1. Define Work
2. Express work in proper units
3. Calculate work done in simple case
4. Define Kinetic Energy
5. Express kinetic Energy in proper units
6. Solve Simple problems based on Kinetic Energy
7. Define Potential Energy
8. Define Gravitational Potential Energy
9. Solve Simple problems based on Gravitational Potential Energy
9. Describe Energy Transformation in daily life
10. Define Power
11. Distinguish between Energy and Power
Have you gone above the speed limit or driven without a license and gotten away? Well, you can’t get away with breaking the laws of physics! This session will highlight:
• Why loads rotate, shift and swing
• Load Stability and how to understand and control mobility
• Predicting outcomes of load moving based on physical laws
• Internal and external forces and restraint
• Choosing the most economical and practical equipment for a job
Speaker: Don Mahnke, President, Hydra-Slide, Ltd.
1. Define Work
2. Express work in proper units
3. Calculate work done in simple case
4. Define Kinetic Energy
5. Express kinetic Energy in proper units
6. Solve Simple problems based on Kinetic Energy
7. Define Potential Energy
8. Define Gravitational Potential Energy
9. Solve Simple problems based on Gravitational Potential Energy
9. Describe Energy Transformation in daily life
10. Define Power
11. Distinguish between Energy and Power
Have you gone above the speed limit or driven without a license and gotten away? Well, you can’t get away with breaking the laws of physics! This session will highlight:
• Why loads rotate, shift and swing
• Load Stability and how to understand and control mobility
• Predicting outcomes of load moving based on physical laws
• Internal and external forces and restraint
• Choosing the most economical and practical equipment for a job
Speaker: Don Mahnke, President, Hydra-Slide, Ltd.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
2. VELOCITY
Velocity is a measure of how fast an
object is traveling in a certain direction.
•Example: A bus traveling North at 150 m/s
•Example: A car is traveling 45 mph South.
•Example: A truck is traveling 60 mph East.
4. Car on a circular track = may have constant
speed, but cannot maintain a constant velocity
as it’s direction is always changing.
5. SPEED
– Speed is a measure of how fast something is
moving, but there is not a directional element to it
– Speed is the distance an object moves over a
period of time.
– Speed = Distance ÷ Time (S = D / T)
6. Gravity
• The force that pulls objects
towards each other.
• The force of gravity on Earth
is 9.8 meters per second (m/s2)
• The force of gravity between two objects depends
on the mass of each object and distance between
the two objects.
7. Motion
• Objects "tend to keep on doing what they're
doing"
• In fact, it is the natural tendency of objects to
resist changes in their state of motion.
• Without some outside influence, an object in
motion will remain in motion and an object at
rest will remain at rest.
• All objects need energy to change their
position.
8. Energy
• Energy: is the ability
to do work
• Work is being done
whenever a force
moves an object in
the same direction
as the force being
applied.
9. Energy means that
• birds can fly,
• tigers can roar,
• wind can blow,
• sun can shine,
• cars can go fast,
• factories can make things,
• light bulbs can glow and
• your computer can work.
Without energy, there would be nothing: no life, no
movement, no light, … nothing
10. Energy
• There are 2 types of energy
– Potential energy
– Kinetic energy
• Energy changes from potential to kinetic, but is
never destroyed or created.
11. Kinetic Energy
• The amount of Kinetic energy is dependent on
the mass and speed of an object.
• Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
12. Calculating kinetic energy
If we know the mass of an object and its velocity we can
determine the amount of kinetic energy.
kinetic energy = 1/2 (mass of object)(velocity of object)2
or KE = 1/2 mv2
or KE = 0.5mv2
The SI unit for kinetic energy is the Joule (J).
A Joule is a kilogram x meters/seconds
13. Calculating Kinetic Energy
A 1200 kg automobile is traveling at a velocity
of 100 m/s northwest.
What is the kinetic energy of the automobile?
