Remediation by Natural Attenuation at a Petroleum UST Site
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Regulatory site closure using remediation by natural attenuation (RNA) at a petroleum hydrocarbon UST site - a case study.
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This document summarizes a study investigating nitrogen removal at an aerobic landfill leachate treatment plant in southern Sweden. The study aimed to examine (1) nitrogen removal capabilities of on-site treatment plants, (2) the treatment capacity of the Hedeskoga plant in particular, and (3) potential nitrification inhibition from different leachate qualities. Methods included analyzing biological activity and inhibition in the aerobic treatment plant. Results found the Hedeskoga plant has sufficient capacity and retention time to aerobically treat leachate in the aerated lagoon, removing ammonia satisfactorily during warmer seasons primarily via nitrification and denitrification. Some leachate showed slightly higher inhibition potential but mixing with
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The document discusses advances in gas data acquisition systems and gas ratio analysis that enable more accurate interpretation of hydrocarbon zones from drilling mud gas returns. Key points:
- New constant volume degassers extract gas samples more representative of formation fluids, improving consistency. Improved detection also provides high-resolution analysis.
- Gas ratio analysis, comparing quantities of heavier and lighter hydrocarbon fractions, effectively identifies fluid types when validated data is carefully applied. Ratios like LH, LM, and HM have exceptional results determining reservoirs in Southeast Asia.
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Informe de laboratorio 1 determinación volumétrica de la alcalinidad
The document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the total alkalinity of a mineral water sample. It includes sections for recording calculations and results of the experiment. The experiment involves titrating a 100mL sample of mineral water with hydrochloric acid to calculate the total alkalinity in terms of mg/L of calcium carbonate. The results section is blank, waiting for the student to record the titration values and calculation of total alkalinity.
Informe de laboratorio 2 determinación potenciométrica de la alcalinidad
This document appears to be a lab report template for determining the total alkalinity of a mineral water sample using a potentiometric technique. The template includes spaces to record the volume of hydrochloric acid added, the pH after each addition, and the endpoint volume which can then be used to calculate the total alkalinity in mg CaCO3/L. The objective is to determine the total alkalinity of a mineral water sample using a potentiometric titration method.
Brannon_Poster
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1) Nitrous oxide (N2O) gas emissions were highest from the re-aeration zone but dissolved N2O concentrations were high in the aerated and post-anoxic zones.
2) Methane (CH4) gas emissions were greatest from the aerated and re-aeration zones, but dissolved CH4 concentrations were highest in inflow water, suggesting CH4 is produced upstream and stripped out in aerated zones.
3)
27 kuhlman sand2016 8647 c hydrologic-modeling-v2
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Wright nott
1) Marine monitoring presents challenges for large carbon capture and storage sites that can span thousands of square kilometers and ocean volumes.
2) Effective monitoring strategies involve baselines studies, leakage detection, and quantifying any carbon dioxide flux.
3) New sensor and platform technologies are being developed that could support long-term, low-cost monitoring of key fluid parameters at the seafloor sensitivity needed to detect potential carbon dioxide leakage from storage sites.
25 Basin-Scale Density-Dependent Groundwater Flow Near a Salt Repository
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1) The document summarizes a tracer experiment conducted at a contaminated site to evaluate the feasibility of reagent injection for source area cleanup. Hetch Hetchy water with distinct isotope and salinity signatures was injected into an aquifer through a single well under constant head.
2) Monitoring of water levels, stable isotopes, specific conductance and VOCs showed the injected tracer traveled through separate pathways and arrived at observation wells at different times, with tracer concentrations ranging from 0-25%.
3) The experiment demonstrated reagent injection is feasible at the site but some plume displacement is unavoidable, and rigorous multi-parameter monitoring was key to understanding flow under induced gradients.
Improved method for analysis of dic in natural water samples
This improved method allows for the isotopic and quantitative analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in natural water samples. It involves injecting an aliquot of water into a glass tube containing phosphoric acid, which converts the DIC into gaseous and aqueous carbon dioxide. After 15-24 hours of equilibration, a portion of the headspace gas, mainly carbon dioxide, is introduced into a gas chromatograph coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer to measure the carbon isotope ratio and determine the δ13C value of DIC. Standard solutions are used to calibrate the method and account for carbon isotope fractionation between gaseous and aqueous carbon dioxide phases. The method can analyze around 50 samples per day and
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1. The OPAL system collects drilling cuttings from the drill pipe and analyzes them in real-time to produce logs comparable to open hole logs, including gamma ray, resistivity, and density logs.
2. A case study showed the OPAL gamma ray log detected a potential well cleaning problem earlier than MWD/LWD logs by showing shale cuttings left in the wellbore, correctly indicating unstable drilling conditions.
3. The OPAL system provides benefits for logging problem wells such as high-temperature or deep wells, and can monitor fractured reservoir performance in real-time through its liquid loss monitoring and gas detection systems.
