Modern dance developed in the early 20th century as a rebellion against rigid ballet forms, pioneered by dancers like Ruth St. Denis and Martha Graham who incorporated freer movements and emotional expression. Key characteristics included the use of contraction and release, an emphasis on inner meaning over technical skill, and stories drawn from life rather than fairy tales. Modern dance has since evolved into diverse contemporary styles that may integrate elements of ballet, jazz, tap, and hip hop while still valuing improvisation and individual expression.