Modes of Formation of Subjects

1. By
Ms.Pritee Sharma
Assistant Professor ( A.C.)
School of Library & Information Science
Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani
Modes of Formation of Subjects

2. Subjects
Kinds of
Subject
Basic Compound Complex

3. Basic Subject
Primary (B.S.)
Newly
Emerging
(Journalis
m)
Traditi
onal
(Physic
s)
Distilled
(Researc-
h
Method)
Fused
(Astrop
hysics)
Agglome
rates
(Social
Sciences
)
Subject
Bundle
(Religion
& Ethics)
Non-Primary
(N.B.S.)
Canonical
( Algebra)
System
(Homeop
athy)
Special
(sports
Medicine)
Environ
ment
(War
Economy
)

4. Compound subjects
 These subjects are composed of a basic class and
one or more isolates. A compound subject
comprises of a basic subject and facets arranged in
some systematic order. For example:
 Eye Medicine
 Human Diseases
 Eye Diseases
 Treatment of eye diseases.

5. Complex subjects
 A complex class is defined as a class comprising of
two (or more) phases taken from different main
classes For example: Geopolitics
Phase Relation
‘Interaction of two distinct subject is called phase
relation, these phases are locked in some inter relation.
The device to construct a class number for a complex
class is known as Phase Relation Device.’

6. Kinds of Phase relations
 Rangnathan Sir Introduced the term phase. At the
first instance, in the 6th edition (1963) of the CC,
Ranganathan recognizes five kinds of relations or
interactions between the involved phases. In the
7th edition (1987) one more relation Tool Phase
has been rather reintroduced to make them six

7. Kinds of Phase
Relation
General
Ex:
Relation of
Physics &
Chemistry
Relation
between
Political
Sc. &
History
Bias
Mathemati
cs for
Biologist,
Psychology
for Doctors
Comparison
Compariso
n between
AACR-2
and CCC
Difference
Difference
between
Zoology &
Botany
Influencing
Impact of
It on
Library
Science
Physics
influence
d by
Mathema
tics
Tool
Philosophy of
Science
Statistics
for
Science

8. Mode of Formation
 In his book ‘Prolegomena to library classification
(1937)’ Its 3rd edition (1957) formation of mode is
divided in to 5 preliminary modes:
 Dissection
 Lamination
 Denudation
 Loose Assemblage
 Superimposition

9. Mode of Formation (Background)
 Dr. S. R. Rangnathan had Sir had been recognize 12
modes of formation of subject in the 7th Ed. of C.C.
1. Loose Assemblage Type-1 2. Loose Assemblage Type-2
3. Loose Assemblage Type-3 4. Lamination kind-1
5. Lamination kind-2 6. Fission
7. Dissection 8. Denudation
9. Fusion 10. Distillation
11. Agglomeration 12. Subject Bundle/Cluster

10. Loose Assemblage
Relationship between two isolate from the same facet.
 Loose Assemblage Type -1 (Intra Subject Phase
Relation) : It shows the mutual relationship between two
or more subject it may be simple or compound. There are
six types of relation has been made…
1. General 2. Bias 3. Difference
4. Comparison 5. Influence 6. Tool

11. Loose Assemblage Type -1
 Examples:
 Relation between History and literature (General)
 Mathematics for Engineers (Bias)
 Application of MathematicalTechniques is literacy
criticism (Tool)
 Comparison between Biology & Chemistry
 Difference between Hindi and Mathematics
 Physics influenced by Mathematics

12. Loose Assemblage Type -2
 The Relationship between two isolate from the same facet of the same main
class., It is also called Intra facet Phase Relation fit has furthers 6 types of
relation, General, Bias, Comparison, Difference, Influence, and tool,.
This relationship results in the formation of a complex Isolate Idea…
Examples:
 Relation between Hinduism and Buddhism (General)
 Comparative study between Hinduism and Buddhism
 Indian History is biased by American History (Bias)
 Difference between Family Ethics and Social Ethics
 Family Ethics influenced by Social Ethics
 Application of Computer on KOHA Library Software

