This document provides a lesson plan on minerals and their characteristics. It discusses identifying examples of minerals, explaining their different properties, differentiating minerals based on their properties, and understanding the importance of minerals. The key criteria for classifying a material as a mineral are outlined as being naturally occurring, inorganic, having a definite and rigid shape, a definite chemical composition represented by a formula, and an orderly crystalline structure. Methods for identifying minerals are also presented, including observing their color, streak, hardness, cleavage, crystalline structure, transparency, luster, and tenacity.

1. Khazel P. Mendoza SHS- Teacher

2. Khazel P. Mendoza SHS- Teacher

3. Lesson 1 – Minerals and their Characteristics
– Different Properties of Minerals

4. 1. identify the examples of minerals;
2. explain the different characteristics of minerals;
3. differentiate minerals based on their properties;
and
4. develop awareness on the importance of
minerals around us.

5. Minerals make up the rocks beneath your feet, the
soil that supports plants, and the deep rock of
Earth’s mantle.
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
Mineralogists use the criteria to determine
whether a material is classified as a mineral or
not.

7. Graphite
Halite
magnetite., hematite, chromium
Silver, Copper, Gold, silicon
Limestone, hematite, quarts
Identify the following objects below. Then using the Internet or other possible sources,
determine what type of minerals are present in each of the presented objects in the table.

8. Arrange the jumbled letters to find
the appropriate criteria to determine
whether a material is classified as a
mineral or not.

9. - It is a product of Earth’s natural processes.
Answer:
NATURALLY OCCURING

10. - It must be product of Earth’s physical
processes.
Answer:
INORGANIC

11. have definite shape and volume.
Answer:
HOMOGENEOUS SOLID

12. - atoms are arranged in order of increasing
pattern.
ANSWER:
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE

13.  represented by chemical formula
Answer:
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

14. 1. naturally occurring- a product of Earth’s natural
processes
2. inorganic- it must be product of Earth’s physical
processes.
3. homogeneous solid- minerals should have definite volume
and rigid shape
4. definite chemical composition—represented by a
chemical formula
5. orderly crystalline structure- atoms of minerals are
arranged in an orderly and repeating pattern

15.  To identify minerals, mineralogists observe the
following properties:
 a. Color .
 b. Streak.
 c. Hardness
 d. Cleavage
 e. Crystalline structure or habit
 f. Diaphaneity/amount of transparency
 g. Luster
 h. Tenacity

16. A. Color - mineral’s
color may change
depending on the
surface.
Ex. Quartz

17. color of mineral in
powdered form.
Pyrite (FeS2)
- Exhibits the color of gold
but has a black or dark gray
streak.

18. Hardness - minerals
resistance to scratching

19.  mineral’s
resistance to
being broken
and fracture

20. - the external
shape of a crystal
or group of crystals
is displayed /
observed as this
crystals grow in
open space

21. - the external
shape of a crystal
or group of crystals
is displayed /
observed as this
crystals grow in
open space

22.  Ability to allow light
to pass through it.
This is affected by
chemical makeup of
the mineral sample.

23.  a. Metallic- generally opaque and
exhibit a resplendent shine similar
to a polished metal
 b. Non-metallic- vitreous (glassy),
adamantine (brilliant/diamond
like), resinous, silky, pearly, dull
(earthy), greasy, among others

24. Brittleness- a mineral turns into powder Malleability a
mineral can be flattened by pounding with a hammer.
Ductility- A mineral can be stretched into wire.
Flexible but inelastic-Minerals are bent but they remain
in the new position.
Flexible and elastic- Minerals are bent, and they bring
back to their original position.
Sectility- ability of minerals to be sliced by a knife.

30. Congratulations we are done
with Module 3

34. Controlled
variables
•These are kept
the same
throughout your
experiments
Independent
variable
•The one variable
you purposely
change and test
Dependent
variable
•The measure of
change observed
because of
independent
variable
•Decide how you
will measure the
change

35. Hypothesis

36. Materials (detailed list) Quantity (be specific)
Item Amount
Item Amount
Item Amount
Item Amount
Item Amount
Item Amount
Item Amount

37. Step 1
• Describe
this step
in your
experiment
Step 2
• Describe
this step
in your
experiment
Step 3
• Describe
this step
in your
experiment
Step 4
• Describe
this step
in your
experiment

38. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
Include Observation based on the
data from your experiments

39.  Brief summary of what you discovered based on results
 Indicate and explain whether or not the data supports your hypothesis

40.  Include print and electronic sources in alphabetical order