This document provides an overview of open government and open data. It discusses why governments are adopting open practices, how to design open data programs that consider privacy and accessibility, and how citizens may have different attitudes towards sharing data. It emphasizes that open data is a tool that can enable many ends, from better decision making to public engagement, but cannot solve all problems on its own. The document also provides examples of open data portals and tools that have been implemented in various jurisdictions.

1. Module 10
Open Government and Open Data
PRESENTER

2. The (Digital) World is Changing – Digital is Changing the World
“The internet has revolutionized every aspect of our lives except government
services” David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (May, 2010)
Growing Up Digital!
Changing Sources of Truth!
2
January 13, 2015

3. Why Open Government?
3
TRUST … Lack of
Source: OECD http://www.oecd.org/gov/trust-in-government.htm

4. Why Open Government?
 Technology
 Economy
 Social Media
4
Expectations have changed …
- the ecosystem has changed
Don Tapscott TED

5. Open Gov Framework
- Approaches
 Canada OGP
Action Plan
focus on
 Open Data
 Open
Information
 Open Dialogue
5
Source: Canada’s Action Plan on Open Government 2014-16
http://open.canada.ca/en/content/canadas-action-plan-open-government-2014-16

6. Opening data vs. privacy and
secrecy
 While open data holds important potential
rewards it also is in tension with two key
parts of social and political life: privacy
(individuals) and secrecy (organizations).
6
Secrecy
Open
data Privacy

7. 7
Open Government
Open
Government Data
Government Data
Participation
and
engagement
Open Government
Objectives
Multi
Channel
Delivery
Identification &
Authentication
Inter-
operability
Accessibility
Citizens’ Use
Banking
(i.e.,
taxes)
Weather
reports
Find
Information
Pay
Bills
Web
surfing
Audio
Video/
Media
Research
Open Government
means different things
to different actors.
In particular, access to
data – a critical part of
Open Government – is
used in very different
ways by citizens and
governments.

8. Open Government Partnership
8

9. OGP Action Plan Template
 1. Introduction – explains the local
context and why Open Gov is important.
 2. Open Government Efforts to Date
 3. NAP Development Process –
designed to be a co-production, involving
a multi-stakeholder approach (also should
give adequate lead times, use broad
consultations, publicize the event, etc.)
 4 Commitments – brief, clear and specific9

10. 10

11. Design, design, design
 When discussing open data we always speak
(explicitly or implicitly) about the technology the
underlines its collection, storage, sharing,
accessing, use, diffusion, etc.
 How technology is designed and set up can have a
very important effect upon how data is used.
 Assuming that technology is neutral and that its
design is not, two principles were developed:
 Access by Design and Privacy by Design
11

12. Privacy by Design
 7 Foundational Principles:
1. Proactive not Reactive; Preventative not Remedial
2. Privacy as the Default Setting
3. Privacy Embedded into Design
4. Full Functionality — Positive-Sum, not Zero-Sum
5. End-to-End Security — Full Lifecycle Protection
6. Visibility and Transparency — Keep it Open
7. Respect for User Privacy — Keep it User-Centric
12

13. 13

14. Privacy and data
 Privacy is about the ability of the individual
to control personal data.
 The freedom to choose what will be
released.
 For example using by design forms that
maintain the privacy of the individuals who
fill them out.
14

15. Access by Design
 7 Foundational Principles:
1. Proactive not Reactive; Preventative not Remedial
2. Access embedded into Design
3. Openness and Transparency = Accountability
4. Fosters Collaboration
5. Enhances Efficient Government
6. Makes Access Truly Accessible
7. Increases Quality of Information
15

16. Push Data Out
 AbD is designed to push data out rather
than making it accessible to users.
 This comes with implications for
governments and public administrations
that must become
 More responsive
 More open
 More efficient
 More collaborative 16

17. Purposes of Access by Design
Accountability
and
Transparency
Easy Access
to Quality
Information
Collaborative
and Efficient
Government
17

18. Module 10
Open Data
PRESENTER

19. Open Data Ecosystem
- overarching view
19
Open Data
Data
Technology
Policy &
Standards
Stakeholders
Resources
Users

20. Open Data Framework
- Key Processes
20
Simple Data Lifecycle Data Publishing
Exist?
Own?
Value
Privacy?
Legal Risks?
Principles,
Resources
DECISION
RequestTrackingviaOpenDataWebsite
5Days5Days5Days
Open Data Requests
City
Staff
Community
Other
Government
1.
2.
3.
Open Data Requests

21. Different data, different duty?
 Infrastructural data: information about
geographical, natural and infrastructural
areas. Generally not sensitive.
 Public service data: about the activities
of government, tends to contain aggregate
data some of which is of a sensitive
nature.
 Personal data: data that individuals would
have a legitimate right to manage access
to (health). 21

22. It’s what you do with the data…
 Many concerns about
privacy violations or potential
negative impacts are not
about the data, but about the
information that can be
gathered from data that was
not designed to be
compared and manipulated.
Data
Processing
Information
22

