Monetary Policy Definition
Fiscal Policy Definition
Difference between them
Inflation
Bank reserve ratio
Open market operation
Repo & Reserve repo rates
Cash reserve ratio
Statutory liquid ratio
Factors affecting
Impact
Limitation
Impact of monetary policy on industrial growthUdit Jain
The project describes the Impact of monetary policy on industrial growth. It covers the data of industrial analysis starting from 2004-05 to 2012-13 and finding the trend of monetary policies adopted by RBI on industry growth.
Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, like the central bank or currency board, controls the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency
Monetary Policy Definition
Fiscal Policy Definition
Difference between them
Inflation
Bank reserve ratio
Open market operation
Repo & Reserve repo rates
Cash reserve ratio
Statutory liquid ratio
Factors affecting
Impact
Limitation
Impact of monetary policy on industrial growthUdit Jain
The project describes the Impact of monetary policy on industrial growth. It covers the data of industrial analysis starting from 2004-05 to 2012-13 and finding the trend of monetary policies adopted by RBI on industry growth.
Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, like the central bank or currency board, controls the supply of money, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency
t is no secret that finance professionals at all levels gain a higher-than-average income. Chances of getting a higher salary increase as one continues to gain more experience. Professionals working in finance earn six-digit incomes. Additionally, they also receive a lot of bonuses and other benefits.
This was a class assignment for Economics course handled by Prof. P.C.Thomas sir of T.K.M Institute of Management
"To err is human. Please forgive if i have made any mistakes."
includes objectives of monetary policy and its importance and discussed different monetary instruments like bank rate, cash reserve ratio, statutary liquidity ratio, rationing of credit , moral suasion, repo rate, marginal requirement
.Monetary policy is the macroeconomic policy laid down by the central bank. It involves management of money supply and interest rate and is the demand side economic policy used by the government of a country to achieve macroeconomic objectives like inflation, consumption, growth and liquidity.
OBJECTIVES OF MONETARY POLICY
Full Employment
• Price Stability
• Economic Growth
• Balance of Payments
• Exchange Rate Stability
• Neutrality of Money
• Equal Income Distribution
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Resume
• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
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The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
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Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
2. MONETARY POLICY
MEANING
Monetary policy refers to the steps taken by
the RBI to regulate the cost & supply of money
& credit in order to achieve the socio-economic
objectives of the economy.
Monetary policy influences the supply of
money, the cost of money or the rate of
interest and the availability of money.
3. DEFINITION OF MONETARY POLICY
According to D.C. ROWAN , `` Discretionary act
undertaken by the authorities designed to
influence (a) the supply of money (b) cost of
money or rate of interest and (c) the
availability of money.”
4. MEANING
Monetary policy is an instrument which effect
the credit flow in an economy.
The variation effect the demand & supply of
credit in an economy, and the level or nature
of economic activities.
5. OBJECTIVE
Stability in price level
Economic development
Arrangement of full employment
Expansion of credit facility
Equality & Justice
Stability in exchange rate
7. GENERAL (QUANTITATIVE) Methods
Meaning:-
These methods help in credit control in the
economy.
Affect total quantity of the credit.
8. Types of Quantitative methods
A. Bank rate policy
B. Open market policy
C. Cash reserve ratio
D. Statuary reserve ratio
9. Bank Rate policy
Traditional approach:- Bank rate means on
which central bank discounts and rediscount
the eligible bills.
Today’s approach:- Bank rate means the
minimum rate on which central bank provides
financial accommodation to commercial bank
in the discharge of its function as the lender of
the last resort.
10. Effect of Bank rate
Increase in bank rate
Increase in bank rate charge by
the central bank on its
advance to commercial bank.
Commercial bank increase the
rate of interest on their loan.
Demand for the credits and
loan decrease.
Flow of the money decrease in
the economy
Use in inflationary situation
Decrease in bank rate
Decrease in bank rate charge
by the central bank on its
advance to commercial bank.
Commercial bank decrease the
rate of interest on their loan.
Demand for the credits and
loan increase.
Flow of the money increase in
the economy
Use in depression situation
11. OPEN MARKET OPERATION
Its include the sales and purchase by the central
bank of ….
Assets
Foreign exchange
Gold
Government securities
Company securities
12. Use of Open Market operation
In the inflationary situation
Central bank decrease the
money supply.
Central bank sale out the
securities to commercial
bank and control money
supply.
In the depressionary situation
Central bank increase the
money supply.
Central bank purchase the
securities from the
commercial bank.
13. CASH RESERVE RATIO
Commercial bank has to keep a certain
percentage of his deposits with central bank.
It control the cash flow in economy.
It keeps changes in monetary policy framed
by central bank of a country.
