Momentum is a quantity that expresses the motion of a body, equal to the product of its mass and velocity. The momentum of an object depends on its mass and velocity, with greater mass or velocity resulting in more momentum. The law of conservation of momentum states that in a closed system without external forces, the total momentum before and after an interaction will be the same. Examples include a person recoiling after firing a gun or moving backward when throwing an object off a skateboard. In collisions, the total momentum of the system is conserved and can be expressed mathematically as the sum of the momentum of the objects before equalling the sum after.
The 3 conservation laws are:
1) Conservation of energy - the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time.
2) Conservation of linear momentum - the total momentum of a system remains constant, as long as no external force acts on the system.
3) Conservation of angular momentum - the angular momentum of a system remains constant, as long as no external torque acts on it.
1) Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity with SI units of kg m/s.
2) Newton's second law states that the net force acting on an object is equal to its change in momentum over time.
3) The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant, even after collisions or explosions within the system. Individual momentums may change but the total momentum stays the same.
Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction. The total momentum of a closed system remains constant unless an external force acts on it, according to the law of conservation of momentum. Momentum can be transferred between objects during collisions. Perfectly elastic collisions conserve both momentum and kinetic energy, while inelastic collisions only conserve momentum as some kinetic energy is lost.
The document is a lecture on linear momentum and the linear momentum equation. It begins with definitions of linear momentum and Newton's second and third laws of motion. It then covers the conservation of momentum principle and introduces the general form of the linear momentum equation. Several examples of applying the linear momentum equation to problems involving pipes, nozzles, and hydraulic machines are shown. It also discusses the momentum correction factor and defines key aspects of using a control volume in the linear momentum equation.
This document provides information about various concepts related to linear motion, including:
- Acceleration, deceleration, constant velocity, and how these concepts are represented on distance-time and velocity-time graphs.
- Key features of motion graphs like gradient, area under the graph, and how to analyze non-uniform velocity and acceleration.
- Other linear motion topics like inertia, momentum, impulse, force, balanced forces, gravity, pulleys, and work, energy, power and efficiency.
- Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate concepts like collisions, explosions, resolution of forces, three forces in equilibrium, and elasticity.
Have you gone above the speed limit or driven without a license and gotten away? Well, you can’t get away with breaking the laws of physics! This session will highlight:
• Why loads rotate, shift and swing
• Load Stability and how to understand and control mobility
• Predicting outcomes of load moving based on physical laws
• Internal and external forces and restraint
• Choosing the most economical and practical equipment for a job
Speaker: Don Mahnke, President, Hydra-Slide, Ltd.
Momentum is a quantity that expresses the motion of a body, equal to the product of its mass and velocity. The momentum of an object depends on its mass and velocity, with greater mass or velocity resulting in more momentum. The law of conservation of momentum states that in a closed system without external forces, the total momentum before and after an interaction will be the same. Examples include a person recoiling after firing a gun or moving backward when throwing an object off a skateboard. In collisions, the total momentum of the system is conserved and can be expressed mathematically as the sum of the momentum of the objects before equalling the sum after.
The 3 conservation laws are:
1) Conservation of energy - the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time.
2) Conservation of linear momentum - the total momentum of a system remains constant, as long as no external force acts on the system.
3) Conservation of angular momentum - the angular momentum of a system remains constant, as long as no external torque acts on it.
1) Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity with SI units of kg m/s.
2) Newton's second law states that the net force acting on an object is equal to its change in momentum over time.
3) The total momentum of an isolated system remains constant, even after collisions or explosions within the system. Individual momentums may change but the total momentum stays the same.
Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction. The total momentum of a closed system remains constant unless an external force acts on it, according to the law of conservation of momentum. Momentum can be transferred between objects during collisions. Perfectly elastic collisions conserve both momentum and kinetic energy, while inelastic collisions only conserve momentum as some kinetic energy is lost.
The document is a lecture on linear momentum and the linear momentum equation. It begins with definitions of linear momentum and Newton's second and third laws of motion. It then covers the conservation of momentum principle and introduces the general form of the linear momentum equation. Several examples of applying the linear momentum equation to problems involving pipes, nozzles, and hydraulic machines are shown. It also discusses the momentum correction factor and defines key aspects of using a control volume in the linear momentum equation.
