Seal It Green, Wood Protection To The Corealates09
Seal It Green Xtreme proucts are unique in that our oils offers up to 55,65 and 75 SPF with 17 colours to choose from. They provide a broad spectrum fungicide immediately stopping mould and fungus growth all while preventing insects including termites, carpenter ants and wood borers. They will keep the wood stable by migrating to the core ensuring less checking, cracking, splitting,upping and warping. Plus extremely easy application results every time.
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Seal It Green Xtreme proucts are unique in that our oils offers up to 55,65 and 75 SPF with 17 colours to choose from. They provide a broad spectrum fungicide immediately stopping mould and fungus growth all while preventing insects including termites, carpenter ants and wood borers. They will keep the wood stable by migrating to the core ensuring less checking, cracking, splitting,upping and warping. Plus extremely easy application results every time.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Avocados as spray targets
• Irregular tree sizes and spacing
• Canopy per hectare highly variable
• Many options for driving patterns
• Difficulty in communicating application rates
- both those required and those used
• Need to understand variability in order to
optimise spray application efficacy and efficiency
• Three year MAF Sustainable Farming Fund project
- to determine the most effective technology for
pesticide application based on reduced water
rates using superspreader adjuvants
3. 1. Grower survey & Deposit benchmarking
• Three distinct tree sizes on NZ orchards
• Usually treat with single sided sprayers, dilute to runoff
• ‘Nominal’ spray volumes 1000-3000 L/ha
12 m
• Limited concentrate spraying, by air
• 4 commercial sprayers x 3 tree sizes
• Constant rate of copper per 100 L
• Measured deposits 7m
4m
4. Understanding variability
Application rates and deposits
Copper deposits on fruit in different sized trees
Tree size
Large >10m Medium 5-7m Small <4m
Volume Deposit Volume Deposit Volume Deposit
L/ha µg/g L/ha µg/g L/ha µg/g
5000 2.2 2700 2.0 2100 2.7
Highest volumes consistently provided lowest deposits!!
5. Understanding variability
Fruit deposit variation within trees
5 lower
mid
4
upper
canopy
3
2
1
0
Large trees Medium trees Small trees
• In med-large trees, upper canopy deposits only 40% of lower canopy
• Inner canopy deposits typically only 50% of outer exposed canopy
6. Understanding variability
2. Variation in surface wettability of targets
mature leaves young leaves fruit flowers
upper lower upper lower old young
Sept
Nov
Jan
March
July
Colour code for very
easy moderate difficult
surface wettability difficult
7. Spray adjuvants
• High surface tension = poor
droplet adhesion/retention and
poor surface coverage
• Adjuvants that lower surface
tension = improved retention of
spray droplets and good coverage
of plant surfaces: e.g.
organosilicone superspreaders
8. Leaf undersides very difficult to wet
3000 L/ha 1000 L/ha +Du-Wett® 250 ml
Organosilicone blend superspreader (Du-Wett®) improves
spray coverage, makes water go further
Not for use in high volume sprays as get loss via excessive runoff
For avocados, 3- 5X concentrate sprays were likely the best
9. Pesticide formulations affect Du-Wett
Du-
spreading on avocado upper leaf surface
Du-Wett 0% 0.05% 0.10%
Spread area (mm2)
80
STD
60
40
20
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Treatment
Ability of adjuvants to superspread affected by in-can pesticide formulation
DOSE RATE CHARTS prescribe Du-Wett adjuvant use for all agchems
approved for use on NZ avocados
10. 3. Comparison of dilute vs concentrate
sprays ± adjuvants: average leaf deposits
2.5
Medium sized trees Large sized trees
2
1.5
µg/cm2
1
0.5
0
e
e
0
0
0
t
t
t
an
15
25
17
