This document discusses research variables and different types of variables. It begins by defining a variable as a characteristic that can be measured and varies among what is being studied. There are several types of variables discussed, including independent and dependent variables. Independent variables are those that influence or cause outcomes, while dependent variables depend on the independent variables. Other variable types covered include continuous, discrete, nominal, ordinal, and controlled variables. Examples are provided for each variable type. The document aims to help the reader understand and identify different variables that can be used in research.
This document discusses research variables. It defines a variable as a characteristic that can take on different values. Variables are classified as independent or dependent. Independent variables influence the dependent variables. Examples of independent variables given are revision time and intelligence. Dependent variables are outcomes and examples include test scores. Other variable types discussed include extraneous, confounding, intervening, moderating, continuous, discrete, quantitative, qualitative, nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio variables. Measurement scales are also explained.
This document defines different types of variables that may be studied in research. It explains that independent variables are those that are manipulated by the researcher, while dependent variables are those affected by the independent variable. Examples are provided such as stress being an independent variable that could affect the dependent variable of mental state. Other variable types discussed include intervening variables, constant variables, and attribute variables. Tests are provided to help understand the difference between independent and dependent variables.
This document defines key concepts in measurement including variables, concepts, indicators, and scales of measurement. It discusses:
- The difference between concepts, which cannot be measured, and variables, which can be measured through various scales. Variables are operationalized from concepts.
- Types of variables including independent and dependent variables in experimental research, and confounding variables.
- The four scales of measurement - nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio - and their properties in terms of ordering and calculating differences and ratios between values.
This document defines and describes different types of variables that are commonly used in research. It begins by explaining that observations or participants can have characteristics that are either constants (the same for all) or variables (differ between participants). The main types of variables discussed are independent variables (factors being studied for their effects) and dependent variables (outcomes being measured). Other variable types covered include moderator variables, quantitative vs qualitative variables, and continuous vs discontinuous variables. Demographic variables are also defined as characteristics used to describe research samples.
types of variables in research, Dependent independent, moderator,quantitative qualitative,continuous discontinuous,demographic,extraneous, confounding,intervening, control
The document discusses different types of variables in research. It defines a variable as a measurable characteristic that can take on different values. There are two main types of variables - independent variables, which are manipulated by the researcher, and dependent variables, which depend on the independent variables and are the outcomes measured. Other distinctions include quantitative vs qualitative variables, and different scales of measurement for variables like nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Control variables that are kept constant are also discussed.
The document provides information about different types of variables that can be used in quantitative research. It defines continuous and discrete variables, and further categorizes them into interval, ratio, nominal and ordinal variables. Specific examples are given to illustrate each type of variable, like temperature as an interval variable, height as a ratio variable, and planet names as nominal variables. The document aims to help the reader differentiate between kinds of variables and understand their appropriate uses in research.
This document discusses research variables. It defines a variable as a characteristic that can take on different values. Variables are classified as independent or dependent. Independent variables influence the dependent variables. Examples of independent variables given are revision time and intelligence. Dependent variables are outcomes and examples include test scores. Other variable types discussed include extraneous, confounding, intervening, moderating, continuous, discrete, quantitative, qualitative, nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio variables. Measurement scales are also explained.
This document defines different types of variables that may be studied in research. It explains that independent variables are those that are manipulated by the researcher, while dependent variables are those affected by the independent variable. Examples are provided such as stress being an independent variable that could affect the dependent variable of mental state. Other variable types discussed include intervening variables, constant variables, and attribute variables. Tests are provided to help understand the difference between independent and dependent variables.
This document defines key concepts in measurement including variables, concepts, indicators, and scales of measurement. It discusses:
- The difference between concepts, which cannot be measured, and variables, which can be measured through various scales. Variables are operationalized from concepts.
- Types of variables including independent and dependent variables in experimental research, and confounding variables.
- The four scales of measurement - nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio - and their properties in terms of ordering and calculating differences and ratios between values.
This document defines and describes different types of variables that are commonly used in research. It begins by explaining that observations or participants can have characteristics that are either constants (the same for all) or variables (differ between participants). The main types of variables discussed are independent variables (factors being studied for their effects) and dependent variables (outcomes being measured). Other variable types covered include moderator variables, quantitative vs qualitative variables, and continuous vs discontinuous variables. Demographic variables are also defined as characteristics used to describe research samples.
types of variables in research, Dependent independent, moderator,quantitative qualitative,continuous discontinuous,demographic,extraneous, confounding,intervening, control
The document discusses different types of variables in research. It defines a variable as a measurable characteristic that can take on different values. There are two main types of variables - independent variables, which are manipulated by the researcher, and dependent variables, which depend on the independent variables and are the outcomes measured. Other distinctions include quantitative vs qualitative variables, and different scales of measurement for variables like nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Control variables that are kept constant are also discussed.
