The document discusses various management models including autocratic, supportive, and collegial approaches, highlighting their characteristics and drawbacks. While early models focused on power and profit at the expense of employee welfare, modern models emphasize collaboration, job satisfaction, and the alignment of individual and organizational goals. The contemporary system model advocates for a partnership between management and employees, promoting a motivational and supportive workplace environment.

1. Autocratic Model
Custodian Model
Supportive Model
Collegial Model
S-O-B-C Model
System Model

2. This model consists of 4Ps – Power, Production,
Profit, Punishment.
 POWER –Industry’s first managers were
authoritarian. They were power oriented &
dominant in nature. Management issues orders,
employees execute them. There was only down
ward communication.
 PRODUCTION – They were production concerned.
They did not have concerns for people. They
wanted to produce more & more at any cost.
 PROFIT – Their only concern being profits,
employees’ welfare was neglected. They ill-
treated employees.

3.  PUNISHMENT – It believes in tight control, strict
discipline & command over employee behavior.
 Drawbacks - In this model employees were
dependent on management & followed task
centered approach. As a result there is no
initiation, nor enthusiasm to work. Employees’
feeling of insecurity, frustration & aggression
towards authorities, create pessimistic & negative
atmosphere at work place.
 However, the model may be used successfully
during crisis.

4.  This model is also known as paternalistic &
benevolent approach.
 The Factories Act,1948 defined the worker
rights & employer’s obligation towards him.
So now legally it became obligatory for an
employer to take care of his employees.

5.  It aimed to improve quality of work, security
& satisfaction needs of employees.
 It focused on better pay, fringe benefits, two
way communication, reward etc.
 Drawback – Workers are economically
satisfied, but do not give outstanding
performance due to lack of intrinsic
motivation. They are well-maintained &
happy which leads to moderate performance.

6.  This model believes in Mc Greagor’s theory Y.
 In this model managers share some of their
functions with subordinates with a view to
promote their mutual interest.
 It focuses on individual growth & job
satisfaction

7.  Management believes that workers have
meaningful ideas & suggestions & workers
will accept & execute decisions better if they
participate in them.
 This is a very widely used model in modern
organizations where work force is young,
knowledgeable & well –qualified.

8.  Globalization & privatization internally opened up
new industries & created a fresh outlook of
managing business.
 The manager had to become a facilitator & aimed
to foster a feeling of partnership with employees.
They are not superiors, but coordinators.
 These days many organizations create a state-
of-art kind of workplace for its employees. Top
class facilities, recreation, monetary & non-
financial incentives, informal atmosphere push
the employee to give his best.

9.  Many modern organizations provide open
offices, offer better facilities as crèche,
gymnasium, library, cafeteria etc.
 They believe in pro-actively fulfilling different
needs of employees.

10.  Stimulus –incentive or motivation tool.
 Organism – acts as mediator & can be
psychological or environmental
 Behavior – response to wards actions
 Consequence – can be +ve or –ve.

11.  This is the most contemporary model which
focuses on the overall structure of the
organization and its environment.
 It also considers that the personnel of the
organization have different goals and
potentials.
 The system model aims to make congruency
in between individual goals and goals of the
organization.

12.  Individual goals consists of handsome salary,
job security, autonomy, enhance in position,
hygienic working condition and cordial
management.
 Similarly, the main goal of the organization to
survive and expand in the volatile
environment with motivated manpower.
 The system model creates a partnership
between management and employees and
maintains goal congruency.