13. Loose Assemblage Type -3
 The Relationship between two Arrays from the same isolates, of the
facet of the same main class., it has furthers 6 types of relation,
General, Bias, Comparison, Difference, Influence, and tool,.
This relationship results in the formation of a complex Isolate
Idea…
Examples:
 Relation between Male and Female Psychology (General)
 Comparison study between Male and Female Psychology
 Male Psychology is biased to Female Psychology
 Difference between Male and Female Psychology
 Influence of Library Classification on Cataloguing

14. Lamination
 The word ‘Lamination’ came from the Latin word ‘Laminee’ means
Differentiate, segregate, set apart, means segregate of two layers for
example sandwich.
 According. to Ranganathan "when the basic layer is a basic subject and the
other layers are isolate ideas, a compound subject is formed". Lamination is
of two types:
1. Lamination type-1
2. Lamination type -2

15. Lamination Type-1
 Here one or more isolates laminated over a basic subject, that results the compound
subject.
 Examples:
 Classification of Manuscripts in University Libraries
Basic Subject = Library Science
Isolate facets = University Library, Manuscripts
(P) (MP)
• Anatomy of Human body = Medicine Human body of Anatomy
(B. S.), (Isolate. Facet)
• Emotion in Children = Psychology Emotion in children
(B.S.) (Isolate facet)

16. Lamination type-2
 Here, two or more subject -facets of a compound facet are laminated
over one another. This type of subjects were called as non-main basic
subjects, the components of which were host main subject. The latter
had the canonical/special/ system component.
• Example: Ayurvedic System in medicine
Host main Subject = Medicine
Special component= Ayurvedic System
• Example: Quantum theory of Heat
M.S./Host Subject: Physics
B.S./ Canonical: Quantum theory and Heat

17. Lamination type-2
 Here, two or more subject -facets of a compound facet are
laminated over one another. This type of subjects were
called as non-main basic subjects, the components of which
were host main subject. The latter had the
canonical/special/ system component.
Example: Ayurvedic System in medicine
Host main Subject = Medicine
Special component= Ayurvedic System

18. Fission
 It means division, In this type of mode of formation of the
subject the basic segments split into fragments. it is the
successive Constant breaking of the subject into smaller
fragments as in a nuclear chain reaction.
For examples: Natural Science, Useful Arts, Humanity etc.
Fission has divided into two types
 Dissection
 Denudation

19. Dissection
 It means the main subject has been divided into many
fields by dissection. This term is used to denote fission
when we consider an array of division of isolate or of a
basic subject.(Primary Subject divides in to many parts)
For examples: Social Science
Humanity Sociology

20. Denudation
 Literally denude means to make bare Similarly, In this type
of fission, while we Subject is divided into many fields by
denudation we focus on subject intention, not extension.
For examples:
Academic Libraries: Library University Libraries College
Library School Libraries

21. Fusion
 In this mode two or more main subject are fused in such
way that each of them loses its individuality.
For examples:
1. Biophysics
2. Biochemistry
3. Astophysics

22. Distillation
 In this mode a pure discipline is evolved as a main subject
out of the experience in its appearance in action in diverse
compound subjects going with different host basic subject
or it gives rise to primary subject (Basic subject to new
subject)
For examples:
1. Research Methodology
2. Forestry
3. International Relation, Micro Biology

23. Agglomeration/ Partial Comprehension
 Many a time out of necessity, some basic subjects
coordinated in rank have appeared arrayed together.
These are neither loosely assembled nor fused. So in
their intra-relations, these are inert subjects.
 For Example: Plant sciences (botany, agriculture,
horticulture, forestry)
 Social Science, Natural Science, Life Science etc.

24. Subject Bundle/Cluster
 This mode of formation Different subject is used to
make new subject and which belong to one cluster.
Examples: Indology
 Space Science
 Ocean Sciences

25. Thanks