The document discusses the benefits of mind mapping for career development and learning. It explains that mind mapping uses visual representations and colors to integrate the brain's learning skills in a way that enhances creativity, memory, and clarity of thought. The mind mapping process involves starting with a central topic and branching out related ideas. It can be used to take more effective notes, structure meetings and presentations, and manage various aspects of life. Overall, mind mapping reflects the natural architecture of the brain to allow for rapid exploration of ideas while maintaining focus on a central issue.
Mind mapping is a visualization technique that involves arranging ideas around a central concept or theme using branches, lines, and images. It can be used to take notes, brainstorm, organize information, and plan assignments. The key steps in mind mapping are to place the central idea in the center and radiate related ideas outward in branches or spokes. Color, images, and symbols can be used to represent different types of information. Mind maps provide an overview of information and show relationships between ideas, helping with understanding and retention. They are useful for note-taking, essay planning, and problem-solving.
A retreat is a meeting designed and organized to facilitate the ability of a group to step back from day-to-day activities. Organizations will reap full benefits if they follow basic rules.
How to make your annual retreats successful by frahan blondeahdf
The document provides 10 tips for making an annual retreat successful. It recommends defining clear goals for the retreat, booking an extra-large room to allow for different interaction styles, sending a survey beforehand to prepare, varying interaction patterns between one-on-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many, designing a high-quality experience through venue and logistics, inviting outsiders to provide new perspectives, engaging both analytical and creative thinking, using a real-time storyboard to document ideas rather than a detailed agenda, capturing the event through photos, and limiting follow-up action plans to three key points.
Plan-Do: Defining and Achieving Your Life GoalsTom Christoffel
This document outlines exercises to help the reader uncover their life goals and develop a personal planning process. It begins with an introduction explaining the author's own experience lacking life goals and developing a plan using index cards. It then defines key planning terms and describes four exercises: 1) Writing down 5 important goals for the next 6 months, 2) Creating "I am" cards to identify strengths/roles, 3) Mind mapping one's life, and 4) Creating a comprehensive to-do list. The document aims to help the reader gain clarity around who they are and what they want to achieve to develop an effective personal plan.
Mind mapping is a technique for visually organizing information in a diagram format rather than written sentences. A mind map uses a central topic with branches radiating out in a tree structure to show relationships between main topics, subtopics, and floating topics. Mind maps are useful for brainstorming, improving visualization and critical thinking, decision making, research, outlining documents, storyboarding presentations, and increasing retention. To create a mind map, start with a central topic and radiate branches outward adding subtopics and relationships between ideas. Mind maps differ from concept maps in their focus on a single central topic and use of radial hierarchies rather than connected concepts.
Mind mapping is a diagramming technique for visually organizing information around a central concept. It uses a non-linear graphical layout that is meant to mimic the way the brain naturally thinks and recalls information. Some key aspects of mind mapping include having a central idea with branches radiating out to show sub-ideas and sub-topics, using images and colors to enhance recall, and allowing for organic growth of ideas without strict hierarchies or orders. The technique aims to take advantage of both left and right brain thinking to improve processing and retention of information.
Mind mapping is a visualization technique that involves arranging ideas around a central concept or theme using branches, lines, and images. It can be used to take notes, brainstorm, organize information, and plan assignments. The key steps in mind mapping are to place the central idea in the center and radiate related ideas outward in branches or spokes. Color, images, and symbols can be used to represent different types of information. Mind maps provide an overview of information and show relationships between ideas, helping with understanding and retention. They are useful for note-taking, essay planning, and problem-solving.
A retreat is a meeting designed and organized to facilitate the ability of a group to step back from day-to-day activities. Organizations will reap full benefits if they follow basic rules.
How to make your annual retreats successful by frahan blondeahdf
The document provides 10 tips for making an annual retreat successful. It recommends defining clear goals for the retreat, booking an extra-large room to allow for different interaction styles, sending a survey beforehand to prepare, varying interaction patterns between one-on-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many, designing a high-quality experience through venue and logistics, inviting outsiders to provide new perspectives, engaging both analytical and creative thinking, using a real-time storyboard to document ideas rather than a detailed agenda, capturing the event through photos, and limiting follow-up action plans to three key points.
