MINT.pptx
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- Mint is a perennial herb native to the Mediterranean region, with several common species including Japanese mint, pepper mint, and spear mint. - Mint grows best in medium to fertile soil in sunny locations with adequate irrigation. It is propagated through stolons and established through planting in winter months. - Harvesting occurs over multiple cuttings when leaves start to yellow, yielding fresh herb or distilled mint oil high in menthol and other compounds. Proper drying, distillation, purification and storage is needed to extract and maintain the quality of the mint oil.
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1. welcome
2. Introduction
3. Botany
4. Uses
1. JAPANESE MINT (Mentha arvensis)
Branches : Rigid, pubescent
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Leaves : Broad ovate leaves, lanceolate to oblong, 3.7-10 cm long sharply toothed, or shortly petiolated and hariy.
Flowers : arranged in cyme which are usually sessile or rarely pedunculate. Flowers are purplish, minute.
Japanese mint (M.arvensis
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Branches : square, branching stems are of dark-green to deep purple colour and bear opposite, broadly lance-shaped.
Leaves : slightly toothed leaves of deep-green colour, 2.5 to 5 cm long.
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1. welcome
2. Introduction
3. Botany
4. Uses
1. JAPANESE MINT (Mentha arvensis)
Branches : Rigid, pubescent
60-90 cm tall.
Leaves : Broad ovate leaves, lanceolate to oblong, 3.7-10 cm long sharply toothed, or shortly petiolated and hariy.
Flowers : arranged in cyme which are usually sessile or rarely pedunculate. Flowers are purplish, minute.
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Primary source : Menthol
Fresh leaves : 0.4-6.0 per cent oil.
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Menthol (65-75%), Menthone (7-10%)
Menthyl acetate (12-15%) and
Terpenes (pipene, limonene and comphene).
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Branches : square, branching stems are of dark-green to deep purple colour and bear opposite, broadly lance-shaped.
Leaves : slightly toothed leaves of deep-green colour, 2.5 to 5 cm long.
Pepper mint (M. piperita):
Fresh herb : essential oils (0.4 to 0.6 %).
Constituents are Methyl acetate (14-15%), Menthone (9-25%) Menthofuran and terpenes like pinene and limonene.
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This document provides information about the cultivation and processing of the medicinal plant Ocimum tenuiflorum, also known as tulsi. It discusses the parts and varieties of tulsi plants, their medicinal uses, cultivation methods including soil and climate requirements, irrigation, manure and fertilizers, pest management, harvesting, and post-harvest processing. It also includes a cost-benefit analysis of tulsi farming and information about government loans and subsidies available to support tulsi cultivation in India.
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MINT.pptx
- 1. MINT • INDIAN NAME- Pudina • Family- Lamiaceae, Labiateae • Species- Japanese mint-Mentha arvensis (2n=96), Pepper mint- M piperita (2n=76), Spear mint- M.spicata (2n=41), Bergamot mint- M.Citrata(2n=20) • Origin- Meditterranian region • Varieties- Japanese mint- CIMP-MAS-1,CIMP-Hybrid- 77,Shivalik,EC41911,Gombi,Himlaya,Kalka,Kosi,Gomati,Dmroo,Sambh av and Saksham. Spear mint- CIMAP-MASS-1,CIMP-MASS-5,CIMP-MASS-98
- 2. Varieties • Spear mint- Punjab spearmint-1,Ganga,Neerkalka. • Bergamot Mint- Kiran • Pappermint -Kukrail ,Pranjal, Tusgar • Plant part uses-leaves • Active ingredients- Menthol, Menthone , Menthyl acetate, Terpenes (Pipene,limonene,α comphene) • USES- Cosmetics, culinary purpose, flavoring, perfumery, confectionary, Beverages, Oral preparations, Tobacco. • Drugs(Carminative,analgesic, treatment of neurolgia and rheumatism
- 3. Growth habit- • Perennial herb,spreading by root stocks. • Soil & Climate – Medium to fertile deep soil, rich in humus is ideal for cultivation, water logging should be avoided. Ph range of 6- 7.5 is best. • The crop can be grown in tropical and sub tropical areas under irrigation , but it does not tolerate damp winters which cause root rot. Open sunny situation without excessive rains during the growing period are congenial for good growth and development of oil . • In case of peppermint and spearmint the ideal yield is obtained only in humid and temperate condition like Kashmir and hills of UP & HP
- 4. Propagation and Planting • Mint is propagated through creeping stolon or suckers or runners , which are obtained from previous years planting ,1 ha of well established mint produces enough planting materials for 10 ha. • For planting in the well prepared main field , stolon are obtained in the month of December-January. • They are cut into small pieces of 7-10cms and planted @400 kg stolons /ha in shallow furrows distance of 45-60cm and irrigated immediately . • In the plains , planting is done during winter months,where as in temperate climate, planting is done autumn or spring from last week of December to first week of march,late plantig always gives poor yield.
- 5. Irrigation • Depending upon the soil and climate condition crop is irrigated 6-9 times before the first monsoon, the again 3 irrigation after monsoon (Sept,oct,nov) is needed. • A total of 15 irrigations are required to get maximum yield. • While in temperate climate 3-4 irrigation during July to October is need. • Water require mint of mint is very high.
- 6. Manures & Fertilizers • Crop responds very well to heavy application of Nitrogen Fertilizers. • 125:40:50 kg NPK/ha fertilizer dose is incorporated in soil. • Weeding- Weed growth cause about 60% reduction in herb and oil yield, Hence mint require weeding at regular interval in the early stages of crop growth. The best rotation is mint-rice, Mint- potatoes,mint – vegetables, mint-peas etc.
- 7. Harvesting & Yield • Crop is harvested after 100-120 days of planting when the lower leaves start turning yellow. • 2nd harvest is obtained after 80 days of 1st harvest and 3rd after 80days of 2nd harvest. • Harvesting consists of cutting the green herb by means of sickle 2-3 cm above the ground. • The 1st crop is ready at the end of June and 2nd is September and October. • Yiel- 48000 kg of fresh herb /ha, however the average yield from 3 cuttings is 20k-25k kg which is turn may yield about 50-70kg oil/ha
- 8. Post harvest handling • Storage of herb- Mint herb should be shade dried for about a day before it is distilled,care should be taken so that decomposition of the herbage doesn’t initiate during the drying process. There would be some reduction in oil yield if wilted herbage crop is stored for a longer period of 2-3 days . As such storage of herbage for a longer period is not recommended. • Distillation-The recovery of oil from the herb is 0.5-0.8% The oil id obtained through steam distillation, the oil is of golden yellow colour containing not less than 75% of methol. • The duration distillation is 2-2.5hr for complete recovery of oil.
- 9. • About 80% of the oil is received in the receiver in about one hours time,oil that received is rich of menthol. • The fresh or semi dried herbage is placed a tank and treated with passing stem under pressure, The steam that comes out of the tank is then pass through a condenser. The condenser receiving the steam, carrying the oil extracted from the herbage in the tank is kept constantly cool by circulating cold water over or around it. • The condensed oil and water mixture is collected n a reciver, since the water and oil have different densities , oil floats on the surface of the water in the reciver.
- 10. Purification of oil • The oil that is skimmed off must be cleaned of traces of water that it may carry. • Treating with anhydrous sodium sulphate and remove any remain moisture in the oil. The whole process is highly critical . • Storage & Packing of oil- • Pvc drums of good quality and galvanized iron drums or aluminum containers are suitable for short and long term storage respectively & It should be kept in cool and dark place.