This document summarizes a study that measured the water use of avocado flowers during flowering. The researchers found that avocado inflorescences can contribute up to 35% of the total surface area available for transpiration during flowering. Inflorescences were also found to contribute up to 15% of total tree water loss through transpiration during flowering. However, the study found that under normal conditions with adequate rainfall and soil moisture, the water used by flowers did not significantly impact soil moisture or plant water stress. Therefore, water use by flowers is unlikely to be a primary cause of alternate bearing in avocados if soil moisture is carefully managed.
The document summarizes the preparation and evaluation of spherical agglomerates of hydrochlorothiazide using the neutralization method. Various formulation and process parameters were optimized to obtain spherical agglomerates with improved flow and compression properties compared to the drug alone. The optimized formulation F6 containing PVP K30 showed significantly improved solubility and dissolution profile of the drug. In conclusion, the spherical agglomeration technique helped render the poorly compressible drug suitable for direct compression into tablets.
The document discusses building sustainable value chains. It emphasizes the importance of understanding consumers and being relevant to their needs and trends. Value chain design should be based on segmentation and differentiation, designing from the "outside in" based on heterogeneous consumer demands. Value chain management principles include adding more value at lower cost and faster while being sustainable. It involves a paradigm shift from an introspective to outward looking approach with strategic focus, suppliers having major design responsibility, and long-term cooperative partnerships.
The 2005-2009 Australian Avocados marketing strategy aimed to position avocados as a versatile and indispensable ally for time-poor families through a multi-channel campaign emphasizing their health benefits and many uses, and the 2010-2013 strategic plan shifted the focus to everyday applications and building confidence in regular avocado consumption.
Infocado collects data from various modules along the avocado supply chain, including packhouse dispatch, short and seasonal forecasts, wholesaler receivals and sales, and quality metrics. It also obtains retail price and scan data from other sources. This data is compiled into weekly reports on dispatch, forecasts, and wholesaler activity. Quarterly and individual reports are also prepared. Quality information is analyzed and reported showing factors like internal damage levels by type. The collected data provides supply chain visibility and is used to inform planning and decision making.
The document summarizes the agenda and purpose of the Infocado Summit 2010 conference in Melbourne. The summit focused on improving the avocado industry's crop data collection system to better manage supply and demand, reducing price fluctuations. Attendees would discuss how to make the Infocado system more effective and how consumer data could help boost avocado sales potential. The goal was to expand industry knowledge and contacts to strengthen supply chains for all members.
The document summarizes the global avocado industry in 2010. It provides data on production seasons, expected volumes, market distribution and growth projections for the major avocado producing countries. Total global avocado production was over 2 million metric tons for 2010-2011, with Mexico, Chile, Peru and South Africa being the largest producers. Most countries expected production to increase over the next few years through expanding hectares of avocado trees.
The document summarizes the preparation and evaluation of spherical agglomerates of hydrochlorothiazide using the neutralization method. Various formulation and process parameters were optimized to obtain spherical agglomerates with improved flow and compression properties compared to the drug alone. The optimized formulation F6 containing PVP K30 showed significantly improved solubility and dissolution profile of the drug. In conclusion, the spherical agglomeration technique helped render the poorly compressible drug suitable for direct compression into tablets.
The document discusses building sustainable value chains. It emphasizes the importance of understanding consumers and being relevant to their needs and trends. Value chain design should be based on segmentation and differentiation, designing from the "outside in" based on heterogeneous consumer demands. Value chain management principles include adding more value at lower cost and faster while being sustainable. It involves a paradigm shift from an introspective to outward looking approach with strategic focus, suppliers having major design responsibility, and long-term cooperative partnerships.
The 2005-2009 Australian Avocados marketing strategy aimed to position avocados as a versatile and indispensable ally for time-poor families through a multi-channel campaign emphasizing their health benefits and many uses, and the 2010-2013 strategic plan shifted the focus to everyday applications and building confidence in regular avocado consumption.