This document provides information about various concepts related to linear motion, including:
- Acceleration, deceleration, constant velocity, and how these concepts are represented on distance-time and velocity-time graphs.
- Key features of motion graphs like gradient, area under the graph, and how to analyze non-uniform velocity and acceleration.
- Other linear motion topics like inertia, momentum, impulse, force, balanced forces, gravity, pulleys, and work, energy, power and efficiency.
- Diagrams and examples are provided to illustrate concepts like collisions, explosions, resolution of forces, three forces in equilibrium, and elasticity.
Have you gone above the speed limit or driven without a license and gotten away? Well, you can’t get away with breaking the laws of physics! This session will highlight:
• Why loads rotate, shift and swing
• Load Stability and how to understand and control mobility
• Predicting outcomes of load moving based on physical laws
• Internal and external forces and restraint
• Choosing the most economical and practical equipment for a job
Speaker: Don Mahnke, President, Hydra-Slide, Ltd.
This document discusses momentum and its relationship to mass and velocity. It defines momentum as being directly proportional to mass and velocity, and that it is a measure of an object's resistance to stopping. Greater momentum can be achieved by increasing mass or velocity. Impulse is defined as being equal to force multiplied by time, and that it is equal to the change in momentum of an object. The principle of conservation of momentum is explained, which is that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant if no external forces act on it.
The document discusses concepts related to motion including reference frames, distance, speed, velocity, acceleration, and types of motion like uniform motion, uniformly accelerated motion, free fall, and projectile motion. It specifically focuses on free fall, defining it as the motion of an object under the influence of gravity alone. It describes key properties of free fall including negative acceleration due to gravity, time symmetry, and speed symmetry. Examples of calculating velocity during free fall are provided. Projectile motion is also introduced as motion where the only force acting is gravity, having both horizontal and vertical components.
The document describes key concepts in physics including energy, force, motion, waves, electricity, and magnetism. Some key points covered include:
- Identifying energy transformations and transfers of heat energy through conduction, convection, and radiation.
- Describing and calculating concepts like velocity, acceleration, Newton's laws of motion, and mechanical advantage of simple machines.
- Investigating light and sound phenomena, static electricity, and the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in electric circuits.
- Relating electricity and magnetism and their common applications.
The document defines key concepts in mechanics including force, speed, velocity, acceleration, mass, weight, momentum, and impulse. It provides equations and examples to explain each term. Force is a push or pull between objects, while contact forces require touching and long-range forces do not. Speed is how fast an object moves without regard to direction, while velocity also includes direction. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time. Mass is a measure of an object's inertia, and weight is the force of gravity on an object. Momentum depends on an object's mass and velocity. Impulse is the product of force and time of application.
The document discusses impulse, collisions, momentum, and examples.
[1] Impulse is the product of force and time interval applied, and is equal to the change in momentum. Collisions can be elastic, conserving both momentum and kinetic energy, or inelastic, conserving momentum but not kinetic energy.
[2] Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, and the total momentum of a system is conserved unless an external force acts. Examples show how momentum is transferred in collisions between objects like bullets and guns.
The document provides definitions and concepts related to Newtonian mechanics, including:
- Dynamics deals with the motion of bodies under forces, where motion is caused by force. Key definitions include length, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration.
- Equations of motion relate variables like initial/final velocities, displacement, and time. Motion under gravity incorporates acceleration due to gravity.
- Newton's three laws of motion are summarized: inertia, F=ma relationship, and action-reaction forces. Examples apply the laws to calculate values like net force, acceleration, and velocity components.
- Reference frames define the context for measuring motion quantities like velocity. Inertial frames satisfy Newton's laws of motion while non-
The document summarizes Newton's three laws of motion and other key concepts in mechanics. It discusses Newton's first law of inertia, second law relating force and acceleration, and third law of equal and opposite reaction. It also defines concepts like impulse, momentum, work, energy, and power. Key principles discussed include conservation of linear momentum, mechanical energy, and total energy in a closed system.
This document discusses momentum and impulse. It defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity, and notes that momentum allows analysis based on these properties rather than just force and acceleration. Impulse is defined as the product of the magnitude of a force and the time interval it acts. It also discusses the law of conservation of momentum, which states that the total momentum of a system remains constant during an elastic collision or any other interaction where the net external force is zero. Perfectly elastic and inelastic collisions are described.