Article ok
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Tiff Hilton, “Manganese—Misunderstood, Mis-Regulated, & Mistaken for a Problem”
The document discusses the establishment and goals of the Clean Water Act to protect surface water quality in the US. It notes that while the Act aims to reduce pollutant discharges and restore water integrity, the treatment requirements for manganese have unintended consequences. Specifically, targeting manganese requires highly alkaline conditions that increase dissolved solids, osmotic pressure, and sludge volumes. It can also cause aluminum, which is toxic, to resolubilize. The document argues that manganese itself is not generally toxic at levels found in mine drainage and that alternative regulatory approaches are needed to avoid problems stemming from over-treatment.
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collection. An extraction process was developed and demonstrated for two of those water sources
containing the highest concentration of REEs. A method involving metal ion coagulation, their dissolution
from the sludge into a concentrated aqueous HNO3 solution, complexation with organic ligands and
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used to digest the pre-concentrated sludge and tributyl phosphate (TBP) was used to form REE/TBP/
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complexation efficiency. Dynamic extraction experiments using sCO2 and REE/TBP/HNO3 solutions were
then conducted at optimal conditions of 60 C and 20 MPa. The overall REE extraction efficiencies are
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in the overall extraction efficiency are also discussed.
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Informe de laboratorio 1 determinación volumétrica de la alcalinidad
The document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the total alkalinity of a mineral water sample. It includes sections for recording calculations and results of the experiment. The experiment involves titrating a 100mL sample of mineral water with hydrochloric acid to calculate the total alkalinity in terms of mg/L of calcium carbonate. The results section is blank, waiting for the student to record the titration values and calculation of total alkalinity.
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This document appears to be a lab report template for determining the total alkalinity of a mineral water sample using a potentiometric technique. The template includes spaces to record the volume of hydrochloric acid added, the pH after each addition, and the endpoint volume which can then be used to calculate the total alkalinity in mg CaCO3/L. The objective is to determine the total alkalinity of a mineral water sample using a potentiometric titration method.
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1) Nitrous oxide (N2O) gas emissions were highest from the re-aeration zone but dissolved N2O concentrations were high in the aerated and post-anoxic zones.
2) Methane (CH4) gas emissions were greatest from the aerated and re-aeration zones, but dissolved CH4 concentrations were highest in inflow water, suggesting CH4 is produced upstream and stripped out in aerated zones.
3)
27 kuhlman sand2016 8647 c hydrologic-modeling-v2
Sandia National Laboratories and Gesellschaft für Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) are collaborating to develop improved basin-scale groundwater flow models near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) salt repository. In 2016, they made progress updating older models to include density-dependent flow and incorporate new data. Moving forward, they plan to generate new meshes, implement unsaturated flow, update boundary conditions, and include geochemical tracers to further refine the hydrogeological conceptual model of the region.
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for Groundwater Project
Update
February 9, 2012
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Wright nott
1) Marine monitoring presents challenges for large carbon capture and storage sites that can span thousands of square kilometers and ocean volumes.
2) Effective monitoring strategies involve baselines studies, leakage detection, and quantifying any carbon dioxide flux.
3) New sensor and platform technologies are being developed that could support long-term, low-cost monitoring of key fluid parameters at the seafloor sensitivity needed to detect potential carbon dioxide leakage from storage sites.
25 Basin-Scale Density-Dependent Groundwater Flow Near a Salt Repository
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This document discusses efforts to model groundwater flow near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) salt repository using the d3f++ and PFLOTRAN codes. It summarizes work to update an existing coarse-scale model of the WIPP site to include density-driven flow and improve the mesh and parameterization. Challenges included the old mesh's irregularity and aspect ratios as well as representing an evolving water table. Both codes struggled with the original mesh. Simpler 2D benchmark problems were suggested to better compare the codes' capabilities before further work on the full basin-scale model.Tracer Experiment using Hetch-Hetchy Water
1) The document summarizes a tracer experiment conducted at a contaminated site to evaluate the feasibility of reagent injection for source area cleanup. Hetch Hetchy water with distinct isotope and salinity signatures was injected into an aquifer through a single well under constant head.
2) Monitoring of water levels, stable isotopes, specific conductance and VOCs showed the injected tracer traveled through separate pathways and arrived at observation wells at different times, with tracer concentrations ranging from 0-25%.
3) The experiment demonstrated reagent injection is feasible at the site but some plume displacement is unavoidable, and rigorous multi-parameter monitoring was key to understanding flow under induced gradients.
