(originally aired 07-26-12)
U.S. EPA and many state agencies are investigating fracking in Marcellus Shale’s impact on environmental water quality. Public outcry has led to drafting legislation. Increased levels of bromide in drinking water systems correlate to higher levels of brominated disinfection byproducts. Trace metals (i.e., arsenic, selenium, lead), important constituents of flowback water, must be accurately determined for regulatory compliance, challenging due to high levels of dissolved salts which can cause physical and spectral interferences. Here, experts discuss monitoring and measuring anion concentrations in water from recycling impoundments, the typical constituents reported for Marcellus Shale fracking operations, flowback water preparation, and ICP-OES and ICP-MS metals analysis.
Biological Nutrient Removal Applications for Monitoring ORP | YSIXylem Inc.
Biological nutrient removal applications for monitoring oxidation reduction potential in wastewater covers four main topics: the science of ORP/Redox, putting ORP to use, applications and sensor care.
Low temperature nitrification_ningan_20MLDAmit Christian
Low Temperature Biological nitrification of Municipal Wastewater Using Highly porous Activated carbon impregnated Levapor Carriers. A Single step process which allows for lower Total Nitrogen Removal due to Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SNDN) at very low Winter temperature
A study was carried out to determine the distribution and behaviour of nitrogen (N) compounds (nitrite, nitrate, ammonia,
dissolved and particulate organic nitrogen) in Sungai Terengganu estuary (TRE). Surface water samples were collected
during ebb neap and spring tides for the longitudinal survey along the salinity gradient. The results indicated that all N
compounds behave non-conservatively with addition during both tidal cycles, except for nitrate which exhibited removal
behaviour during spring tide. In general, higher concentration of N compounds was observed during spring tide compared
to neap tide. It is suggested that during spring tide, stronger water turbulence resulted in resuspension of nutrients in
bottom sediment and lead to the increase in N compounds concentrations in the surface water. The diurnal survey for the
freshwater station showed that the concentrations of N compounds follow the ebb and flood variations, whereas for the
coastal station the reverse trend was observed. Comparisons with a previous study under similar tidal conditions show
there was an increase in nitrite and ammonia concentrations in TRE, which was probably due to increase in discharge
from the rapid development activities around this area. In addition, the presence of a breakwater at the lower part of
the estuary may also contribute to the high nutrient content in the estuary due to restricted outflow of nutrients to the
coastal area. Overall, the results from this study highlighted the importance of monitoring the N compounds for future
protection of the estuary.
Abstract— The water quality was studied for selected samples from groundwater and network water-supply. The values of NH3, NO3-, pH, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, Pb, Cd, Fe3+ and Mn2+ were estimated. Ammonia values ranged between 0.07-0.7 ppm. Nitrate values ranged between 2.4 and 0.35 ppm. The TDS was between 645 ppm and 480 ppm. For Fe3+ and Mn2+ the values are below the limits of WHO except for well 9; and manganese in wells 6-10. Several wells showed values of Cd above the Saudi STD. The network water-supply in Tabuk city was investigated. The TDS values for these samples were between 500-600 ppm. The hardness values exceed the Saudi STD limit. When ammonia was tested, only one sample showed high value. Chloride level was below 158 ppm, but sulfate values for most samples were 128-222 ppm. For iron only one sample (well no. 9) was above the permissible limit.
More Affordable, Reliable and Recoverable Nutrient RemovalBlack & Veatch
Recurring harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie and other water bodies keep nutrients at the forefront of water quality priorities in the Great Lakes, Upper Mississippi River and elsewhere in the Midwest. Recent regulatory strategies have focused on nonpoint source controls and more stringent point source limits. In response, more treatment utilities will likely consider biological nutrient removal (BNR) technologies along with other alternatives. Since the invention of the Phoredox and Bardenpho processes in South Africa in the early 1970s, understanding of underlying BNR mechanisms has grown significantly, especially for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR).
This webinar will look at recent developments that have further improved the reliability and cost-effectiveness of EBPR for cold and wet conditions encountered in the Midwest and Great Lakes. Case studies will be discussed demonstrating innovative design features that can turn unintended BNR consequences into positive results, including:
Side-stream EBPR (S2EBPR) – moves anaerobic zones out of the main liquid stream. This configuration is much more reliable and efficient than conventional mainstream anaerobic zones, making EBPR viable in more cases than previously thought possible.
Struvite recovery processes – minimizes nuisance scaling in digestion and dewatering, reduces nutrient return loads to the main liquid stream, improves biosolids dewaterability, and produces a high-quality, eco-friendly fertilizer product.
Step-feed anoxic zones – are a lower-energy denitrification alternative to the traditional Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) approach to offset nitrification oxygen and alkalinity demands and avoid clarifier sludge blanket flotation.
Wet-weather step-feed and biomass transfer – manage peak flows and protect biomass from washout. Auxiliary enhanced high-rate treatment (EHRT) facilities offer even greater resiliency and excellent phosphorus removal.