Plan-Do: Defining and Achieving Your Life GoalsTom Christoffel
This document outlines exercises to help the reader uncover their life goals and develop a personal planning process. It begins with an introduction explaining the author's own experience lacking life goals and developing a plan using index cards. It then defines key planning terms and describes four exercises: 1) Writing down 5 important goals for the next 6 months, 2) Creating "I am" cards to identify strengths/roles, 3) Mind mapping one's life, and 4) Creating a comprehensive to-do list. The document aims to help the reader gain clarity around who they are and what they want to achieve to develop an effective personal plan.
Mind mapping is a technique for visually organizing information in a diagram format rather than written sentences. A mind map uses a central topic with branches radiating out in a tree structure to show relationships between main topics, subtopics, and floating topics. Mind maps are useful for brainstorming, improving visualization and critical thinking, decision making, research, outlining documents, storyboarding presentations, and increasing retention. To create a mind map, start with a central topic and radiate branches outward adding subtopics and relationships between ideas. Mind maps differ from concept maps in their focus on a single central topic and use of radial hierarchies rather than connected concepts.
Mind mapping is a diagramming technique for visually organizing information around a central concept. It uses a non-linear graphical layout that is meant to mimic the way the brain naturally thinks and recalls information. Some key aspects of mind mapping include having a central idea with branches radiating out to show sub-ideas and sub-topics, using images and colors to enhance recall, and allowing for organic growth of ideas without strict hierarchies or orders. The technique aims to take advantage of both left and right brain thinking to improve processing and retention of information.
The document discusses creative thinking techniques, specifically brainstorming and mind mapping. It provides definitions and descriptions of brainstorming, including common rules, types, steps, pros and cons. An example case study is given of how brainstorming was used to determine training needs. Mind mapping is also defined and examples of its uses, types and steps are outlined. The document concludes with a case study of how mind maps can be used to learn vocabulary for a second language more effectively.
Cognitive skills are the topic of this slide. In this slide, the author explained the meaning of cognitive skills, types of cognitive skills, types of skills, how to improve cognitive skills, how to use cognitive skills in schools, how to use these skills in the workplace, and how to include cognitive skills in our resume.
Oral presentations allow individuals to present their thoughts and views confidently to a live audience. They combine verbal and nonverbal communication to effectively convey information and convince the audience of a viewpoint. Proper planning, preparation, and practice are important for an effective oral presentation. This includes determining the objective, audience, venue, main points, and supporting information. Mind maps and concept maps are useful visual tools that can be used in planning an oral presentation. They help structure information and show relationships between topics to give the audience context. The introduction of an oral presentation is the most important part and should capture the audience's interest, provide context, pose the central question or issue, and offer a concise answer or argument.
Mmap 4 teaching and Learning @ CADEe UPMSidek Aziz
This document outlines an event on mind mapping for teaching and learning. It discusses the concept of mind mapping, its benefits for learning, and how to create mind maps. Mind maps are a graphical technique to organize information in a radial, hierarchical structure with a central concept. The event will teach participants how to draw simple mind maps using software and apply the technique to improve teaching and learning.
This document provides guidance on scientific writing and publishing research papers. It discusses:
1) The objectives of scientific writing are to clearly communicate new findings and conclusions so they can be published and add to the body of scientific knowledge. Clarity, reproducibility and addressing why, how and what was learned are essential.
2) Outlining is an important step for organizing a scientific paper. An outline should define the objectives, methods, results and conclusions to guide writing the paper.
3) The first draft focuses on getting ideas down without worrying about editing. Subsequent drafts refine the writing and ensure it clearly communicates the research question, approach, findings and implications for the field.
The document discusses the importance of planning when writing, especially for long assignments. It recommends breaking writing up into smaller stages using the process of process writing. This involves planning, drafting, revising, and editing. Specific planning techniques are outlined, including choosing a topic, gathering information, developing a thesis statement, and focusing on a limited topic. Thorough planning makes drafting easier and leads to a stronger final paper.
We need to know how to write any document and how to revise them very efficiently. Pre writing, writing and re-writing process has been describe in the ppt.