Improved method for analysis of dic in natural water samples
This improved method allows for the isotopic and quantitative analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in natural water samples. It involves injecting an aliquot of water into a glass tube containing phosphoric acid, which converts the DIC into gaseous and aqueous carbon dioxide. After 15-24 hours of equilibration, a portion of the headspace gas, mainly carbon dioxide, is introduced into a gas chromatograph coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer to measure the carbon isotope ratio and determine the δ13C value of DIC. Standard solutions are used to calibrate the method and account for carbon isotope fractionation between gaseous and aqueous carbon dioxide phases. The method can analyze around 50 samples per day and
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Metrohm presents a complete package for environmental analysis. For a free copy of brochure, pls contact us at www.metrohm.in
Advanced Techniques
FTIR analysis provides more accurate gas detection and analysis compared to traditional mudlogging techniques. FTIR can analyze gas composition, including C1-C5 gases, in under a second without the use of columns. This new data from FTIR, such as specific gravity calculations and molecular ratios, provides insights into formation evaluation and reservoir characterization to better identify sweet spots and optimize well placement. Quantitative fluorescence testing also allows for on-site analysis of oil shows and quantity. When combined with geochemistry analyses like isotopes, this real-time data at the wellsite enables improved geosteering to keep the wellbore in the target zone.
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1. The OPAL system collects drilling cuttings from the drill pipe and analyzes them in real-time to produce logs comparable to open hole logs, including gamma ray, resistivity, and density logs.
2. A case study showed the OPAL gamma ray log detected a potential well cleaning problem earlier than MWD/LWD logs by showing shale cuttings left in the wellbore, correctly indicating unstable drilling conditions.
3. The OPAL system provides benefits for logging problem wells such as high-temperature or deep wells, and can monitor fractured reservoir performance in real-time through its liquid loss monitoring and gas detection systems.
Article ok
This document describes a new method for extracting trace amounts of mercury from natural waters using silver and gold nanoparticles impregnated in nylon membrane filters. Water samples are treated to convert all mercury species to Hg2+ and then reduced to elemental Hg0. The mercury is then collected on the nanoparticle-coated membrane filters during filtration. Mercury levels are then determined by thermal desorption from the filters using a mercury analyzer. This new method achieves a lower limit of detection of 0.04 ng compared to the traditional cold vapor generation method, and avoids additional sample treatment and contamination risks. Mercury was also found to be stable on the filters for at least 5 months without loss.
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Tiff Hilton, “Manganese—Misunderstood, Mis-Regulated, & Mistaken for a Problem”
The document discusses the establishment and goals of the Clean Water Act to protect surface water quality in the US. It notes that while the Act aims to reduce pollutant discharges and restore water integrity, the treatment requirements for manganese have unintended consequences. Specifically, targeting manganese requires highly alkaline conditions that increase dissolved solids, osmotic pressure, and sludge volumes. It can also cause aluminum, which is toxic, to resolubilize. The document argues that manganese itself is not generally toxic at levels found in mine drainage and that alternative regulatory approaches are needed to avoid problems stemming from over-treatment.
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Remediation by Natural Attenuation at a Petroleum UST Site
- 1. Thomas E. Ballard Taber Consultants West Sacramento, CA REMEDIATION BY NATURAL ATTENUATION A UST SITE CLOSURE CASE STUDY
- 2. SITE BACKGROUND Site located in Redding, CA Former Shell Service Station USTs removed in 1998 Passive free product recovery by skimmer Total of 13 monitoring wells No drinking water wells nearby APT and sparge tests conducted Site closed in 2012 with no active remediation
- 4. 1998
- 10. BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS Petroleum hydrocarbons are naturally biodegraded (oxidized) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions Simpler hydrocarbons biodegraded more quickly (BTEX, n-alkanes) More complex hydrocarbons biodegrade more slowly LNAPL is biodegraded only along the air/NAPL and water/NAPL interfaces
- 12. BIODEGRADATION EQUATIONS BASED ON TOLUENE
- 14. EVALUATING BIODEGRADATION PROCESSES ORP* Minimum of three wells Dissolved oxygen* (upgradient, 2 within Ferrous iron (Fe2+) plume) Manganese (Mn2+) If more than three wells, contouring can be helpful Methane Prepare kpoint charts Nitrate Log normal concentration vs. Sulfate time at single well Alkalinity Log normal distance vs. concentration on plume Carbon dioxide centerline pH* Changes over time to Temperature* evaluate stable or shrinking plume
- 25. NAA SAMPLING RESULTS Methane and nitrate results not as expected Appears to be the result of a leaking sewer line Other results appear to be typical of a stable petroleum hydrocarbon plume.
- 37. PLUME STABILITY ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY Plume Area Plume Mass Plume Average Concentration Center of Mass
- 44. PLUME CHARACTERISTICS 2000 VS 2011
- 45. CONCLUSIONS Biodegradation appears to be active and ongoing at the site. Natural attenuation processes have reduced plume mass, size and concentration by 75 to 99 percent. Trend analysis indicates achieving Water Quality Goals within 20 to 30 years. Site meets criteria as a low-risk site.
- 47. REFERENCES Ricker, J.A., 2008, A Practical Method to Evaluate Ground Water Contaminant Plume Stability, Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation 28, no. 4, pp. 85-94 Newell, C.J., et.al., 2002, Calculation and Use of First-Order Rate Constants for Monitored Natural Attenuation Studies, EPA Ground Water Issue EPA/540/S-02/500
- 48. THANK YOU! Thomas E. Ballard Taber Consultants, West Sacramento, CA (916) 371-1690 tballard@taberconsultants.com