Vectors have both magnitude and direction, while scalars only have magnitude. Examples of vectors include velocity and force, while examples of scalars include speed and temperature. Addition and subtraction of vectors can be done by using their components in x and y directions or by using geometric methods like the parallelogram rule.
1. The document discusses kinetics problems involving impulse and momentum. It introduces linear and angular impulse, momentum, and the impulse-momentum principle.
2. Linear impulse is defined as the product of force and time. The linear impulse-momentum principle states that the initial momentum plus the impulse equals the final momentum.
3. Angular impulse and momentum are also introduced. The angular impulse-momentum principle relates the angular impulse to the change in angular momentum.
This document discusses momentum and its relationship to mass and velocity. It defines momentum as being equal to mass multiplied by velocity, and provides examples of calculating momentum for objects with given mass and velocity values. The document also introduces the law of conservation of momentum, stating that the total momentum of objects before and after a collision remains the same.
Momentum is a measurement of mass in motion, calculated as momentum (P) equals mass (m) multiplied by velocity (v). Newton found that the total momentum of an isolated system is conserved before and after collisions. Impulse is the change in an object's momentum due to an applied force over time and can be calculated as impulse (I) equals force (F) multiplied by time (t). Increasing either the force or time of an impulse increases the impulse applied. Crumple zones in cars are designed to increase the time over which a decelerating force is applied during a collision, reducing the overall force felt by occupants.
Potential and kinetic energy notes ppt 2017.pptjinkyraquepo1
1. Position 3
2. Positions 1 and 5
3. Positions 1 and 5
4. Position 3
The pendulum has the most kinetic energy at the bottom of its swing when it is moving the fastest. It has the least kinetic energy at the very top and very bottom where it momentarily stops. It has the most potential energy at the top of its swing where its height is greatest. It has the least potential energy at the bottom of its swing where its height is lowest.
This document discusses impulse, momentum, and their relationship. It defines impulse as the product of force and time, and momentum as the product of mass and velocity. The impulse-momentum theorem states that impulse equals change in momentum. Several examples are provided to demonstrate conservation of momentum, including a person jumping off a skateboard or boat. Internal and external forces are also discussed. Worked problems demonstrate calculating momentum and using the impulse-momentum theorem to solve for unknown velocities.
This document discusses momentum and collisions. It defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It explains that momentum is conserved in collisions according to the law of conservation of momentum. It also discusses different types of collisions, including perfectly elastic collisions where both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved, and inelastic collisions where kinetic energy is not conserved. Examples of applications to rockets and collisions are provided. Learning activities and assessments are outlined to help students understand these concepts.
1. The document describes an incident where Mak Cik Yam was shopping with a heavy trolley that lost control on an escalator and fatally struck Pak Din.
2. It provides details of the shopping trip, the trolley losing control and impacting Pak Din near the escalator.
3. The group needs to calculate the trolley's motion, energy and momentum using equations to determine the physics behind Pak Din's death.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
a) Since the buckets are at rest, the tension in each cord must balance the weight of the bucket it supports. Therefore, the tension is 3.2 kg * 9.8 m/s2 = 31.36 N
b) Applying Newton's Second Law to each bucket:
Upper bucket: Tension - Weight = Mass * Acceleration
Tension - 3.2 kg * 9.8 m/s2 = 3.2 kg * 1.6 m/s2
Tension = 31.36 N + 3.2 * 1.6 = 35.2 N
Lower bucket: Tension - Weight = Mass * Acceleration
Tension - 3.
This document discusses linear momentum and collisions, including definitions of momentum, impulse, and conservation of momentum. It provides examples of elastic and inelastic collisions, and practice problems calculating momentum, impulse, and velocities before and after collisions using conservation of momentum. Formulas and concepts are explained for momentum, impulse, completely inelastic and elastic collisions.
This document discusses momentum and its relationship to mass and velocity. It defines momentum as being directly proportional to mass and velocity, and that it is a measure of an object's resistance to stopping. Greater momentum can be achieved by increasing mass or velocity. Impulse is defined as being equal to force multiplied by time, and that it is equal to the change in momentum of an object. The principle of conservation of momentum is explained, which is that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant if no external forces act on it.