Infocado collects data from various modules along the avocado supply chain, including packhouse dispatch, short and seasonal forecasts, wholesaler receivals and sales, and quality metrics. It also obtains retail price and scan data from other sources. This data is compiled into weekly reports on dispatch, forecasts, and wholesaler activity. Quarterly and individual reports are also prepared. Quality information is analyzed and reported showing factors like internal damage levels by type. The collected data provides supply chain visibility and is used to inform planning and decision making.
The document summarizes the agenda and purpose of the Infocado Summit 2010 conference in Melbourne. The summit focused on improving the avocado industry's crop data collection system to better manage supply and demand, reducing price fluctuations. Attendees would discuss how to make the Infocado system more effective and how consumer data could help boost avocado sales potential. The goal was to expand industry knowledge and contacts to strengthen supply chains for all members.
The document summarizes the global avocado industry in 2010. It provides data on production seasons, expected volumes, market distribution and growth projections for the major avocado producing countries. Total global avocado production was over 2 million metric tons for 2010-2011, with Mexico, Chile, Peru and South Africa being the largest producers. Most countries expected production to increase over the next few years through expanding hectares of avocado trees.
This document discusses using market and shopper insights to drive business growth. It provides a case study on fresh produce sales in Australia, noting that Queensland is outperforming while New South Wales is declining. Pre-packed fruits and vegetables are growing faster than loose options. The document suggests ways insights could be used, such as adjusting supply to states, considering pre-packaging, and targeting families and young adults. A second case study examines apples sales in South Australia, which are lagging the overall market.
Martin Kneebone from Freshlogic presented on the fruit and vegetable market over the next 10 years. He discussed macro trends impacting the food market like changing demographics and advancing technologies. The presentation covered current market settings for fruit and vegetables including production, imports, exports, and retail sales. Key drivers shaping the market were identified as well as implications for different players in the supply chain. The presentation concluded by outlining possible developments over the next decade such as more processed foods, imports, control of producer inputs, ethical considerations, new distribution channels, and the impact of social media.
Turner Hass is a large-fruited sport of Hass avocado that produces 10% heavier crops than regular Hass. It has richer flavor than Hass but slightly trails in dry matter accumulation. The fruit is approximately 17% larger than Hass with higher flesh recovery. About 1% of Turner Hass fruit has natural chimera markings but is marketed as regular Hass. Two new rootstock varieties, SHSR-02 and SHSR-04, show potential for high production and disease resistance across different environments. SHSR-02 has good uniformity and resistance to Phytophthora root rot. SHSR-04 has significantly better health than other rootstocks and is easy to clone.
1) Concentrate sprays using 3x the volume of dilute sprays provided higher and more even pesticide deposits on avocado trees compared to conventional dilute sprays.
2) The addition of an organosilicone adjuvant like Du-Wett further improved deposition from concentrate sprays and spray distribution within trees.
3) Commercial orchard trials demonstrated that concentrate sprays using 3x the volume plus an adjuvant provided equivalent or better pest and disease control compared to conventional dilute sprays, and improved fruit quality and marketability.
This document discusses heat, light, and water stress in crops and how it can impact yield and quality. It notes that high temperatures can damage plants by impairing photosynthesis and increasing water loss. The document then introduces particle film technologies (PFTs), specifically the product Screen, which contains kaolin particles that reflect light and help keep plant canopies cooler, reducing heat stress. Some growers have reported decreased sunburn and increased premium fruit yields after applying Screen to their avocado blocks.
1) Consumer research on avocados in 2009 found that while price was now the top purchase trigger, quality and presentation remained important. Focus groups found consumers were more price conscious but still accepted some inconsistencies with avocados.
2) Avocado usage has increased, with over 60% of most adult age groups eating them. However, some wastage remains an issue. Avocados are used throughout the week especially at lunch and dinner.