KE = 0.5 mv2 = 0.5(1200kg)(100 m/s)2
= 0.5(1200 kg)(10000 m/s)
= (600kg)(10000 m/s)
= 6000000 kg x m/s
= 6000000 Joules (J)
14. You Try
A bicycle with a
mass of 14 kg
traveling at a velocity of
3.0 m/s east has how much
kinetic energy?
KE = 0.5mv2
15. A bicycle with a mass of 14 kg traveling
at a velocity of 3.0 m/s east has how
much kinetic energy?
KE = 0.5mv2
= 0.5(14kg)(3m/s)2
= (7kg)(3m/s)2
=(7kg)(9m/s)
= 63 kg x m/s
=63J
16. Potential Energy
• Stored energy
• The energy of position
• The amount of energy contained in an object
at rest
17. Determining Potential Energy
Determined by its position and its mass
(mass X gravity X height)
PE = (mass)(gravity)(height) = mgh
• where m is mass in kg
• g is the force of gravity = 9.8 m/s2
• h is the height
• The SI unit that represents potential energy is
the Joule (J) = (kg x m/s).
18. Example of Potential Energy
Problem
A flower pot with a mass of 15 kg is sitting on a
window sill 15 meters above the ground. How
much potential energy does the flower pot contain?
• PE = (mass)(gravity)(height)
• = (15 kg)(9.8 m/s)(15 m)
• = (147kg)(15m/s)
• = 2205 kg X m/s
• = 2205 Joules
19. You Try
• If the flower pot is lowered to a window sill
that is 10 meters from the ground. What is the
potential energy now?
PE = (mass)(gravity)(height)
*gravity = 9.8 m/s2
20. Examine an example of potential
energy
• If the flower pot is lowered to a window sill
that is 10 meters from the ground. What is the
potential energy now?
PE = (mass)(gravity)(height)
= (15 kg)(9.8 m/s)(10 m)
= (147 kg x m/s)(10m)
= 1470 kg x m/s)
= 1470 Joules
21. Potential or Kinetic Energy?
• Moving car ________
• Tree branch _______
• Bent car fender _________
• Balloon filled with air __________
• Balloon floating around a room __________
• Person inside a moving car _________
22.
23.
24. • What type of
energy does the
space shuttle
mostly have after
liftoff?
• What type of
energy did the
space shuttle
mostly have before
liftoff?
25. Law of Conservation of Energy
• Energy is NEVER created or destroyed; it just
CHANGES forms.
• Energy can change from one form to another.
• Energy is all around us and is constantly
changing from one form to another.
26. Examples of Law of Conservation
of Energy
• Parked car begins moving = energy of the car
changes from potential to kinetic.
• A ball rolling across a field hits a rock and
stops moving = energy of the ball changes
from kinetic to potential.
• A rock at the top of a hill begins to roll down
the hill = energy changes from potential to
kinetic.
27. Conversion of Potential to Kinetic
Energy
• As one type of energy
increases another type
of energy decreases.
• In this picture the
people are slowing
down as they reach the
top of the hill, so as
potential energy
increases, kinetic
energy decreases.
28. • Objects slowing
down are constantly
increasing in
potential energy and
decreasing in kinetic
energy.
• Object speeding up
are constantly
increasing kinetic
energy and
decreasing in
potential energy.
29. Explain how the roller coaster is an example of
the law to conservation of energy?
30. Total amount of energy stays the same, energy
only changes forms as the roller coaster speeds
up and slows down.
31. • What position do you think
the pendulum has the most
kinetic energy? Least
kinetic energy?
• What position do you think
the pendulum has the most
potential energy? Least
potential energy?
32. Suppose the pendulum started moving at
position 1 and continued to position 5.
1. Position with greatest
kinetic energy? ___
2. Position with least kinetic
energy? ___
3. Position with greatest
potential energy? ____
4. Position with least
potential energy? ____