The document provides information about different types of variables that can be used in quantitative research. It defines continuous and discrete variables, and further categorizes them into interval, ratio, nominal and ordinal variables. Specific examples are given to illustrate each type of variable, like temperature as an interval variable, height as a ratio variable, and planet names as nominal variables. The document aims to help the reader differentiate between kinds of variables and understand their appropriate uses in research.
This document discusses key concepts related to variables in research:
- It defines different types of variables including dependent, independent, moderator, intervening, and controlled variables. Examples are provided for each.
- It also discusses operational definitions, manipulated variables, and controlled variables. Operational definitions specify how variables will be measured or observed. Manipulated variables are those intentionally varied by researchers, while controlled variables are kept constant.
- Key terms are defined concisely with relevant examples to illustrate different types of variables and how they are used in research studies.
Lecture no 03 mspt 1st semester research methods in rehabilitation by abdul g...AbdulGhafoorSajjad
Variables, and Definitions
Problems and Hypotheses
Defining the research problem,
Formulation of the research hypotheses,
The importance of problems and hypotheses
This document defines and explains different types of variables that are used in research. It discusses the key differences between independent and dependent variables, with independent variables representing possible causes and dependent variables representing presumed effects. Moderator variables are described as a special type of independent variable that can change the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Qualitative variables like nominal and ordinal scales are contrasted with quantitative interval and ratio scales. Examples are provided to illustrate each variable type. Demographic variables that describe sample characteristics are also outlined.
This document discusses key elements of research including concepts, constructs, variables, qualitative research, and quantitative research. It defines concepts as generalized ideas formed from observations. Constructs exist at a higher level of abstraction and are combinations of concepts. Variables are the empirical representations of concepts and constructs that can be measured. Qualitative research uses smaller samples and focuses on words, images, and subjective analysis, while quantitative research uses larger samples and standardized questions to analyze trends and relations between variables.
It gives you insight into the meaning of variables and their types such as Independent variables
Dependent variables
Intervening variables
Moderating variables
Control variables
Extraneous variables
Quantitative variables
Qualitative variables
Confounding variables
Composite variables
This chapter discusses variables and different types of variables. It defines a variable as something that can be measured and can take on different values. Variables are derived from concepts and indicators are used to convert concepts into measurable variables. There are several types of variables including independent and dependent variables, and variables can be classified based on their causal relationship, study design, or unit of measurement. Measurement scales include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales, with each scale building upon the previous one and allowing for different types of statistical analysis.
Types of variables-Advance Research MethodologyRehan Ehsan
This document defines and provides examples of different types of variables that can be used in research studies:
- Dependent variables are affected by independent variables. Independent variables are presumed to influence dependent variables.
- Intervening variables are influenced by independent variables and influence dependent variables.
- Variables like gender, age, and height are organismic variables used to classify subjects. Control variables are kept constant during experiments.
- Interval, ratio, nominal, ordinal, and dummy variables describe how variables can be measured and analyzed statistically.
THIS IS THE SECOND SECTION OF BUILDING BLOCK OF SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WHERE THE CONCEPTS & VARIABLES ARE DISCUSSED IN EXPLANATORY FORM. HOPE THIS IS USEFUL & SUGGESTION IS INVITED.
The document discusses different types of variables that are important in research, including independent, dependent, moderator, control, and intervening variables. It also describes different measurement scales used to measure variables, including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Key variables discussed include age, country, intelligence, and proficiency.
This document discusses research methods for variables in studies. It defines what a variable is and types of variables such as numerical, categorical, ordinal and nominal. It discusses developing indicators to operationalize variables. Variables can be dependent or independent. Background variables are also discussed. The document covers questionnaire design including types of questions, sequencing questions and formatting. It discusses data sources, collection, quality control and coding. Measurement error from questionnaires, data collection methods, interviewers and respondents is explored.
This document discusses variables, scales of measurement, and the operationalization of concepts in research. It defines key terms like independent and dependent variables. It also describes the four main scales of measurement - nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Nominal scales involve simple labeling while ordinal scales represent ordering but not precise differences. Interval scales show ordering and equal distances between values but no true zero. Ratio scales have all interval scale properties plus a true zero, allowing calculations like ratios. Together these concepts provide tools for rigorously defining and measuring variables in scientific investigations.
These slides discuss about the concept and definition of variables, variables in research, operationalisation, types and functions of variables and measurement scales.