23. Open data in a digitalized society
Open data
Processing
Information
Information
Information
Processing
Information
Processing
Information
Information
Processing
Information
Information
Processing Information
23

24. Advanced analytics and mobile communications are key forces shaping
government
 Advanced analytics is rated as important
by over 80% of global respondents
 AUS/CAN/NZ place highest
importance on using advanced
analytics to guide better decision
making (for UAE, mobile
communications ranks 1st)
 Canada and UAE stand out as a
countries that place the highest
importance on Social media impacts to
government
 Mobile communications is also rated as
important (77% of participants) in all four
countries
 Strongest opinion of importance in
UAE
 Driving adoption of on-line service
delivery to citizens / businesses appears to
also be a global priority (more than 68% of
respondents rate this as important)
 Social Media and Open Data also receive
relatively high importance scores at over
70% each
24
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Usingadvancedanalytics
toguidebetterdecision
making
Mobilecommunications
andapplications
SocialMedia
OpenData
Softwareasaservice
Measuringsocial
returnoninvestment
Cloudtechnology
Outcomebasedpayments
Crowdsourcing/funding
Very important
Important
Moderately important
Of little importance
Unimportant
Implications for Public Sector Leaders:
• What kinds of decisions would analytics support
• What barriers exist regarding analytics (vision, data, tools, HR)
• What parts of Mobile (internal / external) are most critical and
what IT requirements exist
• What initial steps have been applied to social media and open
data
Source: Public Sector Executive Survey, Question 8 How important will each of
the following forces be to how you manage and interact in the next two years?
Impact of forces on organization
Are countries able to compete with the
global trend in mobile technology as
EGovernment interface?

25. Open Data as a mean to many ends
 See open data as a tool in achieving your
organizational and policy objectives.
 Open data in and of itself should not be
considered an end to itself.
 We must try to consider open data in a
broad instrumental perspective that has a
variety of cascading effects on our
organization, workflow management, HR
needs, policy, etc. 25

26. Open data
• Data and
information
are made
available
Tools, Apps,
Mashups
• Analysis of
the data
People,
Organizations
• Action is
undertaken
and change
is planned
26

27. Open data cannot be a panacea
 Open Data is nota catch all solution to our
organizational change issues and focus on
a realistic plan to manage the change that
it can generate.
 We should also be aware of the fact that
open data affects change at two levels:
 Internally to the organization that produces it
 Externally among the public that can access
the open data
27

28. Data and citizens
 It is important to remember that different
people approach data in different manner.
 Three attitudes are common:
 Data unconcerned
 Data pragmatism
 Data fundamentalist

29. The Data Unconcerned: They are not
worried about sharing information or
about how it is used.
The Data Pragmatists: They are are
reasonably open to sharing
Data, but they expect privacy.
The Data Fundamentalists: They are not
open to sharing information unless they
are faced with compelling needs or
benefits to do so.

30. Why accepting open data?
 Acceptance of open
data practices by
individuals should be
based on solid value
and engagement
practices.
Transparency
Value
Control
30

31. Higher expectations
 Many people today have a clear
understanding of what open data and big
data are.
 They expect that both government and
private entities will handle their data in a
safe an reasonable way.
 However, not all of the trust them to do so.
31

32. Lessons
 Managing data is about managing lives –
be seen to care and be effective in
protecting that data
 Open data strategies need to be
transparent, valuable, and controllable.
 Open data in a highly digitalized society
leads to often unpredictable information
being produced.
 Cannot be uncomfortable with lack of control
of information 32

33. Actioning the Framework
- Open Data Portal
 Functional Areas
 Data Catalogue
 News/Blog/Subscribe
 Data Requests
 Discussion forum
 Polls/Surveys
 “Developer Corner”
 Social media
 Apps Showcase
 Documentation/Links
 User Experience (UX
design) is important
 Dynamic – need to refresh
to keep interest in returning
33
Data BC – a mature portal

34. Actioning the Framework
- Open Data Portal
 The Data Catalogue
 Data search/filters
 Data
categories/sources
 Data format options
 Metadata
34
Data BC – a mature portal
SurreyB.C.–Version2Catalogue
data.gov.uk/

35. Actioning the Framework
- Open Data Portal
 Developer Resources
 APIs increasingly
important to
developers for
programmatic access
35

36. Actioning the Framework
- Open Data Portal
 The Apps Showcase
36
U.K
Ottawa
SanFrancisco
Toronto

37. Water Point Mapping System (WPMS)
http://wpm.maji.go.tz
37© IPAC 2015

38. The LAPOR Process
1. Input
2. Verification of the Report
3. Action Report
4. Follow up Report 38© IPAC 2015

39. LAPOR Website
https://lapor.ukp.go.id
39© IPAC 2015

40. GAME – Stopping Open Data
 Game Type: The Anti Problem
 Please split into groups of 3 or 4 people.
Your goal is to Stop your organization
from implementing open data.
 You have 20 minutes to generate and
display various ways to solve the anti-
problem, which we shall share at the end.
There are NO wrong answers.
40January 13, 2015