Moral values are standards that govern individual behavior and choices, deriving from society, government, religion, or oneself. Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development outlines six stages of reasoning about moral dilemmas, from obedience to authority to principled conscience. Moral values can be universal, instrumental, intrinsic, or prerequisite, and develop through life based on influences like family, culture, religion, and society.

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2. MORAL VALUES
&
DEVELOPMENT

3. The Reason For Choosing Moral Values
The reason wechoose this topic because to make
people aware of their do’s and dont’s.

4. WHAT ARE MORAL VALUES ?
Moral values are the standards of good and evil, which
govern an individual’s behaviour and choices.
Individual’s morals may derive from society and
government, religion, or self.

5. WHAT ARE MORAL VALUES ?
When moral values derive from society and
government they, of necessity, may change as the laws
and morals of the society change. An example of the
impact of changing laws on moral values may be seen
in the case of marriage vs. “living together.”

6. WHATARE MORAL VALUES ?
Moral" values are flexible depending on
the culture a person is raised in. It usually
refers to what is right or wrong.

7. LIST OF SOME MORALVALUES
 Bigot-Abigot is a person obstinately or
intolerantly devoted to his or her own
opinions and prejudices, especially one
exhibiting intolerance, irrationality.
Evil Moral Values

8. LIST OF SOME MORALVALUES
Lying- Lying is communication with the
intention ofcreating a false belief. A sarcastic
statement which is not intended or expected to
create a false belief

9. LIST OF SOME MORALVALUES
Opression- Oppression is the exercise of
authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or
unjust manner. It can also be defined as an act or
instance of oppressing

10. LIST OF SOME MORALVALUES
Treason- In law, treason is the crime that
covers some of the more serious acts of
betrayal of one's sovereign or nation.

11. LIST OF SOME MORALVALUES
• Honesty
• Hard Work
• Forgiveness
Good Moral Values

12. LIST OF SOME MORALVALUES
• Compassion
• Truthful
• Kindness

13. Types of “Values”.
Universal Values: It has the same value or worth for all, or
almost all people.
Eg, Sanctity of human life, Peace, and human dignity.
Instrumental Values: These are values that can be used
to get something else.
Examples of these would include Progress (which allows
leisure time), Freedom (Through which we can get dignity
and/or self actualization), and Knowledge (which helps us to
get economic prosperity, and progress).

14. Intrinsic Values: ( opposite to instrumental value)
Something has intrinsic worth simply because of what it is,
and not necessarily what it will lead to.
For example, beauty, artistic expression and happiness we
value them because they are an important aspect of life.
Prerequisite Values:
These are values that are necessary before you can get to
some bigger goal.
For example, this type of value include safety (which is
needed before people can even think about having anything
else), Justice (which is needed before we can move onto
equality),or the common good (which must be honored if we
can ever get to a state of peace).

15. MORAL
DEVELOPMENT
(LAWRENCE KOHLBERG)

16. LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
- (born on October 25, 1927 —
died on January 17, 1987)
- American psychologist and
educator known for his theory
of moral development.
- A psychologist who portrayed on
education, anthropology, and
philosophy, to inform his work on
the development of moral
judgment and on moral behavior.

17. WHAT IS MORAL DEVELOPMENT?
• Moral Development is an aspect of a person’s
overall development that follows over the
course of a lifetime.
• Moral Development is growth and, like all
growth, it takes place according to a pre-
determined sequence.

18. HOW DID KOHLBERG
COME UP WITH THE THEORY OF
MORAL DEVELOPMENT?
• All his ideas started from the research he performed
with very young children as his subjects.
• He found out that children are faced with different
moral issues, and their judgments on whether they
are to act positively or negatively over each
dilemma are heavily influenced by several factors

19. The Heinz Dilemma:
• A woman was near death from a special kind of
cancer
• There was one drug that the doctors thought might
save her. It was a form of radium that a pharmacist
in the same town had recently discovered. The drug
was expensive to make, but the pharmacist was
charging ten times what the drug cost him to
produce. He paid $200 for the radium and charged
$2,000 for a small dose of the drug …….

20. SIX STAGES OF
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Level 1: Pre-Conventional Moral Development
 Stage 1 Punishment-Obedience Orientation
 Stage 2 Instrumental Relativist Orientation
Level 2: Conventional Moral Development
 Stage 3 Good boy-Good girl Orientation
 Stage 4 Law and Order Orientation
Level 3: Post-Conventional Moral Development
 Stage 5 Social-Contract Legalistic Orientation
 Stage 6 Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

21. Sources of Moral Values.
Here we discuss the following;
Religion.
Science.
Culture.
Law.

22. Other many sources of Values.
Family
Friends
The Law
Regions of
Country
Profession
Employer
Society at Large
Fellow Workers Fellow Workers
Religious
Beliefs
The Individual
Conscience

23. Conclusion