The document discusses different types of variables that can be studied in research, including independent, dependent, intervening, control, and confounding variables. It defines each variable type and provides examples. Quantitative variables contain numerical data that can be mathematically operated on, while categorical variables represent groupings. The independent variable is what a researcher manipulates to potentially cause an effect on the dependent variable, which measures the outcome. Control variables are measured to rule out their influence, while confounding variables may hide the true effect of another variable.
The document discusses key concepts in research methods including variables, types of variables (independent and dependent), and examples of research studies that identify independent and dependent variables. It also defines experimental, correlational, survey, and observational research designs. For experimental research, it provides an example of how manipulating an independent variable (color of office) affects a dependent variable (worker productivity). Correlational research explores relationships between variables without manipulation. Survey research involves administering questions to groups, and observational research involves systematically observing and recording behaviors.
The document discusses the scientific method and variables. It explains that variables are the building blocks of hypotheses and can have different definitions, functions, and measurement scales. The key types of variables are independent, dependent, and control, and variables should be operationally defined whenever possible to make constructs measurable.
This document discusses different types of variables that are commonly used in research studies. It defines a variable as a measurable characteristic that can take on different values. The main types of variables discussed are independent variables, dependent variables, intervening variables, control variables, and confounding variables. Independent variables are those that are manipulated by the researcher and likely influence outcomes, while dependent variables are the outcomes or results measured. Intervening variables mediate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Control variables are measured to account for their potential influence. Confounding variables also influence outcomes but are not directly measured. Examples of variables related to climate change, crime, and student performance are provided.
This document discusses quantitative research methods. It outlines advantages such as objectivity, generalizability, and establishing cause and effect relationships. Disadvantages include an inability to explore problems in depth or understand human experiences. The document also describes common quantitative research designs like descriptive, correlational, and experimental approaches. It defines key terms like variables, and classifications of variables as quantitative or qualitative.
This document provides an overview of key concepts for research writing, including data, variables, hypotheses, and limitations. It discusses:
- Data refers to facts, figures, records, and other information collected for analysis and drawing conclusions. Data collection involves standard techniques to gather accurate insights.
- Variables can take different values and are classified as independent, dependent, or extraneous. Independent variables are manipulated by researchers, while dependent variables are measured outcomes that depend on the independent variable. Extraneous variables can impact results if not controlled.
- Delimitations define the boundaries of a study by identifying what aspects are intentionally excluded from the research. Limitations acknowledge potential flaws in methodology.
- A hypothesis predicts
1. Choosing an idea based solely on personal interest without considering its feasibility, importance, or contribution to knowledge.
2. Failing to critically evaluate one's initial idea and consider alternatives that may be more suitable.
3. Pursuing a trivial or unimportant topic that lacks conceptual foundation or significance.
4. Attempting a project that is too large in scope given available time and resources.
5. Duplicating work that has already been adequately reported in the literature.
This document discusses variables in research studies. It defines a variable as a characteristic that can be measured and varies among individuals or groups studied. There are two main types of variables: discrete and continuous. Discrete variables have a limited number of values like gender or blood type, while continuous variables have infinite values between any two points like temperature. The document also discusses different kinds of variables in research - independent variables influence outcomes, dependent variables are influenced by independents, intervening variables influence the relationship between independents and dependents, and control variables are held constant during experiments. Understanding these variable types is important for research design and interpretation.
ENGLISH SIX-wEEk SEVEN day ONE & TWO.pptxHarleyLaus1
This document contains a lesson plan for oral reading fluency, grammar, and attitude skills. The lesson focuses on using prepositions and prepositional phrases to compose clear sentences. It includes tasks for students to practice identifying and using prepositions like "to", "from", "at", and "in". Students read a story, answer questions about it, and complete exercises identifying prepositions and writing sentences with them. The document provides answer keys for the exercises.
English QUARTER TWO WEEK-4 DAY 4 PPT.pptxHarleyLaus1
This document provides guidance on inferring the meaning of unknown words using context clues, affixes, and roots. It includes examples of using context clues like definition, synonyms, examples, antonyms, and analogies. It also discusses common prefixes, suffixes, and roots and how they can provide clues to a word's meaning. Exercises are included to practice interpreting words using context and identifying word parts. The overall purpose is to help readers understand unfamiliar vocabulary through analysis of word structure and surrounding context.
This document discusses key concepts related to variables in research:
- It defines different types of variables including dependent, independent, moderator, intervening, and controlled variables. Examples are provided for each.
- It also discusses operational definitions, manipulated variables, and controlled variables. Operational definitions specify how variables will be measured or observed. Manipulated variables are those intentionally varied by researchers, while controlled variables are kept constant.
