estudio realizado sobre la diferencia en la comunidad bacteriana de las axilas dependiendo del uso de desodorantes o antitranspirantes.

1. Deodorants and antiperspirants affect
the axillary bacterial community
Chris Callewaert, Prawira Hutapea, Tom Van
de Wiele, Nico Boon

2. Sergio Andrés Correa Hernández
Julián Carvajal Fernández
Molecular Biology
III semester

3. Introduction
Deodorants are substances which mask the odor caused
by the bacteria's. Antiperspirants are a subgroup of
deodorants which prevent sweating by blocking the
sweat glands. All antiperspirant are deodorant but not
all deodorants are antiperspirant. They are classified
according to the European legislation as cosmetics.

4. Introduction
Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium
and Micrococcus spp. are bacteria that create odor on
the skin; each bacterium has its own group of enzymes
converting sweat on volatile elements. One of the major
bacteria that cause odor is Aerobic lipophilic
Corynebacterium spp.

5. Introduction
•Among the compounds that generate malodor,
branched chain fatty acids and sulphanyl alkanols were
identified.
•To deodorant (DEO) and antiperspirant (AP)
antimicrobial compounds are added to reduce bacterial
community in the skin, although the complete
elimination can not be obtained.
•This study find out the change of the odor produced by
the microbial community

6. Generalities
•The main function of deodorants is to reduce
the amount of bacteria in the armpits.
•Antiperspirants are part of deodorants, the
only difference is that these have aluminum
salts to plug the outlet duct of the sweat glands
preventing perspiration.

7. Actinomycetes
•Are Gram-positive bacteria that conform approximately 67% of all bacteria
on earth and play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter
such as cellulose or chitin and in the formation of humus.
•They are aerobic, while there may be little anaerobic.
•Unlike firmicutes have a high GC content.
•Produce many antibiotic-type drug compounds as actinomycin.

8. Relationship
•People who applied DEO stopped its application and
the actinomycetes increased, when they resumed
their application, the quantity of actinomycetes
declined. With AP decreased the actinomycetes when
the application was ended.
•With antiperspirants a significant difference was
detected in transition moments between the
application and non-application.

9. Main objective
The objective of this study was to identify
whether deodorant/antiperspirant usage
could affect the autochthonous microbial
community structure, diversity and
dynamics.

10. Materiales y métodos
•UPGMA
•SPSS
•Coeficiente de correlación de Pearson
•Dendrograma
•Software bionumérico
•Método de sanger
•Pirosecuenciación
•Fastq format
•DGGE
•PCR

11. Materiales y métodos
• Encuesta en línea: 314
personas
• Exclusión de 4 personas: 310
personas
Visión de los
cosméticos
• 9 sujetos sanos
• Dejar de usar el DEO/AP 1 mes, el I usar
DEO 1 mes
• Extracción del DNA de la flora microbiana
• Evaluar por Electroforesis en gel con
gradiente de desnaturalización (DGGE)
Experimento
A,B,C,D: AP
E,F,G,H: DEO
I: ninguno

12. Características sociodemográficas
•Lugar de la encuesta: Bélgica
•Total de encuestados: 310 personas
•Rango de edad: 19-30 años, 2% entre 12 y 18 años, 59% entre
19 y 30 años, 26% entre 31 y 49 años, 13% mayores de 50
años
•Mujeres: 64% Hombres: 36%
•1% solo termino primaria, 30% solo terminaron secundaria,
69% terminaron educación superior.
•67% practicaban algún deporte, 33% no jugaban ningún
deporte.

13. Muestreo
Axila derecha e izquierda
sanas en otoño y
primavera (en Gante-
Bélgica) con triplicación
de la muestra.
6 individuos belgas 3
extranjeros
Edad media 26.7 años
Sin control de hábitos o
dieta
Evaluación cada mes

14. PCR y DGGE
PCR: Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, su objetivo es
obtener un gran numero de copias de un fragmento de DNA
particular partiendo de una única copia del fragmento
original.
1. Inicio
2. Desnaturalización
3. Alineamiento o unión del cebador
4. Extensión o elongación de la cadena
5. Elongación final
6. Conservación

15. PCR y DGGE
DGGE: Electroforesis en gel
con gradiente de
desnaturalización, consiste en
la separación de cadenas de
DNA dependiendo de su
punto de desnaturalización
siendo definida como la
separación de las cadenas
complementarias.

16. PCR y DGGE
1. Separar por PCR fragmentos de 200 a 700 pb, se ubican en
un gel con gradiente desnaturalizante del 15-90% del
agente, cuando se desnaturaliza se forman zonas de
cadena única donde se frena la migración.
2. Se amplifica la zona de interés por PCR añadiendo un
cebador de 40pb para mantener unidas ambas cadenas
durante la electroforesis.

17. Resultados

19. Discussion
Nakatsuji T, et al. Bacteria are present in the
dermis and the dermal
adipose of the human skin.
Agree
Callewaert C, et al. Each person has an
Intrapersonal bacteria
diversity.
Agree
Callewaert C, et al. Similar diversity increases
were found in the axillae,
when applying more
Deodorant.
Disagree
Grice EA, et al. Other environmental
factors are known to have a
significant role on the skin
microbial communities, such
as sweating, pH, temperature
and ultraviolet light.
Agree

20. Conclusions
•The authors are trying to motivate other researchers to look
for the impact of antiperspirants and deodorants on axillary
odor and bacterial community.
•It is very important to study the bacterial community and its
action on odor to effectively lead products towards a good
quality of life.

21. Conclusions
•Deodorant and Antiperspirant analysis are not well
researched. If someone took the initiative, great findings can
be made.
•Recognizing the importance of GELES on this type of studies
is vital. It represents a significant way to cluster a group of
molecules or particles and take conclusions about it.

23. Julián Carvajal Fernández