The document discusses mind mapping, a technique developed by Tony Buzan for organizing information in a visual, non-linear way. Mind maps begin with a central concept or idea and use branches of words, images, and colors to depict related thoughts and concepts. The process involves free association of ideas without judgment and keeping the mind moving to new connections. Benefits of mind mapping include improved learning, clearer thinking, creativity, problem solving, and recall as the technique mirrors the way the brain works and makes key points easy to review.
The document provides an overview of academic support resources and strategies for academic success at the Northeast Center of Empire State College. It discusses the mission and services of the Office of Academic Support, including learning coaches, workshops, tutoring resources and time management tools. Key strategies for students include understanding learning styles, applying learning to experiences, asking questions, being self-directed, and understanding requirements and goals.
The document provides information on strategies and approaches to enhance student learning. It discusses successful test taking strategies for objective and essay tests. It also discusses how teachers can help students manage resources to prepare for tests. The document then describes various study skills and strategies like understanding learning styles, time management, organizing assignments, effective note taking, reviewing material, and assessing progress. Specific tips are provided for visual and linguistic learners. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of developing good study habits through daily review rather than last minute cramming.
A mind map is a diagram used to visually organize information. A mind map is often created around a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank landscape page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added.
The document discusses different note taking and note making strategies for students, including preparing for lectures, taking notes from single sources, reviewing notes, assembling information from multiple sources, and constructing summaries. It notes that while note taking involves recording others' knowledge, note making is a more active process that helps with personal understanding as students learn about topics. Effective note taking and making requires several stages including preparation, recording information, review, and synthesis.
This document discusses mind mapping, including what it is, its benefits, and how to create one. A mind map is a visual representation of information with a central concept and hierarchical branches. It helps with note-taking, problem-solving, planning, and more. Mind mapping differs from brainstorming in that brainstorming is free-form idea generation while mind mapping organizes those ideas into relationships. The document provides guidelines for constructing a mind map and examples of completed maps.
LET Reviewer - General Education
- ENGLISH (Study and Thinking Skills, Writing in the Discipline, Speech and Oral Communication, Philippine Literature, Master Works of the World)
- MATHEMATICS (Fundamentals of Math, Plane Geometry, Elementary Algebra, Statistics and Probability)
- SCIENCE (Biological Science -General Biology; Physical Science- with Earth Science)
- SOCIAL SCIENCES (Philippine Government New Constitution with Human Rights; Philippine History; Basic Economics, Taxation, Agrarian Reform; Society, Culture with Family Planning; Rizal and Other Heroes; Philosophy of Man; Arts; General Psychology; Information and Communication Technology)
Mind mapping is a graphical technique for organizing information that mirrors the way the brain works. It helps make thinking visible. To create a mind map, place the central idea in the middle of the page and radiate other ideas outward using lines, colors, arrows and branches to show connections. Leave plenty of space to allow for adding details over time. Summarizing readings involves first skimming to get an overview, then reading the full text and creating a mind map from memory to identify gaps, and finally reviewing the source material and personalizing the mind map.
Note making- Professional communication- NIT notesverb3
1. The document discusses different note-taking and note-making strategies for academic study, including the differences between note-taking and note-making.
2. It provides tips for effective note-taking, such as focusing on main ideas, using abbreviations, and reviewing notes regularly.
3. Various note-taking systems are described, including the Cornell note-taking system, mapping, spidergrams, timelines, tables, and outlining.
This document provides a 6-step guide to writing an assignment: 1) Plan your assignment by checking requirements and deadlines, 2) Analyze the assignment question, 3) Draft an outline including an introduction, body, and conclusion sections, 4) Find relevant information from sources like the library and experts, 5) Write a first draft filling in the outline, and 6) Edit and proofread the draft to ensure it meets requirements and flows well. Key steps include understanding what is being asked, creating a structure to follow in writing the paper, incorporating research findings, and reviewing the work for quality before submission.
The document discusses 5 popular prewriting strategies:
1. Brainstorming, which involves writing down all ideas without judgment to generate information quickly.
2. Clustering, which allows mapping concepts visually by writing a central topic in the middle of a page and connecting related ideas in branches.
3. Freewriting, which removes constraints to allow writing without stopping to produce unexpected useful information.
4. Outlining, which organizes ideas and how they will flow into a written document using a hierarchical structure with numbers and bullets.