- Key terms are defined concisely with relevant examples to illustrate different types of variables and how they are used in research studies.
Lecture no 03 mspt 1st semester research methods in rehabilitation by abdul g...AbdulGhafoorSajjad
Variables, and Definitions
Problems and Hypotheses
Defining the research problem,
Formulation of the research hypotheses,
The importance of problems and hypotheses
This document defines and explains different types of variables that are used in research. It discusses the key differences between independent and dependent variables, with independent variables representing possible causes and dependent variables representing presumed effects. Moderator variables are described as a special type of independent variable that can change the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Qualitative variables like nominal and ordinal scales are contrasted with quantitative interval and ratio scales. Examples are provided to illustrate each variable type. Demographic variables that describe sample characteristics are also outlined.
This document discusses key elements of research including concepts, constructs, variables, qualitative research, and quantitative research. It defines concepts as generalized ideas formed from observations. Constructs exist at a higher level of abstraction and are combinations of concepts. Variables are the empirical representations of concepts and constructs that can be measured. Qualitative research uses smaller samples and focuses on words, images, and subjective analysis, while quantitative research uses larger samples and standardized questions to analyze trends and relations between variables.
It gives you insight into the meaning of variables and their types such as Independent variables
Dependent variables
Intervening variables
Moderating variables
Control variables
Extraneous variables
Quantitative variables
Qualitative variables
Confounding variables
Composite variables
This chapter discusses variables and different types of variables. It defines a variable as something that can be measured and can take on different values. Variables are derived from concepts and indicators are used to convert concepts into measurable variables. There are several types of variables including independent and dependent variables, and variables can be classified based on their causal relationship, study design, or unit of measurement. Measurement scales include nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales, with each scale building upon the previous one and allowing for different types of statistical analysis.
Types of variables-Advance Research MethodologyRehan Ehsan
This document defines and provides examples of different types of variables that can be used in research studies:
- Dependent variables are affected by independent variables. Independent variables are presumed to influence dependent variables.
- Intervening variables are influenced by independent variables and influence dependent variables.
- Variables like gender, age, and height are organismic variables used to classify subjects. Control variables are kept constant during experiments.
- Interval, ratio, nominal, ordinal, and dummy variables describe how variables can be measured and analyzed statistically.
THIS IS THE SECOND SECTION OF BUILDING BLOCK OF SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WHERE THE CONCEPTS & VARIABLES ARE DISCUSSED IN EXPLANATORY FORM. HOPE THIS IS USEFUL & SUGGESTION IS INVITED.
The document discusses different types of variables that are important in research, including independent, dependent, moderator, control, and intervening variables. It also describes different measurement scales used to measure variables, including nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Key variables discussed include age, country, intelligence, and proficiency.
This document discusses research methods for variables in studies. It defines what a variable is and types of variables such as numerical, categorical, ordinal and nominal. It discusses developing indicators to operationalize variables. Variables can be dependent or independent. Background variables are also discussed. The document covers questionnaire design including types of questions, sequencing questions and formatting. It discusses data sources, collection, quality control and coding. Measurement error from questionnaires, data collection methods, interviewers and respondents is explored.
This document discusses variables, scales of measurement, and the operationalization of concepts in research. It defines key terms like independent and dependent variables. It also describes the four main scales of measurement - nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. Nominal scales involve simple labeling while ordinal scales represent ordering but not precise differences. Interval scales show ordering and equal distances between values but no true zero. Ratio scales have all interval scale properties plus a true zero, allowing calculations like ratios. Together these concepts provide tools for rigorously defining and measuring variables in scientific investigations.
These slides discuss about the concept and definition of variables, variables in research, operationalisation, types and functions of variables and measurement scales.
The document discusses different types of variables that can be studied in research, including independent, dependent, intervening, control, and confounding variables. It defines each variable type and provides examples. Quantitative variables contain numerical data that can be mathematically operated on, while categorical variables represent groupings. The independent variable is what a researcher manipulates to potentially cause an effect on the dependent variable, which measures the outcome. Control variables are measured to rule out their influence, while confounding variables may hide the true effect of another variable.
The document discusses key concepts in research methods including variables, types of variables (independent and dependent), and examples of research studies that identify independent and dependent variables. It also defines experimental, correlational, survey, and observational research designs. For experimental research, it provides an example of how manipulating an independent variable (color of office) affects a dependent variable (worker productivity). Correlational research explores relationships between variables without manipulation. Survey research involves administering questions to groups, and observational research involves systematically observing and recording behaviors.
The document discusses the scientific method and variables. It explains that variables are the building blocks of hypotheses and can have different definitions, functions, and measurement scales. The key types of variables are independent, dependent, and control, and variables should be operationally defined whenever possible to make constructs measurable.