3) Avocados are seen as both an occasional treat and an everyday food. Their creamy texture adds enjoyment to dishes as the "star" or "wow" element, especially in salads and sandwiches. Their roles spans from gourmet to everyday
This document summarizes a presentation on integrated pest management in avocados. It discusses monitoring orchards for pests and determining if they are causing problems. If they are problems, the options for control measures are outlined, including doing nothing and relying on natural controls, or using various chemical or biological controls. It emphasizes using a systematic process of monitoring, assessing problems, considering non-chemical options, deciding on and applying measures, and reassessing their effectiveness. The goal is to make informed decisions as part of an ongoing process of intelligent pest management.
The document outlines HAL's avocado strategy and implementation plan for 2009/2010. The key objectives were to expand consumer usage of avocados by demonstrating their versatility, and to give consumers confidence by showing how to incorporate avocados into meals via recipes and highlighting their health benefits. The strategy involved a "Add an Avo" communications message alongside food inspiration content on television, in magazines, and online to inspire consumers to add avocados to their meals. HAL planned television sponsorships, in-show integrations, online support, and magazine placements targeting mothers and those interested in food and health.
This document discusses avocado production in South Africa and the performance of different avocado rootstocks. It notes that the largest avocado producer in South Africa, Westfalia Technological Services, has been breeding and testing rootstocks for disease resistance and yield. Their rootstock called Dusa has dominated sales and plantings in South Africa and California due to its excellent performance and tolerance to Phytophthora root rot. Commercial evaluations on farms show higher yields from trees grafted to Dusa compared to other rootstocks like Duke 7. Westfalia will continue breeding programs to develop improved rootstocks.
The document outlines a marketing strategy for Australian avocados in the food service industry. It aims to 1) leverage avocados' strengths as healthy and tasty by positioning them as adding value to menus, 2) focus on promoting hot dishes for winter to drive usage, and 3) show chefs how avocados can lift perceptions and sales by adding flavor and excitement to dishes. The strategy then provides details on positioning avocados, developing the right menu strategies, targeting specific customer segments, and launching programs over three years to penetrate menus and measure success.
- The document discusses collecting retail price data for avocados from stores in major Australian cities on a weekly basis to provide transparency on prices paid by consumers.
- Consumer research was also conducted on the probability of purchase at different price points and how this varies by income.
- Historical catalogue special pricing data from major supermarkets in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne and Perth from 2009 is presented to show pricing trends over time.
- The collected price data will be reported weekly and linked with other industry data to provide a more complete picture of pricing and returns to growers.
Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) is the smallest plant pathogen and can cause significant yield loss in avocado crops. Three strains of ASBVd exist which are difficult to distinguish. ASBVd is transmitted through seed, grafting, pruning tools, and root grafting but not insects. The document describes developing a new diagnostic PCR assay with an internal control for more accurate detection of ASBVd. A survey of over 2100 avocado trees in Australia found only one symptomatic tree, indicating ASBVd is now very rare due to the successful Avocado Nursery Voluntary Accreditation Scheme but could still be eradicated.
Maluma was selected in the early 1990s in South Africa as a chance seedling of unknown parentage similar to Hass. It has been granted plant breeder's rights in South Africa and registration is pending in several other countries. Maluma bears fruit earlier than Hass, has a constant and high bearing pattern, and is highly productive even at high densities without growth retardants. It offers advantages over Hass such as disease resistance, attractive appearance, excellent taste, and suitability for early season markets.
This document summarizes a trial of avocado rootstocks in Queensland, Australia that aimed to identify superior rootstocks. It found that the Ashdot rootstock produced the highest yields for both Hass and Shepard varieties. For clonal rootstocks, BC62 consistently produced the highest yields over four seasons and was the most vigorous tree. The trial was supported by industry groups and conducted over multiple years on 11 hectares with monitoring of yields, quality, health and compatibility.
