The document presents the results of a reservoir simulation study for an enhanced oil recovery project using waterflooding. Key findings include: 1) The optimal injector location was determined to be well block 7,28, which maximized the project NPV of $277 million. 2) Increasing the injection temperature from 150 to 450 degrees Fahrenheit improved the NPV and oil production rates. 3) The presence of an aquifer nearly doubled the project NPV to over $3 billion, and improved recovery factors compared to the reservoir without an aquifer. 4) Higher injection rates and temperatures generally increased project NPV by displacing more oil from the reservoir.

1. PNG 420
Final Project Presentation
Team 6
Team Members
Qassim Alhashim
David Verm
Prateeksha Mazumder
Andre Ibuaka

2. Reservoir Properties
Initial Reservoir Pressure, pi 6000 psia
Area of the reservoir, acres 206.6 acres
Height of the formation, h 150 ft
Volume formation factor, Bo 1.1 RB/STB
Rock compressibility, cf 5*10-6 psi-1
Fluid compressibility, c0 5*10-6 psi-1
Maximum Injection pressure 7000 psia
Reservoir Temperature, T 1500F
Average water saturation, Sw 0.22
API gravity of the fluid 10 API
Irreducible water saturation, Swirr 0.18

3. Task 1 – Maximizing NPV
• Position of injector
• Injector was positioned down-dip
• Maximized the production of oil since the water pushed the oil
from underneath
• Trial and error was used to obtain optimum position of
injector and maximize NPV
• Final position of injector – Well block 7, 28
• Maximum water injection rate is 5000 STB/D

4. NPV Table
Year Date Oil Production Rate(STB/day) Additional Costs($) Revenue Adjusted Revenue Discounted cash flows
0 ($7,000,000.00) ($7,000,000.00) ($7,000,000.00)
1 1/1/2014 1768.29863 ($1,312,168.95) $51,634,320.00 $50,322,151.05 $44,930,492.01
2 1/1/2015 1611.70137 -496201.55 $47,061,680.00 $46,565,478.45 $37,121,714.33
3 1/1/2016 1809.342466 -526262.9 $52,832,800.00 $52,306,537.10 $37,230,759.94
4 1/1/2017 1942.410959 -551614.25 $56,718,400.00 $56,166,785.75 $35,695,007.75
5 1/1/2018 2052.356164 -577835.9 $59,928,800.00 $59,350,964.10 $33,677,330.94
6 1/1/2019 2157.671233 -604259.3 $63,004,000.00 $62,399,740.70 $31,613,650.59
7 1/1/2020 1976.794521 -710264.15 $57,722,400.00 $57,012,135.85 $25,789,394.92
8 1/1/2021 1449.863014 -976042.5 $42,336,000.00 $41,359,957.50 $16,704,593.14
9 1/1/2022 1192.575342 -1182362.5 $34,823,200.00 $33,640,837.50 $12,131,223.25
10 1/1/2023 1030.164384 -1354923 $30,080,800.00 $28,725,877.00 $9,248,963.59
NPV=$277,100,000

5. Pressure surface maps
01/01/2014 01/01/2019
01/01/2024

6. Water Saturation Profiles
01/01/2014 01/01/2019
01/01/2024

7. Oil and water flow rates
Breakthrough point (3/1/2020)

8. Injection/ Production

9. Voidage Rate vs Time

10. Recovery factor
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
RF vs time
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
RF
Time (days)

11. NPV vs skin factor
221800000
NPV vs Skin Factor
45860000
44360000 42990000 41720000
250000000
200000000
150000000
100000000
50000000
0
-4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0
NPV ($)
Skin Factor

12. Pressure surface maps (with aquifer)
01/01/2014 01/01/2019
01/01/2024

13. Oil Saturation Profiles (with aquifer)
01/01/2014 01/01/2019
01/01/2024

14. Oil and Water Production Rates (with aquifer)
Breakthrough point

15. Injection/Production Rates (with aquifer)

16. NPV vs max injection rate
277100000
47650000
NPV vs Max Injection Rate
41530000 46420000
4994000
3197000
300000000
250000000
200000000
150000000
100000000
50000000
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
NPV ($)
Max Injection rate (STB/D)

17. NPV vs injection temperature
NPV Vs Injection Temperature
54230611
54860000
54780000
56520000
57000000
56500000
56000000
55500000
55000000
54500000
54000000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
NPV ($)
T (F)

18. NPV tables for 150°F
Date Oil Production Rate(STB/day) Additional Costs($) Revenue Adjusted Revenue Discounted cash flows
$-7,000,000.00 $-7,000,000.00 $-7,000,000.00
1/1/2014 219.9155 ($1,016,201.72) $6,421,532.60 $5,405,330.89 $5,405,330.89
1/1/2015 211.4213333 -30159.68025 $6,173,502.93 $6,143,343.25 $6,143,343.25
1/1/2016 218.3870833 -45254.07296 $6,376,902.83 $6,331,648.76 $6,331,648.76
1/1/2017 223.4795833 -60356.98656 $6,525,603.83 $6,465,246.85 $6,465,246.85
1/1/2018 227.5619167 -75885.68577 $6,644,807.97 $6,568,922.28 $6,568,922.28
1/1/2019 230.09475 -91677.27276 $6,718,766.70 $6,627,089.43 $6,627,089.43
1/1/2020 226.982 -108375.6738 $6,627,874.40 $6,519,498.73 $6,519,498.73
1/1/2021 215.2826667 -127424.1566 $6,286,253.87 $6,158,829.71 $6,158,829.71
1/1/2022 200.8245833 -149709.7652 $5,864,077.83 $5,714,368.07 $5,714,368.07
1/1/2023 187.3816667 -175211.5259 $5,471,544.67 $5,296,333.14 $5,296,333.14
NPV= $54,230,611