This document discusses different types of variables that are commonly used in research studies. It defines a variable as a measurable characteristic that can take on different values. The main types of variables discussed are independent variables, dependent variables, intervening variables, control variables, and confounding variables. Independent variables are those that are manipulated by the researcher and likely influence outcomes, while dependent variables are the outcomes or results measured. Intervening variables mediate the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Control variables are measured to account for their potential influence. Confounding variables also influence outcomes but are not directly measured. Examples of variables related to climate change, crime, and student performance are provided.
This document discusses quantitative research methods. It outlines advantages such as objectivity, generalizability, and establishing cause and effect relationships. Disadvantages include an inability to explore problems in depth or understand human experiences. The document also describes common quantitative research designs like descriptive, correlational, and experimental approaches. It defines key terms like variables, and classifications of variables as quantitative or qualitative.
This document provides an overview of key concepts for research writing, including data, variables, hypotheses, and limitations. It discusses:
- Data refers to facts, figures, records, and other information collected for analysis and drawing conclusions. Data collection involves standard techniques to gather accurate insights.
- Variables can take different values and are classified as independent, dependent, or extraneous. Independent variables are manipulated by researchers, while dependent variables are measured outcomes that depend on the independent variable. Extraneous variables can impact results if not controlled.
- Delimitations define the boundaries of a study by identifying what aspects are intentionally excluded from the research. Limitations acknowledge potential flaws in methodology.
- A hypothesis predicts
1. Choosing an idea based solely on personal interest without considering its feasibility, importance, or contribution to knowledge.
2. Failing to critically evaluate one's initial idea and consider alternatives that may be more suitable.
3. Pursuing a trivial or unimportant topic that lacks conceptual foundation or significance.
4. Attempting a project that is too large in scope given available time and resources.
5. Duplicating work that has already been adequately reported in the literature.
This document discusses variables in research studies. It defines a variable as a characteristic that can be measured and varies among individuals or groups studied. There are two main types of variables: discrete and continuous. Discrete variables have a limited number of values like gender or blood type, while continuous variables have infinite values between any two points like temperature. The document also discusses different kinds of variables in research - independent variables influence outcomes, dependent variables are influenced by independents, intervening variables influence the relationship between independents and dependents, and control variables are held constant during experiments. Understanding these variable types is important for research design and interpretation.
ENGLISH SIX-wEEk SEVEN day ONE & TWO.pptxHarleyLaus1
This document contains a lesson plan for oral reading fluency, grammar, and attitude skills. The lesson focuses on using prepositions and prepositional phrases to compose clear sentences. It includes tasks for students to practice identifying and using prepositions like "to", "from", "at", and "in". Students read a story, answer questions about it, and complete exercises identifying prepositions and writing sentences with them. The document provides answer keys for the exercises.
English QUARTER TWO WEEK-4 DAY 4 PPT.pptxHarleyLaus1
This document provides guidance on inferring the meaning of unknown words using context clues, affixes, and roots. It includes examples of using context clues like definition, synonyms, examples, antonyms, and analogies. It also discusses common prefixes, suffixes, and roots and how they can provide clues to a word's meaning. Exercises are included to practice interpreting words using context and identifying word parts. The overall purpose is to help readers understand unfamiliar vocabulary through analysis of word structure and surrounding context.
ENGLISH WEEK 7-LESSONS ON PREPOSITIONS.pptxHarleyLaus1
This document contains a lesson plan for teaching prepositions over the course of 5 days. Day 1 introduces common prepositions like across, into, before, etc. and has students practice identifying prepositions in sentences. It also has them come up with sentences describing objects in their classroom. Day 2 reviews locations prepositions like to and from and has students talk about getting places. It also contains a reading comprehension activity. Day 3 focuses on positional prepositions like in, on, under, etc. Day 4 and 5 provide more review and practice identifying prepositions and using them in sentences to describe pictures. The document aims to help students learn and reinforce their understanding of different types of prepositions.
Quarter Two: Week Two: Day 4-5 English.pptxHarleyLaus1
This document provides lessons on adjectives, target audiences, and advertising. It contains tasks where students analyze objects, poems, and commercials to identify descriptive words, target audiences, and products being advertised. The importance of understanding adjective order and degrees as well as knowing the target audience is discussed. Students are asked to create sentences using irregular adjectives and write a descriptive paragraph on a topic of their choice.
Quarter Two: Week Three: Day 1-2 Eng.pptxHarleyLaus1
Here are some key points about adjusting verbal communication according to audience and purpose:
- Rate, volume, pitch, and pauses are important aspects of vocal delivery that can help convey ideas effectively.