5. Remembering that outlining worked well for structuring elementary school papers can help adults figure out what to write too.
The document outlines a six-step research process: 1) Defining the task by clarifying what needs to be learned, 2) Locating relevant information sources, 3) Organizing the collected information, 4) Selecting the most important information, 5) Presenting the findings, and 6) Evaluating the overall process and results. Key aspects of each step are described, such as developing focus questions, using graphic organizers to arrange information, and referencing sources properly. The overall process emphasizes clarity of purpose, thorough information gathering, and self-reflection for continuous improvement.
Styles of Scientific Reasoning, Scientific Practices and Argument in Science ...Elsa von Licy
The document discusses various topics related to scientific reasoning, practices, and argumentation including different styles of scientific thinking, features of scientific knowledge, and teaching and learning science. It provides examples of "crazy ideas" in science that are now accepted, examines the role of argument in science, and outlines the scientific practices and central questions of science. It also discusses developing models, planning investigations, analyzing data, and constructing explanations as key scientific practices.
The document discusses creative thinking techniques, specifically brainstorming and mind mapping. It provides definitions and descriptions of brainstorming, including common rules, types, steps, pros and cons. An example case study is given of how brainstorming was used to determine training needs. Mind mapping is also defined and examples of its uses, types and steps are outlined. The document concludes with a case study of how mind maps can be used to learn vocabulary for a second language more effectively.
Cognitive skills are the topic of this slide. In this slide, the author explained the meaning of cognitive skills, types of cognitive skills, types of skills, how to improve cognitive skills, how to use cognitive skills in schools, how to use these skills in the workplace, and how to include cognitive skills in our resume.
Oral presentations allow individuals to present their thoughts and views confidently to a live audience. They combine verbal and nonverbal communication to effectively convey information and convince the audience of a viewpoint. Proper planning, preparation, and practice are important for an effective oral presentation. This includes determining the objective, audience, venue, main points, and supporting information. Mind maps and concept maps are useful visual tools that can be used in planning an oral presentation. They help structure information and show relationships between topics to give the audience context. The introduction of an oral presentation is the most important part and should capture the audience's interest, provide context, pose the central question or issue, and offer a concise answer or argument.
Mmap 4 teaching and Learning @ CADEe UPMSidek Aziz
This document outlines an event on mind mapping for teaching and learning. It discusses the concept of mind mapping, its benefits for learning, and how to create mind maps. Mind maps are a graphical technique to organize information in a radial, hierarchical structure with a central concept. The event will teach participants how to draw simple mind maps using software and apply the technique to improve teaching and learning.
This document provides guidance on scientific writing and publishing research papers. It discusses:
1) The objectives of scientific writing are to clearly communicate new findings and conclusions so they can be published and add to the body of scientific knowledge. Clarity, reproducibility and addressing why, how and what was learned are essential.
2) Outlining is an important step for organizing a scientific paper. An outline should define the objectives, methods, results and conclusions to guide writing the paper.
3) The first draft focuses on getting ideas down without worrying about editing. Subsequent drafts refine the writing and ensure it clearly communicates the research question, approach, findings and implications for the field.
The document discusses the importance of planning when writing, especially for long assignments. It recommends breaking writing up into smaller stages using the process of process writing. This involves planning, drafting, revising, and editing. Specific planning techniques are outlined, including choosing a topic, gathering information, developing a thesis statement, and focusing on a limited topic. Thorough planning makes drafting easier and leads to a stronger final paper.
We need to know how to write any document and how to revise them very efficiently. Pre writing, writing and re-writing process has been describe in the ppt.
The document discusses mind mapping, a technique developed by Tony Buzan for organizing information in a visual, non-linear way. Mind maps begin with a central concept or idea and use branches of words, images, and colors to depict related thoughts and concepts. The process involves free association of ideas without judgment and keeping the mind moving to new connections. Benefits of mind mapping include improved learning, clearer thinking, creativity, problem solving, and recall as the technique mirrors the way the brain works and makes key points easy to review.
The document provides an overview of academic support resources and strategies for academic success at the Northeast Center of Empire State College. It discusses the mission and services of the Office of Academic Support, including learning coaches, workshops, tutoring resources and time management tools. Key strategies for students include understanding learning styles, applying learning to experiences, asking questions, being self-directed, and understanding requirements and goals.