14. STATUARY LIQUIDITY RATIO
Commercial bank is to keep a certain
percentage of his deposit as liquid asset.
It control the cash flow in economy.
It keeps changes in monetary policy framed
by central bank of a country.
15. Use of C.R.R. & S.L.R
In Inflationary situation
o Increased the percentage of
cash reserve ratio and
Statutory liquidity ratio
o It reduces the supply of
money in an economy
In Depressionary situation
o Decreased the percentage
of cash reserve ratio and
Statutory liquidity ratio
o It increases the supply of
money in an economy
16. Function of credit regulation the
quantitative methods
For expansion of credit
Reduce the bank rate
Purchase of securities
Reduce the C.R.R.
Reduce the S.L.R.
For contraction of credit
Increase the bank rate
Sales of securities
Increase the C.R.R.
Increase the S.L.R.
19. SPECIFIC OR QUALITATIVE CREDIT CONTROL
Adopt for expansion and contraction of credit
to attain specific objective.
20. Methods of qualitative credit control
• Credit rationing
• Change in margin
• Direct action
21. Marginal Requirement:
Marginal Requirement of loan can be
increased or decreased to control the flow of
credit for e.g. – a person mortgages his
property worth Rs. 1,00,000 against loan. The
bank will give loan of Rs. 80,000 only. The
marginal requirement here is 20%. In case the
flow of credit has to be increased, the
marginal requirement will be lowered.
22. RATIONING
• Under this method there is a maximum limit
to loans and advances that can be made,
which the commercial banks cannot exceed.
23. DIRECT ACTION
• Under the banking regulation Act, the central
bank has the authority to take strict action
against any of the commercial banks that
refuses to obey the directions given by
Reserve Bank ofIndia.
24. Moral Suasion
This method is also known as “Moral
Persuasion” as the method that the Reserve
Bank of India, being the apex bank uses here,
is that of persuading the commercial banks to
follow its directions/orders on the flow of
credit. "A LIVER WITH OUT TEETH"
25.
26. MEANING
• Measures related to taxation & public
expenditure are normally called fiscal
measures and the policy concerning them as
known as FISCAL POLICY.
• In short, fiscal policy or budgetary policy
consists of steps & measures which the
government in order to fulfill the aims of
economic policy.
27. Objective of fiscal policy
To achieve and maintain the full employment
in the economy.
Attain Economic growth in long term.
Achieve economic stability.
To guide the allocation of existing resources
into socially necessary lines of development.
30. TYPES
PUMP PRIMING
The government spending
which will have the effect of
setting the economy going
on the way towards full
utilization of resources.
Example:- Gov Expenditure,
building infrastructure etc.
COMPENSATORY SPENDING
The government spending
which will have the effect of
setting the social objective
and payment of interest on
debt.
Example:- schools,
hospitals, pensions, relief
payments etc.
31. EFFECT
• Gov. exp should be reduced in inflation and
increased during depressions in case of a
deflationary situation in an economy.
Therefore it act as a balancing factor between
saving & investment
33. Types of Tax
Direct Tax
• Direct tax are those tax
which a person pay to
government directly for
himself and can not enforce
on other.
• For example:- income tax,
wealth tax etc.
Indirect tax
• Indirect tax are those tax
which a person can on
others.
• For example:- service tax,
sales tax.
34. Effect of Taxation
Reduction in taxation
Increase the disposable
income.
Increase the consumption
power.
Use for offsetting the
deflation forces
Increase in Taxation
Decrease the disposable
income.
Decrease the consumption
power.
Use for offsetting the
inflation forces.
35. PUBLIC DEBT
When Gov. exp. are more then Gov. revenue
Government take Public Debt.
Deficit financing = Gov. exp. – Gov. revenue.
Government take the public debt to fulfill the
gap between the Gov exp and the revenue.
36. Types of public debt
Borrowing from public
Borrowing from commercial bank
Issue of new currency
37. EFFECT
• Public Debt effect the inflation and deflation
• If government take the borrowing from public
and banks it will decrease the cash flow in the
market and increase the deflation.
• If there is depression in economy government
repay the debt the public which increase the
cash flow of the money in market.
38. Some facts and figures
MONETARY POLICY IS BEEN FRAMED BY?
RBI
FISCAL POLICY IS BEEN FRAMED
Government
PRESENT GOVERNOR OF R.B.I
Dr. Raghuram Rajan September 4, 2013
PRESENT FINANCE MINISTER OF INDIA
Finance minister P Chidambaram
CURRENT S.L.R
• 23%(w.e.f. 11/08/2012) (announced on 31/07/2012)
Decreased from 24% which was continuing since 18/12/2010
CURRENT C.R.R
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)4.00% (wef 09/02/2013) -announced on 29/01/2013
Decreased from 4.25%which was continuing since 30/10/2012