound stof-zuig.
Blending
In blending, two words are fused into one. This process is used frequently in
English, and Dutch has taken over this process, sometimes inspired by an
English equivalent. For instance, the blending of sex ‘id.’ and exploitatie
‘exploitation’ into sexploitatie has a counterpart in English sexploitation.
Another example of blending is “giromaat”, from giro ‘bank giro’ and automaat
‘machine’. In order to grasp the meaning of giromaat, we need the meaning of
automaat, which is only partially present in the formal make up of giromaat.
Reduplication
While not common in Dutch, reduplication does exist. Most, but not all for
example:

8. (e.g., pipi, blauwblauw (laten), taaitaai (gingerbread)
Reduplications in Dutch are loanwords.
(e.g., koeskoes, bonbon, (ik hoorde het) via via) or imitative (e.g., tamtam,
tomtom).
The use of gaan as an auxiliary verb with itself is considered incorrect, but is
commonly used in Flanders. Numerous examples of reduplication in Dutch (and
other languages).