The document provides information on strategies and approaches to enhance student learning. It discusses successful test taking strategies for objective and essay tests. It also discusses how teachers can help students manage resources to prepare for tests. The document then describes various study skills and strategies like understanding learning styles, time management, organizing assignments, effective note taking, reviewing material, and assessing progress. Specific tips are provided for visual and linguistic learners. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of developing good study habits through daily review rather than last minute cramming.
A mind map is a diagram used to visually organize information. A mind map is often created around a single concept, drawn as an image in the center of a blank landscape page, to which associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts of words are added.
The document discusses different note taking and note making strategies for students, including preparing for lectures, taking notes from single sources, reviewing notes, assembling information from multiple sources, and constructing summaries. It notes that while note taking involves recording others' knowledge, note making is a more active process that helps with personal understanding as students learn about topics. Effective note taking and making requires several stages including preparation, recording information, review, and synthesis.
This document discusses mind mapping, including what it is, its benefits, and how to create one. A mind map is a visual representation of information with a central concept and hierarchical branches. It helps with note-taking, problem-solving, planning, and more. Mind mapping differs from brainstorming in that brainstorming is free-form idea generation while mind mapping organizes those ideas into relationships. The document provides guidelines for constructing a mind map and examples of completed maps.
LET Reviewer - General Education
- ENGLISH (Study and Thinking Skills, Writing in the Discipline, Speech and Oral Communication, Philippine Literature, Master Works of the World)
- MATHEMATICS (Fundamentals of Math, Plane Geometry, Elementary Algebra, Statistics and Probability)
- SCIENCE (Biological Science -General Biology; Physical Science- with Earth Science)
- SOCIAL SCIENCES (Philippine Government New Constitution with Human Rights; Philippine History; Basic Economics, Taxation, Agrarian Reform; Society, Culture with Family Planning; Rizal and Other Heroes; Philosophy of Man; Arts; General Psychology; Information and Communication Technology)
Mind mapping is a graphical technique for organizing information that mirrors the way the brain works. It helps make thinking visible. To create a mind map, place the central idea in the middle of the page and radiate other ideas outward using lines, colors, arrows and branches to show connections. Leave plenty of space to allow for adding details over time. Summarizing readings involves first skimming to get an overview, then reading the full text and creating a mind map from memory to identify gaps, and finally reviewing the source material and personalizing the mind map.
Note making- Professional communication- NIT notesverb3
1. The document discusses different note-taking and note-making strategies for academic study, including the differences between note-taking and note-making.
2. It provides tips for effective note-taking, such as focusing on main ideas, using abbreviations, and reviewing notes regularly.
3. Various note-taking systems are described, including the Cornell note-taking system, mapping, spidergrams, timelines, tables, and outlining.
This document provides a 6-step guide to writing an assignment: 1) Plan your assignment by checking requirements and deadlines, 2) Analyze the assignment question, 3) Draft an outline including an introduction, body, and conclusion sections, 4) Find relevant information from sources like the library and experts, 5) Write a first draft filling in the outline, and 6) Edit and proofread the draft to ensure it meets requirements and flows well. Key steps include understanding what is being asked, creating a structure to follow in writing the paper, incorporating research findings, and reviewing the work for quality before submission.
The document discusses 5 popular prewriting strategies:
1. Brainstorming, which involves writing down all ideas without judgment to generate information quickly.
2. Clustering, which allows mapping concepts visually by writing a central topic in the middle of a page and connecting related ideas in branches.
3. Freewriting, which removes constraints to allow writing without stopping to produce unexpected useful information.
4. Outlining, which organizes ideas and how they will flow into a written document using a hierarchical structure with numbers and bullets.
5. Remembering that outlining worked well for structuring elementary school papers can help adults figure out what to write too.
The document outlines a six-step research process: 1) Defining the task by clarifying what needs to be learned, 2) Locating relevant information sources, 3) Organizing the collected information, 4) Selecting the most important information, 5) Presenting the findings, and 6) Evaluating the overall process and results. Key aspects of each step are described, such as developing focus questions, using graphic organizers to arrange information, and referencing sources properly. The overall process emphasizes clarity of purpose, thorough information gathering, and self-reflection for continuous improvement.
