earth science for first year bachelor secondary education major in science

1. Running
Running
Water
Water
lesson 5
lesson 5
Vergara, Sarah Jane P.
Macapagal, Ashley Nicole B.
Serrano, Sheilla Mae E.

2. Explain and elaborate the
definition of Floods and its
damaging effects.
Objectives
Objectives
Discuss the Stream and thE
factors and it’s factors that
determine the velocity of it.
Learn what is the definition of
Water and how Water Cycle
works .
1
1 2
2 3
3

3. What is Water?
What is Water?
-Water is everywhere on Earth in oceans, glaciers,
rivers, lakes, the air, soil and even
in living tissues. All of these constitute the Earth’s
hydrosphere.
-Water is a substance made up of two hydrogen
atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O), and can be
found in solid state as ice, in gaseous state as
water vapour, and in liquid state as water. The
physical and chemical properties of water are very
important for the survival of ecosystems.

4. FACTORS THAT
FACTORS THAT
DETERMINE
DETERMINE
THE VELOCITY
THE VELOCITY
OF A STREAM
OF A STREAM

5. Volume of water flowing past a certain point
in a given unit of time and usually measured in cubic meters per
second.
Discharge
Gradient
The slope of a stream channel expressed as the vertical drop of a
stream over a specified distance. The steeper the gradient, the
more energy available for stream flow.
Channel Classification
The shape, size, and roughness of the channel affect the amount of
friction. Larger channels have more efficient flow, a smooth channel
promotes a more uniform flow and an irregular channel filled with
boulders creates enough turbulence to slow down stream flow.

6. WORLD’S
WORLD’S
LONGEST
LONGEST
RIVERS
RIVERS

7. 2
2
Nile River
6,600 kms.
Nile River
6,600 kms.
Amazon River
6,200 kms.
Amazon River
6,200 kms.
Missouri-Mississippi
6,000 kms.
Missouri-Mississippi
6,000 kms.
1
1 3
3

8. 5
5
YANGTZE
5,450 kms.
YANGTZE
5,450 kms.
OB-LRTYSH
5,450 kms.
OB-LRTYSH
5,450 kms.
4
4

9. WORLD’S
WORLD’S
LARGEST
LARGEST
RIVERS
RIVERS

10. AmazoN
5,800 sq.kms.
AmazoN
5,800 sq.kms.
Zaire
4,000 sq.kms.
Zaire
4,000 sq.kms.
Mississippi
3,200 sq.kms.
Mississippi
3,200 sq.kms.
1
1 2
2 3
3

11. YENISEY
2,600 SQ. KMS.
YENISEY
2,600 SQ. KMS.
LENA
2,510 SQ. KMS.
LENA
2,510 SQ. KMS.
4
4 5
5

12. TOP 5
TOP 5
BIGGEST/
BIGGEST/
LARGEST
LARGEST
RIVERS IN THE
RIVERS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
PHILIPPINES

13. CAGAYAN RIVER
AREA: 505 KM. LONG
DRAINAGE: 27, 300 SQ. KM.
CAGAYAN RIVER
AREA: 505 KM. LONG
DRAINAGE: 27, 300 SQ. KM.
RIO GRANDE DE MINDANAO
AREA: 373 KM. LONG
DRAINAGE: 23, 169 SQ. KM.
RIO GRANDE DE MINDANAO
AREA: 373 KM. LONG
DRAINAGE: 23, 169 SQ. KM.
MAGAT RIVER
AREA: 353 KM. LONG
DRAINAGE: 5, 110 SQ. KM.
MAGAT RIVER
AREA: 353 KM. LONG
DRAINAGE: 5, 110 SQ. KM.
1
1 2
2 3
3

14. AGUSAN RIVER
AREA: 350 KM. LONG
DRAINAGE: 10, 921 SQ. KM.
AGUSAN RIVER
AREA: 350 KM. LONG
DRAINAGE: 10, 921 SQ. KM.
PAMPANGA RIVER
AREA: 260 KM. LONG
DRAINAGE: 10, 540 SQ. KM.
PAMPANGA RIVER
AREA: 260 KM. LONG
DRAINAGE: 10, 540 SQ. KM.
4
4 5
5

15. WORKS OF EROSION
WORKS OF EROSION
EROSION
TRANSPORTATION
In solution (dissolved load)- most is brought to the stream
by ground water or acquired by dissolving rock along the
stream’s course.
In suspension (suspended load)- usually sand, silt and clay but
during floods, larger particles are also transported
Scooting or rolling along the bottom(bed load)- coarser
particles that move along the bottom of the stream by rolling,
sliding and by saltation or appears to jump or skip along the
stream bed.
This refers to the removal of the rocks abd soil. If a channel
is composed of bedrock, erosion is accomplished by the abrasive
action of water armed with sediment. If a channel
is composed of loose material, considerable lifting and removal can
be accomplished by the impact of water.
Streams transport their load in 3 ways:

16. DEPOSITION
Whenever a stream slows down, its velocity decreases
and its competence reduced and sediments begin to drop
out, largest particles first and then begin to settle out.
Particles of the same size are deposited together.

17. What is Flood?
What is Flood?
Floods are the most frequent type of natural
disaster and occur when an overflow of water
submerges land that is usually dry. Floods are
often caused by heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt
or a storm surge from a tropical cyclone or
tsunami in coastal areas. It can cause
widespread devastation, resulting in loss of life
and damages to personal property and critical
public health infrastructure.

18. Flood typically occurs when prolonged rain falls over several days, when
intense rain falls over a short period of time, or when an ice or debris jam
causes a river or stream to overflow onto the surrounding area. Floods can
also result from the failure of a water control structure, such as a levee or
dam. Floods cannot be prevented but it can be controlled effectively in a
number of ways:
Causes of Floods and Flood Controls:
Causes of Floods and Flood Controls:
Increasing the flow capacity of th river by cleaning
the channel of debris or by dredging.
1.
Constructing of dikes and leeves.
2.
Sandbagging during floods.
3.

19. Damaging effects of Floods:
Damaging effects of Floods:
-Loss of human life.
-Property and infrastructure damage.
-Road closures, erosion, and landslide
risks.
-Crop destruction and livestock loss.
-Threats to the aquatic species.
-Health risks due to water contamination.
-Housing displacement.
-Economic impacts.

21. Thank
Thank
you!!!
you!!!