The document summarizes an Australian rootstock program for avocados. It discusses how rootstocks can provide benefits like disease resistance, dwarfing, and improved yield and fruit quality. The program evaluates rootstocks from three botanical races grafted to Hass and Shepard varieties on both seedling and cloned rootstocks. Trials at multiple sites in Australia assess effects on yield, production efficiency, disease resistance, and postharvest quality. Preliminary results found seedling rootstocks SHSR-02 and VelvickD and cloned varieties VelvickCP, Zutano, and Duke 7 performed well overall. However, site history and environment significantly influence results, and there is no evidence cloned rootstocks universally outyield seedlings.
The document outlines a supply chain process involving growers, packaging, palletization, delivery, and dispatch. Product from growers is packaged into trays and pallets. Pallets are then delivered and dispatched in batches to customers. Quality control and financial aspects like payments are also addressed at various stages of the process.
This document summarizes new advances in fruit packing technology. It describes some of the issues with current packing methods, including damage to fruit from rough handling, inefficient grading and labeling. It then introduces two novel concepts: 1) A fruit handling scheme that processes fruit one at a time slowly rather than ten per second, allowing for gentler treatment and better inspection. 2) An automated packing cell that uses robotics to pack fruit slowly into trays while maintaining high throughput. The key advantage is being able to pack fruit slowly in a gentle manner while still achieving the same packing efficiency through automation.
Researchers in New Zealand studied avocado flower morphology and fruit set. They found that hand pollination increased fruit set by 30 times compared to natural pollination. Removing flowers from the tips of inflorescences increased fruit set 5 times more than removing flowers from the base. While determinate and indeterminate trees showed no difference in fruit set, adding pollen was found to be limiting and increasing pollination can help boost avocado production.
Avocado trees follow a predictable annual growth cycle. The cycle begins with root growth in winter, followed by flower induction in spring, flowering in late spring to early summer, fruit set and growth over summer, and another round of root growth in fall. Understanding an orchard's growth cycle allows growers to time management activities like fertilizer, fungicide, and pruning applications optimally throughout the year to balance tree growth, flowering, and fruit production. The growth cycle also influences alternate bearing and internal starch levels in avocado trees.
Canopy management strategies like pruning, flower pruning, fruit thinning, cincturing, and plant growth regulators can help overcome alternate bearing in mango trees. Pruning aims to balance vegetative and reproductive growth to avoid heavy 'on' crops followed by light 'off' crops. Flower pruning and fruit thinning reduce flowering and fruiting in 'on' years. Cincturing and plant growth regulators increase flowering and yield. Proper timing of these techniques is important to influence the next year's crop. Field trials showed strategies like stumping and plant growth regulators reduced shoot growth and increased flowering and yield.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This document discusses using market and shopper insights to drive business growth. It provides a case study on fresh produce sales in Australia, noting that Queensland is outperforming while New South Wales is declining. Pre-packed fruits and vegetables are growing faster than loose options. The document suggests ways insights could be used, such as adjusting supply to states, considering pre-packaging, and targeting families and young adults. A second case study examines apples sales in South Australia, which are lagging the overall market.
Martin Kneebone from Freshlogic presented on the fruit and vegetable market over the next 10 years. He discussed macro trends impacting the food market like changing demographics and advancing technologies. The presentation covered current market settings for fruit and vegetables including production, imports, exports, and retail sales. Key drivers shaping the market were identified as well as implications for different players in the supply chain. The presentation concluded by outlining possible developments over the next decade such as more processed foods, imports, control of producer inputs, ethical considerations, new distribution channels, and the impact of social media.
Turner Hass is a large-fruited sport of Hass avocado that produces 10% heavier crops than regular Hass. It has richer flavor than Hass but slightly trails in dry matter accumulation. The fruit is approximately 17% larger than Hass with higher flesh recovery. About 1% of Turner Hass fruit has natural chimera markings but is marketed as regular Hass. Two new rootstock varieties, SHSR-02 and SHSR-04, show potential for high production and disease resistance across different environments. SHSR-02 has good uniformity and resistance to Phytophthora root rot. SHSR-04 has significantly better health than other rootstocks and is easy to clone.