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The document discusses various topics related to scientific reasoning, practices, and argumentation including different styles of scientific thinking, features of scientific knowledge, and teaching and learning science. It provides examples of "crazy ideas" in science that are now accepted, examines the role of argument in science, and outlines the scientific practices and central questions of science. It also discusses developing models, planning investigations, analyzing data, and constructing explanations as key scientific practices.
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1. Mind mapping your way to a better career
David Pollitt
News section Editor ± Career Development International, Bradford, UK
How to make a mind map
``I’ve a grand memory for forgetting,’’
nineteenth-century Scottish author
Robert Louis Stevenson once wrote. Now
such a claim is backed up by twenty-first
century scientific evidence.
Studies of memory indicate that the brain
will forget 80 per cent of detail within 24
hours of having learned it, and 99 per cent
within two weeks. One of the greatest
demotivators for an individual is to learn
appropriate information, then ``lose’’ almost
all of it within a fortnight. Imagine how your
career could develop if you could improve
your retention rate.
Vanda North, who speaks for Buzan
Centres Ltd, Poole, Dorset, UK, believes that
mental literacy, the skill of learning how to
learn and understanding the principles on
which our major thinking functions are
based, offers a way forward.
The brain’s range of cortical skills includes
word, imagination, number, rhythm, spatial
awareness, logic, analysis, linearity, Gestalt
(a system of thought that regards all mental
phenomena as being arranged in patterns or
structures perceived as a whole and not
merely as the sum of their parts) and
association. The more these are used in
combination, the more enhanced all
performance becomes.
The mind map is one way of integrating
many of the brain’s learning skills and
principles. By combining the full range of the
brain’s cortical skills, the mind map can
enhance creativity, memory and
co-operation, and make it easier for people to
envision goals, change habits, monitor
progress and improve learning. The mind
map can also facilitate clarity and quality of
thinking.
Making a mind map is a fairly
straightforward eight-part process:
1 Arm yourself with blank sheets of A3 or
A4 paper and lots of coloured felt-tip pens.
2 Relax, get into the right frame of mind for
new, creative thought, and suspend belief
in your inability to draw.
3 Select your keyword or image ± for
example, ``business trip’’ ± and write or
draw it in the centre of your page.
4 Branch off any ideas related to this central
theme, such as ``travel’’, ``preparation’’,
``food’’. Include thoughts that may seem
obscure or irrational ± they will give you a
fresh perspective on your subject.
5 Use one colour for each branch, with
sub-branches flowing off from the centre,
continuing until you have exhausted all
possible links.
6 Condense your thoughts to one word per
line, so you are free to make a greater
number of connections.
7 Use images instead of words whenever
possible, and draw boxes around, or
otherwise highlight, important
information. The more imaginative and
colourful the mind map, the more you will
remember what is on it.
8 When you have exhausted the subject, edit
and regroup your notes on a fresh sheet in
order to produce your final, master mind
map.
Vanda North believes that, by reflecting the
natural architecture of the brain, a mind map
is a way of planning and structuring thought
to allow a rapid but profound exploration of
ideas, while simultaneously maintaining
clear focus on a central issue. By
incorporating the use of shapes, colours and
dimensions as visual stimulants, the mind
mapping technique helps people to challenge
assumptions, break out of conventional
thinking and make the most of their mental
resources in a structured way.
The most obvious use of mind mapping is
in decision making, but it has a range of
other uses.
The Emerald Research Register for this journal is available at
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/researchregister
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/1362-0436.htm
[ 253 ]
Career Development
International
8/5 [2003] 253-256
MCB UP Limited
[ISSN 1362-0436]
Keywords
Learning styles, Psychology
Abstract
Explains the theory of mind
mapping, how to construct a mind
map and the situations in which it
may be useful. Highlights the
effectiveness of the technique in
getting to the heart of a matter.
Shows how it can be used to
improve note-taking and
presentations, and to make
meetings more effective.
Concludes by examining the
potential uses of mind mapping in
life-management.
# David Pollitt
2. Getting to the heart of the matter
One study has suggested that people who
cannot read at 400 words a minute in the
modern world are functionally illiterate.
Material comes at them faster than they can
process it. Most people read at about 200
words a minute, but can be trained to read at
1,000 words a minute.
