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Based on Laser B2, p.180
Modal verbs
• We use them to express permission, ability,
obligation, advice, criticisim
• they have only one form (*exception  have to
chnges its form depending on person and tense,
ex. She has to go home.)
• Modals are never followed by the full infinitive
(=to do, to play, etc.) ex. She could play the
guitar when she was three.
Modal verbs - ability
CAN
• To talk about ability now or generally
The doctor can see you now.
Terry can speak Arabic.
• to talk about decisions made now about future
ability
We can go to the concert tomorrow, if you like.
Modal verbs - ability
BE ABLE TO
• To talk about future ability
You will be able to take your driving test
after a few more lessons.
Modal verbs - ability
COULD
• To talk about ability in the past
Tammy could read when she was two years old.
• To talk about present, future or general
hypothetical situations
I wish I could go with you tomorrow.
Modal verbs - ability
COULD + HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLE
• To talk about past hypothetical situations
I could have bought a more expensive
shirt, but I didn’t want to.
I’d love to= I wish, I want
 I’d love to be able to go on a
round-the-world cruise.
x I’d love to can go on a round-the-
world cruise.
Modal verbs - permission
CAN, COULD, MAY
• To ask for and give permission now, for the
future, or generally.
May I go on the school trip next week?
• May  very polite
• Could  polite
• Can  less polite
Modal verbs- permission (past)
• To talk about past permission, we do not
usually use a modal
 I was allowed to go on the school trip.
x I could go on the school trip.
*exception  Reported Speech
My parents said I could go on the school trip.
Modal verbs - advice
SHOULD, OUGHT TO
• To ask for and give advice now, for the
future, or generally.
You should / ought to eat less fast-food.
Modal verbs - criticism
SHOULD / OUGHT TO + HAVE + PAST
PARTICIPLE
• To make criticisms about past behaviour
You should / ought to have studied harder
for the test.
Modal verbs - obligation
MUST
To talk about personal obligation now, in the future, or
generally
I must remember to get Dad a birthday present.
*unusual to use must
for questions. We usually
use have to.
Do I have to be home
by midnight?
Modal verbs - obligation
HAVE TO
To talk about external obligation now, in the future,
or generally
I have to study for
a test tonight.
I will have to be more
careful in future.
Modal verbs – obligation (past)
HAD TO
To talk about personal or external obligation
in the past
I had to tidy my bedroom last night.
Mustn’t vs. Have to
You mustn’t eat that! =
Don’t eat that!
(You are not allowed to
eat that!)
• You don’t have to eat
that. = You can eat it if
you want to but it isn’t
necesarry.

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modal-verbs-grammar-guides_65642.ppt

  • 1. Based on Laser B2, p.180
  • 2. Modal verbs • We use them to express permission, ability, obligation, advice, criticisim • they have only one form (*exception  have to chnges its form depending on person and tense, ex. She has to go home.) • Modals are never followed by the full infinitive (=to do, to play, etc.) ex. She could play the guitar when she was three.
  • 3. Modal verbs - ability CAN • To talk about ability now or generally The doctor can see you now. Terry can speak Arabic. • to talk about decisions made now about future ability We can go to the concert tomorrow, if you like.
  • 4. Modal verbs - ability BE ABLE TO • To talk about future ability You will be able to take your driving test after a few more lessons.
  • 5. Modal verbs - ability COULD • To talk about ability in the past Tammy could read when she was two years old. • To talk about present, future or general hypothetical situations I wish I could go with you tomorrow.
  • 6. Modal verbs - ability COULD + HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLE • To talk about past hypothetical situations I could have bought a more expensive shirt, but I didn’t want to.
  • 7. I’d love to= I wish, I want  I’d love to be able to go on a round-the-world cruise. x I’d love to can go on a round-the- world cruise.
  • 8. Modal verbs - permission CAN, COULD, MAY • To ask for and give permission now, for the future, or generally. May I go on the school trip next week? • May  very polite • Could  polite • Can  less polite
  • 9. Modal verbs- permission (past) • To talk about past permission, we do not usually use a modal  I was allowed to go on the school trip. x I could go on the school trip. *exception  Reported Speech My parents said I could go on the school trip.
  • 10. Modal verbs - advice SHOULD, OUGHT TO • To ask for and give advice now, for the future, or generally. You should / ought to eat less fast-food.
  • 11. Modal verbs - criticism SHOULD / OUGHT TO + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE • To make criticisms about past behaviour You should / ought to have studied harder for the test.
  • 12. Modal verbs - obligation MUST To talk about personal obligation now, in the future, or generally I must remember to get Dad a birthday present. *unusual to use must for questions. We usually use have to. Do I have to be home by midnight?
  • 13. Modal verbs - obligation HAVE TO To talk about external obligation now, in the future, or generally I have to study for a test tonight. I will have to be more careful in future.
  • 14. Modal verbs – obligation (past) HAD TO To talk about personal or external obligation in the past I had to tidy my bedroom last night.
  • 15. Mustn’t vs. Have to You mustn’t eat that! = Don’t eat that! (You are not allowed to eat that!) • You don’t have to eat that. = You can eat it if you want to but it isn’t necesarry.