lu
lu
di
di
v
W
W
W
ju
+D
+D
+D
ad
3X
3x
3x
no
3x
11. Deposits on inner as a proportion of
outer canopy zones
100
Medium sized trees Large sized trees
80
60
%
40
20
0
dilute 3X+DW150 3x+DW250 dilute 3x no 3x+DW170
adjuvant
12. Deposits on upper canopy as a proportion
of mid canopy deposits
120
Medium sized trees Large sized trees
100
80
60
%
40
20
0
dilute 3X+DW150 3x+DW250 dilute 3x no 3x+DW170
adjuvant
13. Orchard field trials summary
• Deposits from concentrate sprays
significantly higher than dilute
• 3X concentration of sprays provided highest
and most even deposits in all tree sizes
• Addition of Du-Wett adjuvant improved
deposits from concentrate sprays and spray
distribution on trees
14. 4. Commercial orchard trials
• Comparison of 3x concentrate + DW
sprays versus growers’ conventional
dilute programmes;
– all sprayers calibrated,
– concentrate volumes prescribed,
– adjuvant use rate prescriptions
provided for all sprays
• Different sized trees, paired blocks, 2
orchards, at least 1 full year, no aerial
sprays
• Pest & disease monitoring – orchard
& packhouse
• Residue analyses at harvest
15. Commercial orchard trials
Northland: AvoGreen monitoring of large trees (>18 years)
Data is mean of all monitor periods
Spray LR LR Mite SSM on Thrips
programme Larvae Larvae eggs on % on %
on on % leaves fruit
% fruit % leaves
leaves
Control dilute 0 5 23 21 0
3x Concentrate 0 4 19 19 0
+ adjuvant
16. Commercial orchard trials
BOP: AvoGreen monitoring of large trees (>15 years)
Data is mean of all monitor periods
Spray LR LR Mite SSM on Thrips
programme Larvae Larvae eggs on % on %
on on % leaves fruit
% fruit % leaves
leaves
Control dilute 0.5 1.5 0.4 1.3 0.25
3x Concentrate 0.1 0.25 0 0.6 0.25
+ adjuvant
17. Commercial orchard trials
Packhouse Packout Reports
Orchard programme Sample % in Grade analysis
size (kg)
Export Local Reject/oil
Northland Large trees
Control dilute 2412 81 17 2
Concentrate+adjuvant 2130 75 23 2
BOP Large trees
Control 3080 70 27 2.8
Concentrate+adjuvant 2290 87 12 1.6
BOP Small trees
Control 833 72 27 0.8
Concentrate+adjuvant 830 91 9 0.9
18. Commercial orchard trials
Residue analyses
Orchard programme Residues (mg/kg)
chlorpyrifos-ethyl pirimiphos-methyl
Sept Oct Jan Sept Oct Jan
Northland Large trees
Control dilute 0 - - 0.026 - -
Concentrate+adjuvant 0.016 - - 0.042 - -
BOP Large trees
Control - 0.24 - - 0.014 -
Concentrate+adjuvant - 0.30 0.19 - 0.040 0.014
BOP Small trees
Control - - 0 - - 0
Concentrate+adjuvant - - 0.034 - - 0
Chlorpyrifos: MRL = 0.5 ppm Pirimiphos: MRL = 0.1 ppm
19. Tailoring Pesticide Application to Avocado
Canopies
Best Practice technology for applying
concentrate sprays has been developed
Requires identification of appropriate
volumes (dilute & concentrate) to
treat avocado canopies
Requires calibration of sprayers to
accurately deliver 3x concentrate Dilute 2200 L/ha
sprays
Requires use of specialist super-
spreader adjuvants and Du-Wett® Dose
Rate Tables for all products applied
Will save growers time & money, and
improve fruit quality & returns
3x conc 730 L/ha
20. AVOCADO
Spray Volume Quick Reference Guide
TABLES for dilute and 3x concentrate sprays
1. Find spray volume required per 100 m of row for your tree
height & canopy density
2. Find sprayer output volume (L/min) per 100 m of row at
your travel speed (re-nozzle sprayer for concentrate
sprays)
3. Find spray volumes/ha at your row spacing, using output
volume (L/100 m travelled)
4. Make up your tank mix of agrichemical products and count
total kg or litres of products/ha; for CONCENTRATE sprays
use adjuvant at rates/ha stated on Du-Wett® chart
21. Acknowledgements
Funded by MAF Sustainable Farming Fund
&
Avocado Growers Association
with major contributions from
Elliott Technologies Ltd
All growers & contractors who helped
with their equipment, trees & time