Vanda North advises people to start to spot
keywords when they are listening to a lecture
or reading a book that they need to learn and
remember. The keywords are the ones that,
when repeated, bring back all the associated
items around them. In normal writing and
sentences, only 5 to 10 per cent of the words
are keywords. They tend to be the nouns and
strong verbs that convey solid images. If a
person really wants to remember something,
he or she should then review it with a mind
map.
Effective note-taking
Mind maps can help people to take more
effective notes. Vanda North outlines the
eight basic steps:
1 Very quickly browse or look through the
entire book or article, getting a general
feel for the way in which it is organized.
2 Work out the length of time to be spent
studying and determine the amount of
material to be covered in that time.
3 Mind map what you already know in that
subject area in order to establish
associative mental ``grappling hooks’’.
4 Define your aims and objectives for the
study session and complete a different
mind map of all the questions that need to
be answered.
5 Take an overview of the text, looking at
the table of contents, major headings,
results, conclusions, summaries, major
illustrations or graphs, and any other
important elements that catch your eye.
This process will give you the central
image and main branches of your new
mind map of the text. Many students
report that they have often completed 90
per cent of their learning task by the time
they finish the overview stage. By
focusing on the overall structure and
major elements of the text, the author’s
essential ordering impetus rapidly
becomes clear and can easily be mind
mapped.
6 Now move on to the preview, looking at all
the material not covered in the overview,
particularly the beginnings and ends of
paragraphs, sections and chapters, where
the essential information tends to be
concentrated. Add to your mind map.
7 The next stage is the inview, in which you
fill in the bulk of the learning puzzle, still
skipping over any major problem areas.
Having familiarized yourself with the rest
of the text, you should now find it much
easier to understand these passages and
bulk out the mind map.
8 Finally, there is the review stage, in
which you go back over the difficult areas
you skipped in the earlier stages and look
back over the text to answer any
remaining questions or fulfil any
remaining objectives. At this point you
should complete your mind map notes.
The process, says Vanda North, can be
likened to building a jigsaw puzzle,
beginning by looking at the complete picture
on the box, then putting in the corners and
outside edges, and gradually filling in the
middle until you have a complete replica.
Mind mapping meetings
With increasing business emphasis on
quality and teamwork, it seems that more
time than ever is being spent in meetings.
Too often, participants conclude that these
are ``time-wasting’’, ``boring’’, ``frustrating’’ or
``useless’’. Vanda North outlines how mind
maps can help to make meetings more
enjoyable and productive.
First, set up a large white board on which,
during the course of a week, all people who
will attend the meeting can contribute to a
mind map outlining the main issues for
discussion. Ask team members to send in
miniature mind maps with their own agenda
items. Aggregate these at the end of the week,
and make a copy for everyone. This becomes
the agenda.
Second, encourage the administrator
responsible for considering and handling all
the details to capture, track, complete and
evaluate the entire process through a generic
mind map.
During the meeting itself, the mind map
agenda can be shown on a white board, given
to each member or projected on screen from
an OHP or computer.
The group should decide how long each
topic will be discussed, and should set a
timer. If a person seems to wander off the
topic, ask which branch of the mind map
he/she is referring to. If none, note the topic
for another meeting. If a person says what he
or she has said before, ask if the keywords
cover it or whether more needs to be said. A
tick or initials can quickly indicate when
[ 254]
David Pollitt
Mind mapping your way to a
better career
Career Development
International
8/5 [2003] 253-256
3. someone wants to agree with something that
has already been said.
Mind maps have various uses when
creating the minutes, says Vanda North. One
person can officially mind map the minutes
on a white board so that everyone can see and
confirm their accuracy as the meeting
progresses. Mind maps can be collected and
shown on a projected computer screen. Each
person may take his/her own mind map
minutes.
Communicating the results of the meeting
can also be done in various ways. Some
groups may choose to place the white board
in a communal room for all to see and follow
the necessary actions, while others may
prefer to make hard copies of the mind map.
Mind maps can be used to complete the
relevant actions. Each major theme branch
(or even sub-level word) may be a general
focus for a person, team or department, who
may make it the centre of his or her own
mind map to add a greater level of detail. One
mind map can show the date by which each
activity is to be completed, and even the flow
or order of activities. The mind map acts as a
gentle reminder for everyone as to who needs
to do what, and by when. Greater satisfaction
arises as items are completed and ticked off.