1) Concentrate sprays using 3x the volume of dilute sprays provided higher and more even pesticide deposits on avocado trees compared to conventional dilute sprays.
2) The addition of an organosilicone adjuvant like Du-Wett further improved deposition from concentrate sprays and spray distribution within trees.
3) Commercial orchard trials demonstrated that concentrate sprays using 3x the volume plus an adjuvant provided equivalent or better pest and disease control compared to conventional dilute sprays, and improved fruit quality and marketability.
This document discusses heat, light, and water stress in crops and how it can impact yield and quality. It notes that high temperatures can damage plants by impairing photosynthesis and increasing water loss. The document then introduces particle film technologies (PFTs), specifically the product Screen, which contains kaolin particles that reflect light and help keep plant canopies cooler, reducing heat stress. Some growers have reported decreased sunburn and increased premium fruit yields after applying Screen to their avocado blocks.
1) Consumer research on avocados in 2009 found that while price was now the top purchase trigger, quality and presentation remained important. Focus groups found consumers were more price conscious but still accepted some inconsistencies with avocados.
2) Avocado usage has increased, with over 60% of most adult age groups eating them. However, some wastage remains an issue. Avocados are used throughout the week especially at lunch and dinner.
3) Avocados are seen as both an occasional treat and an everyday food. Their creamy texture adds enjoyment to dishes as the "star" or "wow" element, especially in salads and sandwiches. Their roles spans from gourmet to everyday
This document summarizes a presentation on integrated pest management in avocados. It discusses monitoring orchards for pests and determining if they are causing problems. If they are problems, the options for control measures are outlined, including doing nothing and relying on natural controls, or using various chemical or biological controls. It emphasizes using a systematic process of monitoring, assessing problems, considering non-chemical options, deciding on and applying measures, and reassessing their effectiveness. The goal is to make informed decisions as part of an ongoing process of intelligent pest management.
The document outlines HAL's avocado strategy and implementation plan for 2009/2010. The key objectives were to expand consumer usage of avocados by demonstrating their versatility, and to give consumers confidence by showing how to incorporate avocados into meals via recipes and highlighting their health benefits. The strategy involved a "Add an Avo" communications message alongside food inspiration content on television, in magazines, and online to inspire consumers to add avocados to their meals. HAL planned television sponsorships, in-show integrations, online support, and magazine placements targeting mothers and those interested in food and health.
This document discusses avocado production in South Africa and the performance of different avocado rootstocks. It notes that the largest avocado producer in South Africa, Westfalia Technological Services, has been breeding and testing rootstocks for disease resistance and yield. Their rootstock called Dusa has dominated sales and plantings in South Africa and California due to its excellent performance and tolerance to Phytophthora root rot. Commercial evaluations on farms show higher yields from trees grafted to Dusa compared to other rootstocks like Duke 7. Westfalia will continue breeding programs to develop improved rootstocks.
The document outlines a marketing strategy for Australian avocados in the food service industry. It aims to 1) leverage avocados' strengths as healthy and tasty by positioning them as adding value to menus, 2) focus on promoting hot dishes for winter to drive usage, and 3) show chefs how avocados can lift perceptions and sales by adding flavor and excitement to dishes. The strategy then provides details on positioning avocados, developing the right menu strategies, targeting specific customer segments, and launching programs over three years to penetrate menus and measure success.
- The document discusses collecting retail price data for avocados from stores in major Australian cities on a weekly basis to provide transparency on prices paid by consumers.
- Consumer research was also conducted on the probability of purchase at different price points and how this varies by income.
- Historical catalogue special pricing data from major supermarkets in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne and Perth from 2009 is presented to show pricing trends over time.
- The collected price data will be reported weekly and linked with other industry data to provide a more complete picture of pricing and returns to growers.
Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) is the smallest plant pathogen and can cause significant yield loss in avocado crops. Three strains of ASBVd exist which are difficult to distinguish. ASBVd is transmitted through seed, grafting, pruning tools, and root grafting but not insects. The document describes developing a new diagnostic PCR assay with an internal control for more accurate detection of ASBVd. A survey of over 2100 avocado trees in Australia found only one symptomatic tree, indicating ASBVd is now very rare due to the successful Avocado Nursery Voluntary Accreditation Scheme but could still be eradicated.
Maluma was selected in the early 1990s in South Africa as a chance seedling of unknown parentage similar to Hass. It has been granted plant breeder's rights in South Africa and registration is pending in several other countries. Maluma bears fruit earlier than Hass, has a constant and high bearing pattern, and is highly productive even at high densities without growth retardants. It offers advantages over Hass such as disease resistance, attractive appearance, excellent taste, and suitability for early season markets.
This document summarizes a trial of avocado rootstocks in Queensland, Australia that aimed to identify superior rootstocks. It found that the Ashdot rootstock produced the highest yields for both Hass and Shepard varieties. For clonal rootstocks, BC62 consistently produced the highest yields over four seasons and was the most vigorous tree. The trial was supported by industry groups and conducted over multiple years on 11 hectares with monitoring of yields, quality, health and compatibility.
The document summarizes an Australian rootstock program for avocados. It discusses how rootstocks can provide benefits like disease resistance, dwarfing, and improved yield and fruit quality. The program evaluates rootstocks from three botanical races grafted to Hass and Shepard varieties on both seedling and cloned rootstocks. Trials at multiple sites in Australia assess effects on yield, production efficiency, disease resistance, and postharvest quality. Preliminary results found seedling rootstocks SHSR-02 and VelvickD and cloned varieties VelvickCP, Zutano, and Duke 7 performed well overall. However, site history and environment significantly influence results, and there is no evidence cloned rootstocks universally outyield seedlings.
The document outlines a supply chain process involving growers, packaging, palletization, delivery, and dispatch. Product from growers is packaged into trays and pallets. Pallets are then delivered and dispatched in batches to customers. Quality control and financial aspects like payments are also addressed at various stages of the process.
This document summarizes new advances in fruit packing technology. It describes some of the issues with current packing methods, including damage to fruit from rough handling, inefficient grading and labeling. It then introduces two novel concepts: 1) A fruit handling scheme that processes fruit one at a time slowly rather than ten per second, allowing for gentler treatment and better inspection. 2) An automated packing cell that uses robotics to pack fruit slowly into trays while maintaining high throughput. The key advantage is being able to pack fruit slowly in a gentle manner while still achieving the same packing efficiency through automation.
Researchers in New Zealand studied avocado flower morphology and fruit set. They found that hand pollination increased fruit set by 30 times compared to natural pollination. Removing flowers from the tips of inflorescences increased fruit set 5 times more than removing flowers from the base. While determinate and indeterminate trees showed no difference in fruit set, adding pollen was found to be limiting and increasing pollination can help boost avocado production.
Avocado trees follow a predictable annual growth cycle. The cycle begins with root growth in winter, followed by flower induction in spring, flowering in late spring to early summer, fruit set and growth over summer, and another round of root growth in fall. Understanding an orchard's growth cycle allows growers to time management activities like fertilizer, fungicide, and pruning applications optimally throughout the year to balance tree growth, flowering, and fruit production. The growth cycle also influences alternate bearing and internal starch levels in avocado trees.
Canopy management strategies like pruning, flower pruning, fruit thinning, cincturing, and plant growth regulators can help overcome alternate bearing in mango trees. Pruning aims to balance vegetative and reproductive growth to avoid heavy 'on' crops followed by light 'off' crops. Flower pruning and fruit thinning reduce flowering and fruiting in 'on' years. Cincturing and plant growth regulators increase flowering and yield. Proper timing of these techniques is important to influence the next year's crop. Field trials showed strategies like stumping and plant growth regulators reduced shoot growth and increased flowering and yield.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
2. Water stress during flowering?
• What are the causes of alternate bearing?
• Does water stress contribute to poor fruit set?
