Through this article, you will come to know what are the factors being considered by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in order to manage the fiscal deficit in the nation and which notions are taken into consideration for implementation.
MEANING: Currency in circulation is currency that is physically used to conduct transactions between consumers and businesses, stored in a bank, financial institution or central bank.
Currency in circulation is part of the overall money supply, with a larger portion of the overall supply being stored in savings accounts.
FACTORS:..........................................
IMPORTANCE:.......................................
Through this article, you will come to know what are the factors being considered by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in order to manage the fiscal deficit in the nation and which notions are taken into consideration for implementation.
MEANING: Currency in circulation is currency that is physically used to conduct transactions between consumers and businesses, stored in a bank, financial institution or central bank.
Currency in circulation is part of the overall money supply, with a larger portion of the overall supply being stored in savings accounts.
FACTORS:..........................................
IMPORTANCE:.......................................
Economics project for class 12 on money and banking. it explains all the functions about RBI and includes everything needed to achieve good marks in project work.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
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Economics project for class 12 on money and banking. it explains all the functions about RBI and includes everything needed to achieve good marks in project work.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
Monetary Policy: Basic Overview of the 'Weapons of Monetary Policy' Use the specific power points and activities on Exchange Rates and Interest Rates to support your knowledge
It is a bank regulation that sets the minimum reserves each bank must hold by way of customer deposits and notes. These deposits are designed to satisfy cash withdrawal demands of customers. CRR is also called the Liquidity Ratio as it seeks to control money supply in the economy.
In this presentation, I have covered the Banking sector. Our protagonist Harsh introduces money, gets an overview of Banking & NBFCs in India, discusses functions of RBI (India's central bank) & it's monetary policy, and analyses major issues concerning the banking sector. Rather than getting into minute technicalities, the objective is to spark an interest in the non-economist and give a broad overview of topics.
Simplification of topics, making it engaging and visually illustrating the concepts was the biggest challenge of this presentation. Please share your valuable feedback for improvement.
This book is published by RBI for Financial Awareness. It's for readers to understand everything about finance from Banking, Loans, Inflation, Investing, Mis-selling etc. Usually all these concepts are not taught in schools and so people make many financial mistakes in life which have long term effects on there wealth and health.
Many graduates and post graduates are ignorant about basic banking knowledge. Share with kids so they become aware of the financial concepts at an early age.
We have all heard of Financial speculation, which involves the buying & selling of stocks, bonds, currencies, real estate or any other valuable financial instrument owing to anticipated fluctuations in its price with the aim of profiting from it.
Return on Net Worth (RONW) is used in finance as a measure of a company’s profitability. It reveals how much profit a company generates with the money that the equity shareholders have invested.
Capital Employed is represented as total assets minus current liabilities. In other words, it is the value of the assets that contribute to a company’s ability to generate revenue
In finance, the yield curve is the relation between the interest rate (or cost of borrowing) and the time to maturity of the debt for a given borrower in a given currency.
Simply put, a budget deficit occurs when an entity (often a government) spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit, on the other hand, is a budget surplus.
The expenses that the government incurs is always more than the income it makes. This difference or deficit is known as “Fiscal Deficit”. It is expressed as a percentage of GDP.
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
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Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
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The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
This presentation poster infographic delves into the multifaceted impacts of globalization through the lens of Nike, a prominent global brand. It explores how globalization has reshaped Nike's supply chain, marketing strategies, and cultural influence worldwide, examining both the benefits and challenges associated with its global expansion.
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2. Understanding Money Supply
How is the money supply in the economy regulated?
Who governs it?
What are its implications on the economy?
Let ‘s try and understand ?
3. So how is money supply
regulated?
After all increase in money supply should be done with an objective to
benefit the economy as a whole by protecting the value of the currency. So a
government has to exercise restraint in printing notes.
But printing notes is not only the method to increase the supply of money in
the economy.
Our banks also have the power to create money by their lending activities.
4. So how is money supply regulated?
Okay, let us take an example. Suppose You deposit Rs 100 in your savings
bank account. Your savings bank account will reflect Rs 100 as deposit.
Although Rs 100 is deposited in the bank, it still constitutes a part of the
money supply because you still have the right to withdraw and spend it.
Now, what is the bank going to do with the money you have deposited ?
It is surely not going to keep all your money with itself till the time you come
back to claim it. If it were to do that, then your money instead of earning
interest in the bank would actually depreciate.
5. All our banks work on what is known as fractional reserve system.
They keep part of the deposit as reserve for meeting the day-to-day
redemption of other depositors and lend the remainder to their borrowers.
This is how banks are able to earn money and share a part of their earning
with you which is popularly known as interest.
6. Now suppose the bank maintains a reserve of 10%, then it will keep Rs 10
with itself and lend Rs 90 to someone else.
The borrower can either take the loan of Rs 90 and utilize it for value
creation. Perhaps he funds his working capital and after the designated
period returns the money to the bank along with some interest for the money
supplied to him. At the same time the borrower due to economic activities
earns a profit as well which was made possible due to the loan that he
received.
7. Remember that all this while the lending of Rs90 by the bank in
any way does not lead to reduction of Rs90 from your demand
deposit, which also continues to be part of the money supply.
After all you can always break your deposit and recover your
money.
8. So how does the bank fund this redemption?
It does through the help of the 10% reserves that it holds from all depositors.
The aggregation of the 10% that it holds becomes a large enough reserve to
fund some of the expected redemptions.
9. What is the underlying principle that the banks use to
increase money supply
Remember not all depositors break their deposits. The probability of depositors
doing so is quite less.
This is the key principle that is the engine for money supply.
Hence the 10% reserve of CRR as it is popularly known as is good enough to
handle redemptions.
Therefore the 90% that is given as loans to borrowers constitutes additional
money supply for the economy.
In other words money that would otherwise lie idle is made to sweat to achieve
more action in the economy leading to the creation of more wealth without
having to resort to printing additional currency.
10. Thus the Rs 100 which was deposited with the bank created Rs 190 for a
borrower.
Had the borrower deposited Rs 50 and used Rs 40, the bank would have kept
Rs 5 (10% ) as reserves and would have lent Rs 45 to another borrower. Thus
money supply would have increased by another Rs 45 making the total supply
equal to Rs 100 + Rs 90 + Rs 45 = Rs 235.
This process at a macro level lands up in expanding the money supply
substantially.
11. Now I guess you understand how CRR
becomes a tool to control money
supply?
If not, let me explain.
If the government increases the reserve ratio from 10% to 20%, the money
available for lending will get reduced from 90% to 80%.
Thus to the extent of 10% supply is reduced.
Now when you aggregate all such deposits the reduction becomes substantial.
Thus CRR becomes a much better tool for regulating money supply rather than
simply printing notes.