Any problem areas can be rolled over for
agenda items for the next meeting.
People mind mapping meetings report
stronger team support and shared
responsibility. If one member is unable to
complete an action, and others are aware of
its implications, they are more likely, as a
group, to seek a solution.
In lengthy meetings, or meetings held over
months or years, it is important to keep the
main mission or goal in mind. A mind map
can help to keep everything in focus.
Making presentations
A further use of mind maps, says Vanda
North, is in helping people to make effective
presentations.
A speaker should capture all his/her initial
thoughts about what he/she is going to say
regardless of importance or order on a single
piece of paper. Then he/she should do
something different for a while, before
returning to add extra thoughts and to form
an initial mind map. Ideally, the person
should then sleep on the matter before doing
the first level of organizing and editing.
The mind map should be considered from
the point of view of: the audience’s needs,
interests and background knowledge; where
the presentation will take place; how long it
is likely to be; and where, in the schedule of
the whole proceedings, the presentation will
fall.
The speaker should then decide on the best
starting point and what will make an
emphatic end. An important statement can
be reiterated throughout the talk, and
surprise or keywords used to help the
audience remember the main points. The rest
of the sub-topics should then be ordered in a
logical fashion.
The mind map, clearly rewritten and
drawn, becomes the speaker’s guide through
his or her presentation. As a rough guide,
says Vanda North, one word or image on a
mind map equals about a minute of talking.
Mind maps can help to cut preparation
time, enable the structure of the talk to be
maintained while facilitating the flexibility
of words or time or emphasis, reduce the fear
of presenting, help the presenter to maintain
eye contact with the audience and provide an
increased feeling of confidence.
Life management
Vanda North explains how mind mapping
helps her to manage the various aspects of
her life. She divides her life into three main
geographic sections ± the UK, where she has
a flat and office, the USA, where she also has
a flat and office, and the rest of the world,
where she makes regular visits. She also has
three main attention areas herself (keeping
her life in line with her vision), her family
and friends and her work.
She begins each morning by mind mapping
all the things that have been popping into her
head during the previous night. She updates
this when she arrives at the office, taking
account of what as come into her mind on her
daily commute. She tries to achieve some
basic ordering of her ideas, but always has a
``miscellaneous’’ section for things that do not
easily fit elsewhere.
She then looks at her schedule for the day
and decides how much flexible time she will
have and how comfortable she feels with her
list of tasks for the day. She considers
whether there is anything she can ditch or
delegate, and is then left with what she has to
do.
She organizes the ``to do’’ items in three
ways: items that are part of making her
vision become a reality are given top
priority; items that fit into the flow of the day
and would cause least disruption get second
priority; and items that match the ``curve of
her energy’’ whether high or low in relation
to how much energy is needed by the things
she has to do get a priority three rating.
[ 255 ]
David Pollitt
Mind mapping your way to a
better career
Career Development
International
8/5 [2003] 253-256
4. She sets blocks of time to achieve her goals.
She then uses a timer to measure the blocks
of time. She clumps activities together by, for
example, doing all the telephone calls,
writing all the letters, dealing with all the e-
mail in one go. If possible, she concentrates
most into the time of day (or night) that is
best for her. She takes regular breaks to help
to keep her energy high. She also keeps back
small tasks such as tidying a drawer to carry
out during some of her breaks.
Vanda North also plans for interruptions ±
and if these do not occur, finds herself with a
pleasing unexpected oasis of time. She
questions the real urgency of matters that
other people raise during the course of the
day, and is not afraid to ask for help.
She guards against allowing the everyday
matters to fill her day, week, month, year and
life, and regularly reviews and updates her
goals, and measures progress towards them.
Vanda North’s clients include American
Express, BT, Exxon, Siemens Nixdorf and the
Wellcome Foundation.
(This article was written by David Pollitt,
Career Development International News-
section editor, from articles written by
Vanda North that originally appeared in
Training & Management Development
Methods.)
[ 256]
David Pollitt
Mind mapping your way to a
better career
Career Development
International
8/5 [2003] 253-256