The document discusses principles of using multimedia in course content. It describes the multimedia principle of incorporating both graphics and words rather than just text alone. There are different types of graphics that can be used, such as decorative, representational, organizational, and transformational graphics. The contiguity principle states that any text should be placed near the corresponding graphics. Following these principles leads to active learning as students make connections between graphics and text, which can increase engagement and academic achievement through knowledge construction. Examples are provided of both correctly and incorrectly applying these multimedia principles.

1. Module 1
MULTIMEDIA PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS
Multimedia Principle
-includes graphics and words rather than text alone on course
pages and presentations.
Graphics = still pictures, animations, videos
Words = text or sounds
Types of Graphics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Decorative
Representational
Organizational
Relational
Transformational
Interpretive
Content Types & Graphics
Decorative
- added for aesthetic appeal

2. Representational
- illustrate the appearance of an object
Organizational
- show qualitative relationships
Relational
-
Summarize quantitative relationships

3. Transformational
- illustrate change over time or space
Interpretive
- Make intangible phenomena invisible
Content Types & Graphics

4. Contiguity Principle
- Place text near corresponding graphics
Good use of Contiguity
Bad use of Contiguity

5. Effects of Following the Multimedia Principle
1.
Students participate in active learning because they are
making connections between graphics and text
2.
Active learning leads to engaged learning which can
increase motivation and academic achievement
3.
Active learning leads to knowledge construction rather
than information acquisition which involves more profound
cognitive processing
Examples of Multimedia Principles Used Beneficially

6. Examples of not using Multimedia Principles Correctly

7. Contiguity Principle
1.
Graphics and text should be placed near each other on
the screen.
2.
Spoken words and graphics should be presented
simultaneously.
Contiguity Principle Do’s and Don’ts
Do : When a graphic is showing instructions, steps, descriptions, or
actions make sure the printed words are right next to it on the
screen.
Don’t : When scrolling, text should never be separate from the
graphic above or below it.
Don’t : Never put feedback on a separate page from a student
answer
Don’t : Directions should not appear on a separate page from their
application
When a graphic is showing a task, an action, or a description, the
narration should be presented at the same time.
Don’t : Present a segment of narration that comes first and is
followed by the video or animation second.
Don’t : Provide an icon or link for the narration that is separate than
the icon or link for the graphic.

8. Examples of Using Contiguity Principles Correctly