- The rate of speech should be appropriate for the ideas, setting, and audience. Varying rate emphasizes different thoughts.
- Volume should be at an appropriate loudness for the classroom or setting. Varying volume draws attention.
- Changing pitch through inflections emphasizes important points. Low pitch can suggest quoting others.
- Pauses add expression and feeling but should be used deliberately, not constantly or in the middle of ideas.
Quarter two week three Day three-four.pptxHarleyLaus1
1. The document provides instruction for students on using adverbs of intensity and comparing different sources of information like almanacs and encyclopedias.
2. It includes tasks where students identify types of sources, find information using keywords, and complete sentences using adverbs of intensity correctly.
3. The document emphasizes that information can come from many sources and the type needed depends on the question, teaching students to select the right reference material based on the information needed.
Arts Appreciation Report-Arts Appreciation.pptxHarleyLaus1
The Baguio Cathedral in Baguio City, Philippines began construction in 1920 and was completed and consecrated in 1936. It is dedicated to Our Lady of Atonement and serves as the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Baguio. During World War 2 it served as an evacuation center and withstood Allied bombings, with remains of casualties buried within. Its pink exterior, twin spires and stained glass make it a popular tourist attraction in Baguio City.
1. The document discusses evaluating messages and images from different types of texts reflecting different cultures.
2. It introduces the Key Concepts of Media Literacy framework for developing a critical understanding of mass media content, techniques, and impacts.
3. Students are tasked to analyze a picture using the Key Concept questions and create a multimodal advertisement for a cause-oriented local event.
Quarter 2 Week 3 Day 5 English 6.pptx. copyHarleyLaus1
The document discusses target audiences, defining them as the intended audience or readership of a message and noting that businesses will often focus messaging on a specific target audience. It provides examples of identifying target audiences for advertisements, asking students to analyze pictures of commercials and video clips to determine the target viewer or audience being aimed at in each case. Students are then assigned a task to analyze target audiences of commercials they watch at home.
Infer meaning of borrowed words and content specific.pptxHarleyLaus1
The document discusses different strategies for inferring the meaning of unfamiliar words in informational texts, including using context clues such as affixes, roots, and the overall sense of the sentence. It also provides examples of context clues like definition, contrast, and examples that can help determine the meaning of italicized words. Finally, it defines the different types of informational text like literary nonfiction, expository, argument, and procedural texts.
for class OBSERVATION_may 18, 202323.pdfHarleyLaus1
This document discusses different types of literary adaptations and multimedia. It defines a literary adaptation as adjusting a literary source to another medium like film or plays. It defines parables as short stories that teach moral or religious lessons through relatable characters and events, unlike fables which use animal characters to teach lessons. The document also discusses different multimedia components like video, audio, images, text and animation. It provides examples of commonly used multimedia formats and describes how multimedia can enhance learning by engaging multiple senses.
This document discusses pronoun-antecedent agreement and the different cases of nouns that impact pronoun usage. It begins by explaining that pronouns must agree with their antecedents in number, case, and gender. It then defines the three cases of nouns - objective, nominative, and subjective. Examples are provided of sentences using nouns in each case and their corresponding pronouns. The document provides exercises for learners to practice identifying noun cases and selecting the correct pronoun to replace nouns while maintaining agreement.
The document contains instructions and tasks related to analyzing dialogues and identifying euphemisms from the film Little Women. It includes 4 tasks that ask the reader to 1) identify characters and tones from quotes, 2) identify an example of euphemism, 3) choose meanings of underlined euphemisms from passages, and 4) analyze meanings of euphemisms in quotes. Background information is provided on euphemism as a literary device that makes harsh expressions more polite.
ENGLISH_Q1W6D1_Levi sample lesson in English.pptxHarleyLaus1
This document provides instructions for a lesson that asks students to listen to conversations from the video "The Little Women" and analyze the tone, mood, and purpose of the speakers. It explains that students will hear each conversation three times: once to understand what is being discussed, again to determine tone, mood and purpose, and a third time to verify their answers. It then outlines 6 tasks for students, which involve listening to conversations and answering questions about the speakers' tones, moods, purposes and discussing their responses with classmates.
English Pluralization of Irregular nouns.pptxHarleyLaus1
The document discusses pluralization of irregular nouns. It provides examples of nouns that form their plural by changing spelling, such as ox/oxen and goose/geese. It also shares a story about a boy named Hans who did not want to go to school but eventually learned the value of education and became a famous author. The document asks readers to identify with Hans and think about whether they would also choose to further their education.