• “Flowers use 80% of the water”
• Pollen tube growth is sensitive to water potential
2
3. Previous studies
Whiley et al. (1988)
• Inflorescences increase canopy surface area of ‘Fuerte’ by 90%
• Estimated that flowers add 13% to tree transpiration
Blanke and Lovatt (1993)
• Compared the surface morphology and transpiration of leaves
and flowers
• No estimates of total water use
Our hypothesis:
• Inflorescences add significantly to tree transpiration, leading to
soil moisture deficits and plant water stress
3
4. Methods
• Hass Avocado in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand
• Flower and leaf removal from whole trees and branches
• Measured - inflorescence and leaf area
- inflorescence and leaf stomatal conductance
- tree and branch transpiration using sap flow
- soil moisture, water potentials, photosynthesis
• Compared transpiration estimated from surface area and
conductance with transpiration measured using sap flow
4
5. Measuring inflorescence surface
area
• Fluidized bed of ‘Ballotini beads’
• Dip in glue – weigh – dip in beads – reweigh
• Area = change in weight added by coating of glass beads
5
6. Inflorescence surface area correlated
with fresh weight
35
Inflorescence surface area (cm2)
30
25
20
15
10
5
y = 18.84x
R² = 0.94
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Inflorescence fresh weight (g)
6
7. Inflorescence area as a proportion of total
surface area
0.6
0.5
Inflorescence area / Total area
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Total One-sided
inflorescence area inflorescence area
7
8. Measuring stomatal conductance
• Stomatal conductance was measured using a gas exchange
system
• Response to humidity was measured as an indicator of the
level of stomatal control over transpiration
8
9. Stomatal response to humidity
0.35
Stomatal conductance (molm-2s-1)
0.3 leaves
0.25
0.2
0.15
inflorescences
0.1
0.05
0
0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5
Vapour Pressure Deficit (kPa)
High humidity Low humidity
Low temperature High temperature
9
10. Transpiration response to humidity
5
4.5
Transpiration (molm-2s-1)
4
leaves
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5 inflorescences
1
0.5
0
0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5
Vapour Pressure Deficit (kPa)
High humidity Low humidity
Low temperature High temperature
10
11. Measuring transpiration in the field
Heat pulse sap flow probes
Paired branches, deflowering and deleafing
11
12. Transpiration (L hour-1) Transpiration from sap flow
10 Tree 2 deflowered tree 1
tree 2
8
6 Tree 1 deleafed
4
2
0
300 305 310 315 320
Day of the year
12
13. Transpiration (L hour-1)
10 Tree 2 deflowered tree 1
tree 2
8
6 Tree 1 deleafed
4
2
0
300 305 310 315 320
2
Ratio (Tree 1 / Tree 2)
Day of the year
1.5 De-flowering = 8% reduction in transpiration
1
0.5 De-leafing = 78% reduction in transpiration
0
300 305 310 315 320
Day of the year 13
14. Comparison – Area vs Transpiration
Infl. Transp. / Total Transp.
0.2
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
y = 0.53x
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Infloresecence area / Total area
14
15. Soil moisture and plant water
potentials
• Experiment conducted under mild conditions with adequate
rainfall
• No significant decline in soil water content over flowering
• Plant water potentials and stomatal conductance were
unaffected by flower removal, even with heavy flowering
15
16. Conclusions
• Inflorescences contribute up to 35% of the total transpirational
surface area during flowering
• Inflorescence surface conductance is half or less that of
leaves
• Inflorescences contribute up to 15% of the total transpirational
water loss during flowering
• The flowers do not use 80% of the water, but soil moisture
and irrigation management still matter
• Soil moisture deficits and tree water stress are unlikely to
contribute to alternate bearing if carefully managed
• Flower water relations may still be a factor in fruit set
16
17. Acknowledgements
NZ Avocado Industry Council
Jonathan Dixon
NZ Foundation for Research, Science and Technology
Mike Clearwater
m.clearwater@waikato.ac.nz
17