19. NPV tables for 250°F
NPV=$ 54,860,000
Date
Oil Production
Rate(STB/day) Additional Costs($) Revenue Adjusted Revenue
Discounted cash
flows
($7,000,000.0
0) ($7,000,000.00) ($7,000,000.00)
1/1/2014 245.7917808 -139784.65 $7,177,120.00 $7,037,335.35 $7,037,335.35
1/1/2015 196.2136986 -187660.82 $5,729,440.00 $5,541,779.18 $5,541,779.18
1/1/2016 221.7945205 -189495.025 $6,476,400.00 $6,286,904.98 $6,286,904.98
1/1/2017 226.4027397 -191558.725 $6,610,960.00 $6,419,401.28 $6,419,401.28
1/1/2018 257.2465753 -193375.375 $7,511,600.00 $7,318,224.63 $7,318,224.63
1/1/2019 206.0958904 -195582.325 $6,018,000.00 $5,822,417.68 $5,822,417.68
1/1/2020 228.7452055 -199004.625 $6,679,360.00 $6,480,355.38 $6,480,355.38
1/1/2021 197.3150685 -205716.625 $5,761,600.00 $5,555,883.38 $5,555,883.38
1/1/2022 201.2520548 -216968.175 $5,876,560.00 $5,659,591.83 $5,659,591.83
1/1/2023 203.1315068 -190122.475 $5,931,440.00 $5,741,317.53 $5,741,317.53

20. NPV tables for 325°F
Date Oil Production Rate(STB/day) Additional Costs($) Revenue Adjusted Revenue Discounted cash flows
($7,000,000.0) ($7,000,000.00) ($7,000,000.00)
1/1/2014 229.4882466 -1184344.5 $6,701,056.80 $5,516,712.30 $5,516,712.30
1/1/2015 218.4084932 -185967.7559 $6,377,528.00 $6,191,560.24 $6,191,560.24
1/1/2016 226.2515616 -187890.2958 $6,606,545.60 $6,418,655.30 $6,418,655.30
1/1/2017 231.0295342 -189824.3742 $6,746,062.40 $6,556,238.03 $6,556,238.03
1/1/2018 235.4088219 -191966.9852 $6,873,937.60 $6,681,970.61 $6,681,970.61
1/1/2019 237.6450959 -194124.7956 $6,939,236.80 $6,745,112.00 $6,745,112.00
1/1/2020 232.5441096 -197844.1775 $6,790,288.00 $6,592,443.82 $6,592,443.82
1/1/2021 217.3744932 -205308.7279 $6,347,335.20 $6,142,026.47 $6,142,026.47
1/1/2022 201.6905753 -217644.8128 $5,889,364.80 $5,671,719.99 $5,671,719.99
1/1/2023 188.4179726 -234818.6547 $5,501,804.80 $5,266,986.15 $5,266,986.15
NPV=$ 54,780,000

21. NPV tables for 450°F
Date Oil Production Rate(STB/day) Additional Costs($) Revenue Adjusted Revenue Discounted cash flows
($7,000,000.00) ($7,000,000.00) ($7,000,000.00)
1/1/2014 223.1567123 -256823.55 $6,516,176.00 $6,259,352.45 $6,259,352.45
1/1/2015 222.4953425 -187735.875 $6,496,864.00 $6,309,128.13 $6,309,128.13
1/1/2016 230.7808219 -189640.275 $6,738,800.00 $6,549,159.73 $6,549,159.73
1/1/2017 241.3890411 -191565.375 $7,048,560.00 $6,856,994.63 $6,856,994.63
1/1/2018 260.6054795 -193686.275 $7,609,680.00 $7,415,993.73 $7,415,993.73
1/1/2019 214.9972603 -195845.625 $6,277,920.00 $6,082,074.38 $6,082,074.38
1/1/2020 254.6849315 -200278.825 $7,436,800.00 $7,236,521.18 $7,236,521.18
1/1/2021 218 -208670.675 $6,365,600.00 $6,156,929.33 $6,156,929.33
1/1/2022 185.4739726 -221751.275 $5,415,840.00 $5,194,088.73 $5,194,088.73
1/1/2023 195.0657534 -240686.875 $5,695,920.00 $5,455,233.13 $5,455,233.13
NPV=$ 56,652,000

22. We vs time

23. NPV vs Temperature (with aquifer)
NPV Vs T
98460838.76
102027744.5
102500000
102000000
101500000
101000000
100500000
100000000
99500000
99000000
98500000
98000000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
NPV ($)
Temperature (°F)

24. RF vs Time (with and without an aquifer)
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
RF Vs Time
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
RF
time (years)
RF with an aquifer
RF without an aquifer

25. Conclusion
• NPV=$277,100,000 (without aquifer)
• NPV=$3,038,124,019 (with aquifer)
• After a certain point, skin factor has
little effect
• NPV & Production increases as
injection temperature increases
• Increasing injection rate increases
NPV