(originally aired 07-26-12)
U.S. EPA and many state agencies are investigating fracking in Marcellus Shale’s impact on environmental water quality. Public outcry has led to drafting legislation. Increased levels of bromide in drinking water systems correlate to higher levels of brominated disinfection byproducts. Trace metals (i.e., arsenic, selenium, lead), important constituents of flowback water, must be accurately determined for regulatory compliance, challenging due to high levels of dissolved salts which can cause physical and spectral interferences. Here, experts discuss monitoring and measuring anion concentrations in water from recycling impoundments, the typical constituents reported for Marcellus Shale fracking operations, flowback water preparation, and ICP-OES and ICP-MS metals analysis.
Biological Nutrient Removal Applications for Monitoring ORP | YSIXylem Inc.
Biological nutrient removal applications for monitoring oxidation reduction potential in wastewater covers four main topics: the science of ORP/Redox, putting ORP to use, applications and sensor care.
Low temperature nitrification_ningan_20MLDAmit Christian
Low Temperature Biological nitrification of Municipal Wastewater Using Highly porous Activated carbon impregnated Levapor Carriers. A Single step process which allows for lower Total Nitrogen Removal due to Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification (SNDN) at very low Winter temperature
A study was carried out to determine the distribution and behaviour of nitrogen (N) compounds (nitrite, nitrate, ammonia,
dissolved and particulate organic nitrogen) in Sungai Terengganu estuary (TRE). Surface water samples were collected
during ebb neap and spring tides for the longitudinal survey along the salinity gradient. The results indicated that all N
compounds behave non-conservatively with addition during both tidal cycles, except for nitrate which exhibited removal
behaviour during spring tide. In general, higher concentration of N compounds was observed during spring tide compared
to neap tide. It is suggested that during spring tide, stronger water turbulence resulted in resuspension of nutrients in
bottom sediment and lead to the increase in N compounds concentrations in the surface water. The diurnal survey for the
freshwater station showed that the concentrations of N compounds follow the ebb and flood variations, whereas for the
coastal station the reverse trend was observed. Comparisons with a previous study under similar tidal conditions show
there was an increase in nitrite and ammonia concentrations in TRE, which was probably due to increase in discharge
from the rapid development activities around this area. In addition, the presence of a breakwater at the lower part of
the estuary may also contribute to the high nutrient content in the estuary due to restricted outflow of nutrients to the
coastal area. Overall, the results from this study highlighted the importance of monitoring the N compounds for future
protection of the estuary.
Abstract— The water quality was studied for selected samples from groundwater and network water-supply. The values of NH3, NO3-, pH, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, Pb, Cd, Fe3+ and Mn2+ were estimated. Ammonia values ranged between 0.07-0.7 ppm. Nitrate values ranged between 2.4 and 0.35 ppm. The TDS was between 645 ppm and 480 ppm. For Fe3+ and Mn2+ the values are below the limits of WHO except for well 9; and manganese in wells 6-10. Several wells showed values of Cd above the Saudi STD. The network water-supply in Tabuk city was investigated. The TDS values for these samples were between 500-600 ppm. The hardness values exceed the Saudi STD limit. When ammonia was tested, only one sample showed high value. Chloride level was below 158 ppm, but sulfate values for most samples were 128-222 ppm. For iron only one sample (well no. 9) was above the permissible limit.
More Affordable, Reliable and Recoverable Nutrient RemovalBlack & Veatch
Recurring harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie and other water bodies keep nutrients at the forefront of water quality priorities in the Great Lakes, Upper Mississippi River and elsewhere in the Midwest. Recent regulatory strategies have focused on nonpoint source controls and more stringent point source limits. In response, more treatment utilities will likely consider biological nutrient removal (BNR) technologies along with other alternatives. Since the invention of the Phoredox and Bardenpho processes in South Africa in the early 1970s, understanding of underlying BNR mechanisms has grown significantly, especially for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR).
This webinar will look at recent developments that have further improved the reliability and cost-effectiveness of EBPR for cold and wet conditions encountered in the Midwest and Great Lakes. Case studies will be discussed demonstrating innovative design features that can turn unintended BNR consequences into positive results, including:
Side-stream EBPR (S2EBPR) – moves anaerobic zones out of the main liquid stream. This configuration is much more reliable and efficient than conventional mainstream anaerobic zones, making EBPR viable in more cases than previously thought possible.
Struvite recovery processes – minimizes nuisance scaling in digestion and dewatering, reduces nutrient return loads to the main liquid stream, improves biosolids dewaterability, and produces a high-quality, eco-friendly fertilizer product.
Step-feed anoxic zones – are a lower-energy denitrification alternative to the traditional Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) approach to offset nitrification oxygen and alkalinity demands and avoid clarifier sludge blanket flotation.
Wet-weather step-feed and biomass transfer – manage peak flows and protect biomass from washout. Auxiliary enhanced high-rate treatment (EHRT) facilities offer even greater resiliency and excellent phosphorus removal.