This document discusses a study investigating factors that impact willingness to engage in intercultural communication, specifically looking at ethnocentrism. It provides context on Mykolas Romeris University in Lithuania and defines ethnocentrism. It then describes a study conducted with 115 Lithuanian students that measured their levels of ethnocentrism using a scale. The results found the average ethnocentrism level was moderate. High ethnocentrism can negatively impact intercultural communication willingness while increasing cultural competence can decrease ethnocentrism. The document concludes ethnocentrism is a hurdle to developing intercultural communication competence.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Creative Restart 2024: Mike Martin - Finding a way around “no”Taste
Ideas that are good for business and good for the world that we live in, are what I’m passionate about.
Some ideas take a year to make, some take 8 years. I want to share two projects that best illustrate this and why it is never good to stop at “no”.
3. DIRECTION: CAREFULLY ANALYZE THE PICTURE
PRESENTED AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1. How will you describe the picture posted above?What do you
think are the factors/ variables needed in order for the seedling to
grow?
2. What do you think will happen if the seedling did not met the
variables you stated in question number 2?
4. At the end of this module, you should be able to:
• Cognitive:
1. Define research variables
2. Identify the different types of variables
3. Create graphic organizer comparing and contrasting the
different types of variables
4. Cite uses of variables in making a research title
• Affective:
1. Show the importance of variables identification in making a
research title
• Psychomotor:
1. Make and use variables in making a research title
5. THE VARIABLES IN RESEARCH
• A variable specifically refers
to characteristics, or
attribute of an individual or
an organization that can be
measured or observed and
that varies among the
people or organization being
studied (Creswell, 2002).
6. THE VARIABLES IN RESEARCH
• The root word of the word
variable is “vary” or simply “can
change”. These variables are
among the fundamental concepts
of research, alongside with
measurement, validity, reliability,
cause and effect; and theory. A
variable as something that can
take more than one value, and
values can be words or numbers.
7. THE VARIABLES IN RESEARCH
The foundation of quantitative research
are variables.
Hefner defined variables as any aspect of
theory that can vary or change as part of
the interaction within the theory.
Variables are anything that can affect or
change the result of the study.
8. THE VARIABLES IN RESEARCH
Every study has variables because these are needed to
understand differences.
Variables are “changing qualities or characteristics” of
persons or things like age, gender, intelligence, ideas,
achievements, confidence, and so on that are involved
in your research study. Made up of the root or base
word “vary” which means to undergo changes or to
differ from, variables have different or varying values
in relation to time and situation.
9. THE VARIABLES IN RESEARCH
In research, especially in a quantitative
research, one important thing you have to focus
on at the start of your study is to determine the
variables involved in your study. Unless you
spend some time pondering on variables in your
research, your work has no chance of attaining
its goal
10. DIFFERENT TYPES OF VARIABLES
There are other types of variables which are as follows
(Russell 2013; Babbie 2013):
1.Constant – do not undergo any changes during an
experiment
2.Attribute – characteristics of people: intelligence, creativity,
anxiety, learning styles, etc.
3.Covariate – included in the research study to create
interactions with the independent and dependent variables
4.Continuous – quantitative in nature and is used in interval
or ratio scale of measurement
11. DIFFERENT TYPES OF VARIABLES
5. Dichotomous – has only two possible results: one or zero
6. Latent – cannot be directly observed like personality traits
7. Manifest – can be directly observed to give proofs to
latent variables
8. Exogenous – found outside an identified model
9. Endogenous – found inside; as a part of identified model
12. TYPES OF VARIABLES ACCORDING
TO HUNT 2009
• CONTINUOUS VARIABLES – A
variable that can take infinite
number on the value that can
occur within the population. Its
values can be divided into
fractions. Examples of this type of
variable include
age,
height,
and temperature
13. CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
INTERVAL VARIABLES
•INTERVAL VARIABLES – It
have values that lie along an
evenly dispersed range of
numbers. It is a measurement
where the difference between
two values does have meaning.
14. CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
INTERVAL VARIABLES
• Examples of interval data include
temperature,
a person’s net worth (how much money you
have when you subtract your debt from your
assets), etc.
• In temperature, this may illustrate as the
difference between a temperature of 60
degrees and 50 degrees is the same as
difference between 30 degrees and 20
degrees. The interval between values makes
sense and can be interpreted.
15. CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
RATIO VARIABLES
•RATIO VARIABLES – It have
values that lie along an evenly
dispersed range of numbers when
there is absolute zero. It
possesses the properties of
interval variable and has a clear
definition of zero, indication that
there is none of that variable
16. CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
RATIO VARIABLES
• Examples of which are
height,
weight, and
distance.
• Most scores stemming from response to survey
items are ratio-level values because they typically
cannot go below zero.