The document discusses concepts related to motion including reference frames, distance, speed, velocity, acceleration, and types of motion like uniform motion, uniformly accelerated motion, free fall, and projectile motion. It specifically focuses on free fall, defining it as the motion of an object under the influence of gravity alone. It describes key properties of free fall including negative acceleration due to gravity, time symmetry, and speed symmetry. Examples of calculating velocity during free fall are provided. Projectile motion is also introduced as motion where the only force acting is gravity, having both horizontal and vertical components.
The document describes key concepts in physics including energy, force, motion, waves, electricity, and magnetism. Some key points covered include:
- Identifying energy transformations and transfers of heat energy through conduction, convection, and radiation.
- Describing and calculating concepts like velocity, acceleration, Newton's laws of motion, and mechanical advantage of simple machines.
- Investigating light and sound phenomena, static electricity, and the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in electric circuits.
- Relating electricity and magnetism and their common applications.
The document defines key concepts in mechanics including force, speed, velocity, acceleration, mass, weight, momentum, and impulse. It provides equations and examples to explain each term. Force is a push or pull between objects, while contact forces require touching and long-range forces do not. Speed is how fast an object moves without regard to direction, while velocity also includes direction. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time. Mass is a measure of an object's inertia, and weight is the force of gravity on an object. Momentum depends on an object's mass and velocity. Impulse is the product of force and time of application.
The document discusses impulse, collisions, momentum, and examples.
[1] Impulse is the product of force and time interval applied, and is equal to the change in momentum. Collisions can be elastic, conserving both momentum and kinetic energy, or inelastic, conserving momentum but not kinetic energy.
[2] Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, and the total momentum of a system is conserved unless an external force acts. Examples show how momentum is transferred in collisions between objects like bullets and guns.
The document provides definitions and concepts related to Newtonian mechanics, including:
- Dynamics deals with the motion of bodies under forces, where motion is caused by force. Key definitions include length, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration.
- Equations of motion relate variables like initial/final velocities, displacement, and time. Motion under gravity incorporates acceleration due to gravity.
- Newton's three laws of motion are summarized: inertia, F=ma relationship, and action-reaction forces. Examples apply the laws to calculate values like net force, acceleration, and velocity components.
- Reference frames define the context for measuring motion quantities like velocity. Inertial frames satisfy Newton's laws of motion while non-
The document summarizes Newton's three laws of motion and other key concepts in mechanics. It discusses Newton's first law of inertia, second law relating force and acceleration, and third law of equal and opposite reaction. It also defines concepts like impulse, momentum, work, energy, and power. Key principles discussed include conservation of linear momentum, mechanical energy, and total energy in a closed system.
This document discusses momentum and impulse. It defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity, and notes that momentum allows analysis based on these properties rather than just force and acceleration. Impulse is defined as the product of the magnitude of a force and the time interval it acts. It also discusses the law of conservation of momentum, which states that the total momentum of a system remains constant during an elastic collision or any other interaction where the net external force is zero. Perfectly elastic and inelastic collisions are described.
Vectors have both magnitude and direction, while scalars only have magnitude. Examples of vectors include velocity and force, while examples of scalars include speed and temperature. Addition and subtraction of vectors can be done by using their components in x and y directions or by using geometric methods like the parallelogram rule.
1. The document discusses kinetics problems involving impulse and momentum. It introduces linear and angular impulse, momentum, and the impulse-momentum principle.
2. Linear impulse is defined as the product of force and time. The linear impulse-momentum principle states that the initial momentum plus the impulse equals the final momentum.
3. Angular impulse and momentum are also introduced. The angular impulse-momentum principle relates the angular impulse to the change in angular momentum.
This document discusses momentum and its relationship to mass and velocity. It defines momentum as being equal to mass multiplied by velocity, and provides examples of calculating momentum for objects with given mass and velocity values. The document also introduces the law of conservation of momentum, stating that the total momentum of objects before and after a collision remains the same.
Momentum is a measurement of mass in motion, calculated as momentum (P) equals mass (m) multiplied by velocity (v). Newton found that the total momentum of an isolated system is conserved before and after collisions. Impulse is the change in an object's momentum due to an applied force over time and can be calculated as impulse (I) equals force (F) multiplied by time (t). Increasing either the force or time of an impulse increases the impulse applied. Crumple zones in cars are designed to increase the time over which a decelerating force is applied during a collision, reducing the overall force felt by occupants.