UCSC Master's Presentation by Wilson SauthoffWilson Sauthoff
Compound-specific nitrogen (N) isotopic analysis (δ15N) of amino acids (AA), or CSI-AA, is a novel approach to understand N cycling. We expand upon initial observations at a productive, hypoxic margin to provide insight into source and transformation of sedimentary organic nitrogen from varied depositional conditions in a complex N cycling zone, the eastern tropical Pacific. δ15NAA patterns are generally well preserved, matching original mixed plankton inputs with some evidence for microbial degradation. There is appreciable δ15N offset between total N (bulk) and total AA N, where AA N is enriched. Source AA, previously understood to record changing baseline δ15N, are fundamentally different in marine sediments. We use modeling to rigorously test whether the total AA δ15N instead tracks changing baseline δ15N. Lastly we employ this new understanding of δ15NAA in sediments to compare with published whole sediment (δ15Nbulk) records, demonstrating the utility and wealth of information provided by CSI-AA.
Biological nitrification in wastewater treatment is a bacteria assisted nitrogen removal to reduce the nutrient load. Usually, nitrification carried out by a group of bacteria called Nitrosomonas, which finishes the conversion of ammonia to nitrite and Nitrobacter, an organism which converts nitrite to nitrate.
Water Analysis through High Performance Liquid Chromotography, Ion Exchange R...Jonathan Damora
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dissolved ion concentrations of the anions; chloride, sulfate, and nitrate within a natural water sample using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, a specific application of Ion-Exchange Chromatography, as well as explain the mechanisms behind Ion Exchange Chromatography.
Analysis of Anions and Cations in Produced Water from Hydraulic Fracturing Using Ion Chromatography
This presentation describes the use of ion chromatography (IC) to determine anions and cations in produced water from three different hydraulic fracturing sites. Considerable variation in ion concentration was found, which was attributed to differences in the geology of the locations from which samples were obtained.
Monitored Natural Attenuation Of Groundwater Nitrate
1. MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION OF GROUNDWATER NITRATE Characterization using nitrate isotopic composition and excess nitrogen Dr. Bradley K. Esser Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Robert A. Ferry Brown and Caldwell Victor Madrid Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Mike Singleton Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 08 April 2010 San Antonio, TX
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8. Nitrate isotopic composition Source attribution and process identification The “ dual isotope ” approach refers to the use of both nitrogen (nitrate- 15 N) and oxygen (nitrate- 18 O) isotopic composition to attribute nitrate source and to constrain nitrate cycling Ranges based on data compiled in Kendall (1998).
9. Identifying denitrification isotopically Nitrate isotopic composition dual isotope plot Denitrification enriches both 15 N and 18 O (the “heavy” isotopes) in residual nitrate. In most natural terrestrial systems, relative 18 O/ 15 N enrichment is ~1/2, and distinguishes denitrification from ammonia volatilization+nitrification (which only enrich 15 N). Characteristic slope on dual isotope plot California dairies (Singleton, 2007, EST) Note : While excess nitrogen is only useful in the saturated zone, the dual isotope method can be used for both groundwater and sediment samples. California dairy sediment samples
10. Identifying denitrification isotopically Correlation between isotopics and concentration Inverse correlation between 15 N enrichment and residual nitrate concentration A strong case can be made for denitrification if changes in nitrate isotopic composition correlate to changes in nitrate concentration along a groundwater flow path; i.e., downgradient waters are low in nitrate and enriched in 15 N. California dairy sediment samples Note : The largest isotopic effects are often observed in samples with low concentrations of residual nitrate.
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15. Extent of denitrification Excess nitrogen allows estimation of initial nitrate Excess N 2 allows determination of the amount and extent of denitrification, and can be used with groundwater age or velocity to constrain rate. Extent of denitrification = 1 – f, Where f = fraction initial nitrate remaining Stratified aquifer underlying a California dairy operation Caveat: With extensive denitrification or methanogenesis, nitrogen gas can be lost through gas ebullition.
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18. Excess nitrogen indicates that denitrification is occurring in the lower anoxic aquifer Excess nitrogen and denitrification Case study at a California dairy operation
19. Bacterial population profiles show that denitrification occurs at the oxic-anoxic interface PCR and denitrification Case study at a California dairy operation
20. Groundwater age and denitrification Case study at a California dairy operation Tritium-helium groundwater age dating provides constraints on the timing of nitrate contamination and the rate of denitrification
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22. LLNL Site 300 A DOE HE testing facility in the California Coast Range
23. Site 300 case study Nitrate contamination threat to drinking water wells Off-site water supply wells
27. Confirmation of denitrification Excess nitrogen and dissolved oxygen Dissolved N 2 detected Dissolved N 2 detected > 15 mg/L equivalent NO 3 Dissolved N 2 not detected
31. Identification of electron donor Changes in sulfate isotopic composition 5.3 4.2 3.4 2.5 0.3 Observed changes in sulfate-S isotopic composition along flow path are consistent with autotrophic denitrification Oxidation of sulfide to sulfate favors the lighter isotope, and produces sulfate-S isotopically lighter than pyrite-S. The observed trend is consistent with addition of isotopically light sulfate through pyrite oxidation x.x 34 S data
32. Denitrification at Site 300 CERCLA Monitored Natural Attenuation remedy approved Consistent set of geochemical indicators demonstrating autotrophic denitrification driven by oxidation of naturally occurring pyrite