• Temperature measured in degrees Celsius and
degrees Fahrenheit is not a ratio variable because
0 under these temperatures scales does not mean
no temperature at all.
17. TYPES OF VARIABLES ACCORDING TO HUNT 2009
• DISCRETE VARIABLES – This
is also known as categorical or
classificatory variable. This is any
variable that has limited number of
distinct values and which cannot be
divided into fractions like sex,
blood group, and number of
children in family.
18. DISCRETE VARIABLE
NOMINAL VARIABLE
•NOMINAL VARIABLE – It
represent categories that cannot
be ordered in any particular
way. It is a variable with no
quantitative value. It has two or
more categories but does not
imply ordering of cases
19. DISCRETE VARIABLE
NOMINAL VARIABLE
• Common examples of this variable include
eye color,
business type,
religion,
biological sex,
political affiliation, basketball fan affiliation,
etc.
• A sub-type of nominal scale with only two
categories just like sex is known as
dichotomous.
20. DISCRETE VARIABLE
ORDINAL VARIABLE
ORDINAL VARIABLE – It represent
categories that can be ordered from
greatest to smallest. This variable has
two or more categories which can be
ranked. Examples of ordinal variable
include
• education level,
• income brackets, etc.
21. DISCRETE VARIABLE
ORDINAL VARIABLE
An illustration of this is, if you asked
people if they liked listening to music
while studying and they could answer
either
• “NOT VERY MUCH”,
• “MUCH”,
• “VERY MUCH”
then you have an ordinal variable For
example, you used educational
attainment as a variable
22. DISCRETE VARIABLE
ORDINAL VARIABLE
• on survey, you might code
elementary school graduates = 1,
high graduates = 2, college
undergraduate = 3, and college
graduate = 4. In this measure,
higher number means greater
education.
23. MAJOR KINDS OF VARIABLES
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES –
Those that probably cause, influence, or
affect outcomes. They are invariably
called treatment, manipulated,
antecedent or predictor variables. This
is the cause variable or the one
responsible for the conditions that act
on something else to bring about
changes.
• EXAMPLE: A study is on the
relationship of study habits and
academic performance of
UTNHS senior high school
students.
• STUDY HABITS is the
independent variable because it
influenced the outcome or the
performance of the students.
24. MAJOR KINDS OF VARIABLES
DEPENDENT VARIABLES –
those that depend on the
independent variables; they are
the outcomes or results of the
influence of the independent
variable. That is why it is also
called outcome variable.
• EXAMPLE: A study is on the relationship of
study habits and academic performance of
UTNHS senior high school students.
• ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE is the
dependent variable because it is depending on
the study habits of the students; if the students
change their study habit the academic
performance also change.
25. MAJOR KINDS OF VARIABLES
CONTROLLED VARIABLES – A
special types of independent
variables that are measured in the
study because they potentially
influence the dependent variable.
Researchers use statistical
procedures (e.g. analysis of
covariance) to control these
variables. .
• They may be demographic or
personal variables that need to
be “controlled” so that the true
influence of the independent
variable on the dependent
variable can be determined. .
26. ACTIVITY
DIRECTION: Identify the independent and dependent variables in the following
statements. Underline the Independent Variable then Encircle the Dependent
Variable.
1. Students of different ages were given the same jigsaw puzzle to put
together. They were timed to see how long it took to finish the puzzle.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Students of different ages were given the same jigsaw
puzzle
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: They were timed to see how long it took to finish the puzzle.
27. 2. IF THE TEMPERATURE OF WATER IS HIGHER,
THEN AN EGG WILL BOIL FASTER
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: temperature of
water is higher
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: egg will boil faster
29. 4. WHAT BRAND OF SODA CONTAINS THE
MOST CAFFEINE?
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: the most
caffeine
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: brand of soda
30. 5. WHAT GRADE OF MIDDLE SCHOOL
STUDENTS (6TH, 7TH, OR 8TH) CAN JUMP THE
HIGHEST?
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: grade of middle
school students (6th, 7th, or 8th)
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: can jump the
highest
31. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Melegrito L. and Mendoza D. Applied Research: Introduction to Quantitative
Research Method and Report Writing. Phoenix Publishing House 2016
• Fraenbel, J. Wallen, N., and Hyun, H. 2012. How to design and evaluate
research in education. 2012. USA: Mc-Graw-Hill.
• Creswell, J. 2014. Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method
approaches. 4th ed. Los Angeles: Sage.
• Jesson, J., Matheson, L., and Lacy, F. 2011. Doing your literature review:
Traditional and systematic techniques. Los Angeles: Sage.
• Baraceros E. Practical Research 2. Rex Publishing House