Potential and kinetic energy notes ppt 2017.pptjinkyraquepo1
1. Position 3
2. Positions 1 and 5
3. Positions 1 and 5
4. Position 3
The pendulum has the most kinetic energy at the bottom of its swing when it is moving the fastest. It has the least kinetic energy at the very top and very bottom where it momentarily stops. It has the most potential energy at the top of its swing where its height is greatest. It has the least potential energy at the bottom of its swing where its height is lowest.
This document discusses impulse, momentum, and their relationship. It defines impulse as the product of force and time, and momentum as the product of mass and velocity. The impulse-momentum theorem states that impulse equals change in momentum. Several examples are provided to demonstrate conservation of momentum, including a person jumping off a skateboard or boat. Internal and external forces are also discussed. Worked problems demonstrate calculating momentum and using the impulse-momentum theorem to solve for unknown velocities.
This document discusses momentum and collisions. It defines momentum as the product of an object's mass and velocity. It explains that momentum is conserved in collisions according to the law of conservation of momentum. It also discusses different types of collisions, including perfectly elastic collisions where both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved, and inelastic collisions where kinetic energy is not conserved. Examples of applications to rockets and collisions are provided. Learning activities and assessments are outlined to help students understand these concepts.
1. The document describes an incident where Mak Cik Yam was shopping with a heavy trolley that lost control on an escalator and fatally struck Pak Din.
2. It provides details of the shopping trip, the trolley losing control and impacting Pak Din near the escalator.
3. The group needs to calculate the trolley's motion, energy and momentum using equations to determine the physics behind Pak Din's death.
Here are the steps to solve this problem:
a) Since the buckets are at rest, the tension in each cord must balance the weight of the bucket it supports. Therefore, the tension is 3.2 kg * 9.8 m/s2 = 31.36 N
b) Applying Newton's Second Law to each bucket:
Upper bucket: Tension - Weight = Mass * Acceleration
Tension - 3.2 kg * 9.8 m/s2 = 3.2 kg * 1.6 m/s2
Tension = 31.36 N + 3.2 * 1.6 = 35.2 N
Lower bucket: Tension - Weight = Mass * Acceleration
Tension - 3.
This document discusses linear momentum and collisions, including definitions of momentum, impulse, and conservation of momentum. It provides examples of elastic and inelastic collisions, and practice problems calculating momentum, impulse, and velocities before and after collisions using conservation of momentum. Formulas and concepts are explained for momentum, impulse, completely inelastic and elastic collisions.
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Chapter 2
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3. Momentum
is what Newton called the
“quantity of motion” or the
“inertia of motion” of an
object.
Is a quantity that
describes an object’s
resistance to stopping
4. All objects have mass; so if an object
is moving, then it has momentum - it
has its mass in motion.
The amount of momentum which
an object has is dependent upon
two variables:
how much matter is moving?
how fast the matter is moving?
5. Momentum
The momentum of an object:
Depends on the object’s mass.
Momentum is directly proportional
to mass.
Depends on the object’s velocity.
Momentum is directly proportional
to velocity.
6.
7.
8. Momentum and Inertia
Inertia is property of mass that
resists changes in velocity; inertia
depends only on mass.
Inertia is a scalar quantity, it has
only magnitude
Momentum is a property of moving
mass that resists changes in a moving
object’s velocity.
Momentum is a vector quantity , it
has magnitude and direction
10. Sample problem
Which has more momentum,
a truck with a mass of
20000kg moving at 30,000
m/s
or a truck with a mass of
10000kg moving at 30,000
m/s?
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. Impulse
The impulse exerted on an object
depends on:
The force acting on the object.
Impulse is directly proportional to force.
The time that the force acts.
Impulse is directly proportional to time.
35. Cart and
Brick
In the collision between the cart and the dropped brick,
total system momentum is conserved.
Before the collision, the momentum of the cart is 60
kg*cm/s and the momentum of the dropped brick is 0
kg*cm/s; the total system momentum is 60 kg*cm/s.
After the collision, the momentum of the cart is 20.0
kg*cm/s and the momentum of the dropped brick is 40.0
kg*cm/s; the total system momentum is 60 kg*cm/s. The
momentum of the cart-dropped brick system is conserved.
The momentum lost by the cart (40 kg*cm/s) is gained by
the dropped brick.