Modern novels from the late 19th/early 20th century realistically depicted psychological aspects of life and contained a sense of pessimism. Key modern authors included Thomas Hardy who explored fate in novels like Tess of the d'Urbervilles. Postmodernism emerged in the 1940s incorporating elements like parody, playfulness and black humor. Notable postmodern authors were Joseph Heller, Kurt Vonnegut, and Thomas Pynchon who blended genres to critique aspects of modern society like war and consumerism. Postmodern novels by Tim O'Brien incorporated both fiction and reality from his Vietnam War experiences.

2. • To understand modernism and
postmodernism.
• To get the idea of modern and
postmodern novels and novelists.
• Main themes.

3.  Experimenting with the representations of reality.
 Early part of 20th century.
 Value judgments ( e.g.: high culture= good, low
culture= bad).
 A lot of what is generally accepted as a “norm”.

4.  Written in 20th century and the end of 19th century.
 Reflects mainly concerns, fears, artistic and literary
taste of modern era.
 Modern novel is realistic and more subjective.
 They’re psychological and stream of consciousness
is discussed.
 Deep sense of pessimism.

5. 1. THOMAS HARDY: (1840-1928), whose best
works include,
Tess of the d'Urbervilles:
1. Fate and free will.
2. Misfortune.
Far from the madding crowd:
1. Fate.
2. Unrequited love.

6. 1. Sons and lovers:
• Myth and symbol
• Hope of collective and individual rebirth.
2. The rainbow:
• Poetry.
• Beauty.
3. A bay in the bush:
• Theme of male comradeship and leadership.
4. Trespasser:
• Melodramatic.

7. Important novels :
 The Dubliners (1914):
• Stages of life.
• Powerlessness.
 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916):
• literature & life.

8. Important Novels:
1. The Voyage Out (1918):
• Meaning of life.
2. Night and Day (1919):
• Conversation and introspections.
3. Jacob’s Room (1922):
• Meaning of experience.
• unsolved mystery.
4. Mrs. Dalloway (1925):
• Long interior monologue.

9.  Important novels:
1. The Road to Wigan Pier (1937)
2. Homage to Catalonia (1938)
3. Animal farm (1945):
• Karl Marx theory.
• powerful anti-communist satire.
4. Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949):
• Attack on totalitarianism.

10.  a term that encompasses a wide-range of
developments in philosophy, film, architecture, art,
literature, and culture.
 Started around 1940s, exact date is unknown.
 Used to describe the different aspects of post WW2
literature

11.  The concept mainly include responses to modernism
and its ideas.
 Common themes include irony , playfulness , black
humor.
 Patiche was introduced, where writers combine
multiple elements in post modern genre.
 Metafiction and Paranoia was also introduced.

12. 1. Joseph Heller: Born May 1, 1923. Known for his
post World War satires and playwrights. Famous
work include,
• Catch 22
A paradox war novel.
Philosophical viewpoints: cynicism
• Other works include: Something Happened, Good as Gold,
and ClosingTime

13. Famous work includes,
• Gravity’s rainbow
Paranoia
Physical and sociopolitical entropy within the plotlines.
• The crying of lot 49
Language and communication
• V
The tendency of twentieth century society towards entropy.
Conspiracy.

14. Born November 11, 1922. Known for using Patiche in
his works. Blends satire, black comedy, and science
fiction to create novels.
famous novels:
• Slaughterhouse five
Destructiveness of war
Acceptance of Inevitability
Illusion of free will
• Breakfast of champions
Humans as machines
Capitalism and consumerism.

15. Born October 1, 1946. Wrote mainly about his experiences in
the Vietnam War. uses fiction and reality and blends them into
his own genre. He labels his works fiction, however, he uses his
situations he experienced in his works.
Famous novels:
• Things they carried
power of friendship.
Pointlessness of war.
• In the lake of woods
love & relationship.
politics & manipulation.
War novel.

16. main themes of modern novels are:
› realistic
› idealistic
› psychological
main themes of postmodern novels are:
› Patiche
› Metafiction
› paranoia
Modern novels:
Postmodern novels: