1) The document discusses illegal migration, defining it as the movement of people across national borders in violation of immigration laws. It describes the different types of illegal migrants and discusses the roles of human smuggling and trafficking.
2) Migrants and refugees are described as coming from unstable countries affected by violence, political unrest, poverty, and human rights abuses. They seek to reach more stable countries in Europe, North America, and Southeast Asia.
3) The main routes taken by migrants and refugees are described, such as crossing the Mediterranean to reach Italy or passing through the Balkan region to enter Greece from the east. Major points of entry into regions like Europe and Southeast Asia are outlined.
Corruption is one of the primary facilitators of refugee smuggling. In order to fight this crime, and help refugees safely realise their rights, the international community must understand the intricate connections between corruption and refugee smuggling.
OECD's response to the refugee crisis http://www.oecd.org/migration-insights/
OECD work to fight corruption http://www.oecd.org/corruption/
Promoting un convention to protect rights of migrantsM S Siddiqui
Bangladesh and other countries should promote ICMW in ME countries to protect the rights of immigrants. It can sign mutual agreement with host countries to protect human rights of migrants and also more vigilance through Embassies in ME and other agencies to protect the citizens working in other countries.
Corruption is one of the primary facilitators of refugee smuggling. In order to fight this crime, and help refugees safely realise their rights, the international community must understand the intricate connections between corruption and refugee smuggling.
OECD's response to the refugee crisis http://www.oecd.org/migration-insights/
OECD work to fight corruption http://www.oecd.org/corruption/
Promoting un convention to protect rights of migrantsM S Siddiqui
Bangladesh and other countries should promote ICMW in ME countries to protect the rights of immigrants. It can sign mutual agreement with host countries to protect human rights of migrants and also more vigilance through Embassies in ME and other agencies to protect the citizens working in other countries.
The Syrian refugee situation, has become one of the biggest humanitarian crisis’ in the last decade. An estimated 9 million Syrians have fled their homes since the outbreak of civil war in March 2011. We see it on tv. We read about it in the news…but do we understand who and what a refugee is?
15 recommendations wer given including:
1. Protecting the right to request and be granted asylum.
2. Adapt national legislation to international standards
3. Adapt internal migration norms, policies, procedures and protocols to international norms and standards
4. Ending fast-track deportations and automatic returns
5. Adopt necessary measures in order to safeguard the right to counsel of migrant persons, asylum-seekers, and refugees
6. Ending lengthy migration detentions and taking any measures necessary to implement alternatives to deprivation of liberty
7. Ensuring conditions of detention that meet international standards for deprivation of liberty
8. Closing the processing centers supervised by the CBP.
9. Ending the practice of detaining children and adolescents in detention centers.
10. Prioritizing the child’s best interest in all administrative and judicial decisions that concern a child or adolescent and their family.
11. Prioritize the principle of family unity, and forego with the Zero
Tolerance policy and the policies and practices that criminalize migrants and their families in any circumstances
12. Continue with the implementation of actions aimed at reunifying families that have been separated
13. Taking any measures to protect defenders of the rights of migrant persons, asylum-seekers, and refugees, as well as the right of these defenders to do their job and to effectively access justice. Immediately ending threats and acts of harassment against these defenders.
14. Creating national and transnational mechanisms that enable an effective, timely identification of missing or dead migrant persons, and to make it possible to investigate those cases, punish anyone responsible for them, and provide the applicable reparations.
15. Ratifying the American Convention on Human Rights, the
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the International
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Refugees around the world constitute millions of people. Migrant and refugee communities need helping hand from your community to prevent and resolve conflicts, and to help achieve security and peace.
This slide is about the violence against refugee women and development of law over the period of time in relation to the refugee women. It also talks about the protection of refugees in India through the International Obligations, Constitutional provisions and the case laws.
Whether it’s the rich western world of Europe and America where millions of refugees have landed in hope of asylum, or the South-East Asian countries like Malaysia, and Bangladesh, where thousands of Rohingya Muslims have entered from Buddhist Myanmar, the world is witnessing a refugee crisis far intense than ever before.
Although India has decided to deport nearly 40,000 Rohingyas, who illegally entered India from Myanmar and Bangladesh borders, but on the other hand, India is home to nearly 3 lakh refugees from 30 odd countries.
Apart from refugees from neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Pakistan and Bangladesh, India also houses refugees from rich western countries like the US, UK, France, Germany and Australia.
According to the latest available data which was presented by Minister Of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju in March 2016, a total of 2,89,394 refugees living in India (as on 31/12/2014) from 28 different countries which also included stateless people. This the number of refugees living in India legally and doesn’t include the numbers of Rohingyas and Bangladeshi migrants living illegally in India.
This PPT shows the situation of Refugees in India
Immigrants usually leave their native countries for a variety of reasons, including a desire for economic prosperity, political issues, family re-unification, escaping conflict or natural disaster, or simply the wish to change one's surroundings
Bifurcating The System
Will splitting the Supreme Court as suggested by
Venkaiah Naidu (left) help steady the disposal
of cases? An analysis by Prof. Upendra Baxi
Migrations may also be caused by climate disasters or slower but lethal environmental issues. Read to learn more. A study into the causes of modern slavery and human trafficking.
Human Trafficking Project - 1st Likeyo Kalyvia (Athens, Greece) and Liceo Classico-Linguistico "F. Petrarca" (Trieste, Italy)
The Syrian refugee situation, has become one of the biggest humanitarian crisis’ in the last decade. An estimated 9 million Syrians have fled their homes since the outbreak of civil war in March 2011. We see it on tv. We read about it in the news…but do we understand who and what a refugee is?
15 recommendations wer given including:
1. Protecting the right to request and be granted asylum.
2. Adapt national legislation to international standards
3. Adapt internal migration norms, policies, procedures and protocols to international norms and standards
4. Ending fast-track deportations and automatic returns
5. Adopt necessary measures in order to safeguard the right to counsel of migrant persons, asylum-seekers, and refugees
6. Ending lengthy migration detentions and taking any measures necessary to implement alternatives to deprivation of liberty
7. Ensuring conditions of detention that meet international standards for deprivation of liberty
8. Closing the processing centers supervised by the CBP.
9. Ending the practice of detaining children and adolescents in detention centers.
10. Prioritizing the child’s best interest in all administrative and judicial decisions that concern a child or adolescent and their family.
11. Prioritize the principle of family unity, and forego with the Zero
Tolerance policy and the policies and practices that criminalize migrants and their families in any circumstances
12. Continue with the implementation of actions aimed at reunifying families that have been separated
13. Taking any measures to protect defenders of the rights of migrant persons, asylum-seekers, and refugees, as well as the right of these defenders to do their job and to effectively access justice. Immediately ending threats and acts of harassment against these defenders.
14. Creating national and transnational mechanisms that enable an effective, timely identification of missing or dead migrant persons, and to make it possible to investigate those cases, punish anyone responsible for them, and provide the applicable reparations.
15. Ratifying the American Convention on Human Rights, the
Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the International
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Refugees around the world constitute millions of people. Migrant and refugee communities need helping hand from your community to prevent and resolve conflicts, and to help achieve security and peace.
This slide is about the violence against refugee women and development of law over the period of time in relation to the refugee women. It also talks about the protection of refugees in India through the International Obligations, Constitutional provisions and the case laws.
Whether it’s the rich western world of Europe and America where millions of refugees have landed in hope of asylum, or the South-East Asian countries like Malaysia, and Bangladesh, where thousands of Rohingya Muslims have entered from Buddhist Myanmar, the world is witnessing a refugee crisis far intense than ever before.
Although India has decided to deport nearly 40,000 Rohingyas, who illegally entered India from Myanmar and Bangladesh borders, but on the other hand, India is home to nearly 3 lakh refugees from 30 odd countries.
Apart from refugees from neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Pakistan and Bangladesh, India also houses refugees from rich western countries like the US, UK, France, Germany and Australia.
According to the latest available data which was presented by Minister Of State for Home Affairs Kiren Rijiju in March 2016, a total of 2,89,394 refugees living in India (as on 31/12/2014) from 28 different countries which also included stateless people. This the number of refugees living in India legally and doesn’t include the numbers of Rohingyas and Bangladeshi migrants living illegally in India.
This PPT shows the situation of Refugees in India
Immigrants usually leave their native countries for a variety of reasons, including a desire for economic prosperity, political issues, family re-unification, escaping conflict or natural disaster, or simply the wish to change one's surroundings
Bifurcating The System
Will splitting the Supreme Court as suggested by
Venkaiah Naidu (left) help steady the disposal
of cases? An analysis by Prof. Upendra Baxi
Migrations may also be caused by climate disasters or slower but lethal environmental issues. Read to learn more. A study into the causes of modern slavery and human trafficking.
Human Trafficking Project - 1st Likeyo Kalyvia (Athens, Greece) and Liceo Classico-Linguistico "F. Petrarca" (Trieste, Italy)
Environmental issues are any such issues created due to human activities and cause harm to the environment. Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment.
They relate to the anthropogenic effects on the natural environment, which are loosely divided into causes, effects and mitigation, noting that effects are interconnected and can cause new effects.
The growth leads to the depletion of natural resources of the planet. One of them is wood. We use unnecessary paper! Too much mess! Beware of CO2 imbalance... The immediate solution to stop destroying forests: dematerialization of exchanges with legal convincing value. Zero paper! The electronic originals are sealed and encrypted in a nominative and communicating electronic safe. The identification of counterparts is made via Magicaxess, a new high tech of identification WITHOUT having to download a digital certificate!
This presentation was made with grade 8 (2nd form) students in mind. It may assist older students to some extent, but was specifically designed for lower school students.
The International Conference on Migration in Africa (ICMA) hosted by the Scalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa (SIHMA) and the Institute for Social Development at UWC, on 3 December 2014 brought together local, African and international scholars, academics, researchers, practitioners, professionals, policy makers and NGO representatives and funding bodies to discuss issues relating to human mobility in Africa. The topics included south-south migration, the nexus between migration and development, irregular migration and reintegration of returnee migrants.
The presentation was created by the Bulgarian school SU Ekzarh Antim I, Kazanlak, Bulgaria for the Erasmus+ project Journey for Peace and was shown at LTTA in Wolfen, Germany February 2018
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
Migrants, refugees, routes
1. !
Promises, hopes, dreams. Every year hundreds of people make every effort to fulfill them, to grab,
even if for a little time, the hand that will rescue them from extreme poverty, from hunger and from
violence which overflow in their native countries. They do this for themselves, but above all to
guarantee a better future for their children and grandchildren. A far future that unfortunately is not
reached by everybody or which turns out to be even worse. But do you know what is exactly
“illegal migration”, who are “migrants” and “refugees”, and which routes do they follow? If you
aren’t able to reply to these questions, here you will found the answers.!
!
!
!
SUMMARY:!
!
!
1) What is “illegal migration”?
Which are the main types?!
!
2) Who are the involved
people? Where do they come
from?!
!
3) What are the main the
routes?!
Which are the main points of
entry into Europe, America
and South-East Asia?!
!
4) What are the EU actions
and the future plans?!
!
5) Data!
!
!
!
MIGRANTS, REFUGEES AND ROUTES!
!
An answer to all of your questions about this topic!
!
2. 1) Illegal migration!
!
Illegal migration is a phenomenon that refers to the migration of people who pass across national
borders in a way that violates the laws. !
Stricter government laws are imposed on immigration, and people win the right to live and work in
a country that is not their own only after laborious paperwork and documentation. Each country
has its set rules regarding allowing new immigrants within their borders.!
!
There are several types of illegal migrants: !
!
!
!- Unauthorized entrants are people who enter
a country without documents, following a sea
route, an air route or crossing the land borders;!
- Fraudulent entrants are people who enter a
country with false documents;!
-Violators of the duration of the visa are
people who enter a state properly, but overstay
their visa.!
- Violators of the terms and conditions of
the visa are people who enter a country with
proper documents and procedures, but at
some point they violate the term of their visa.
The most frequent violation is the acceptance
of employment.!
!
!
!
Furthermore, it is also important to mention the role represented by the trafficking and the
smuggling of human beings. These two terms are not synonyms:!
!
!
Human smuggling is the attempted transportation or illegal entry of people across an international
border. The person who is being smuggled is generally cooperating and he/she is considered as
an accomplice in the crime. !
In general, the smugglers do not distinguish between refugees and migrants either and smuggle
anyone who can pay. !
Smuggling has been growing in Europe since 1990s, because of the Balkans wars, and later
because of conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq.!
!
!
Human trafficking is the trade of persons with the
purpose of selling them as sexual slaves or forcing
them to hard work. The victims are often under 18
years of age, and it is almost impossible to escape
for them because their documents are
confiscated. They are enslaved, also subjected to
limited movement or isolation, or brainwashed
through practices like juju, a specific branch of
voodoo.!
!
!
3. !
2) The involved people and their origins!
!
!
There are several types of illegal migrant status. The United Nation defines it, and distinguishes
the illegal entrants between migrants and refugees. !
Refugees and migrants are fundamentally different, and for that reason they are treated very
differently under modern international law. However refugees and migrants are increasingly being
confused, and increasingly being treated in the same way.!
!
!
Migrants are people who choose to move in order to improve the future prospects of themselves
and their families. They always have the choice to move back.!
Migrants may be forced from their homes by floods, earthquakes and other natural disasters.!
Their government is sympathetic towards them, giving them rights.!
!
Refugees have to move if they are to save their lives or preserve their freedom. Refugees are
forced to relocate because of the fear of war, religion, political opinion, or beliefs. In most cases, it
is not possible for them to go back.!
They have no protection from their own state - indeed it is usually their own state that is
threatening to persecute them. If they return to their homeland they may be condemned to death,
or an intolerable life without rights.!
!
!
!
Generally both migrants and
refugee come from an unstable
community, countries marked by
extreme violence, drought, foreign
intervention, political unrest and
corruption. There may also be
abductions, forced marriages,
exploitation and extreme poverty,
w h i c h m a k e p e o p l e v e r y
vulnerable, in particular women,
who are at the bottom of society,
with few resources to care for
themselves and their families. So,
they often accept risky job offers,
maybe far ones, or are very often
trapped into the sex industry.!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
4. !
3) Routes and points of entry!
!
Traffickers use a large number of ways to illegally introduce the victims in the countries where they
will “work”. These are the most important ones.!
!
!
!
- Europe: Most of the movements are from
east to west and sizable gateways into
Western Europe are the Strait of Gibraltar
and the Adriatic Sea, where migrants are
trafficked from Albania to Italy. By land,
migrants from Eastern Europe and Asia pass
through the Balkan route and reach Greece.!
Another significant stream of migrants
moves from north Africa to Italy. Many arrive
in Britain from north France and since the
breakup of the Soviet Union, women from
Russia, Estonia, and Latvia have been
trafficked to Finland, where prostitution is
legal.!
!
!
- The Americas: The United States draw a big number of migrants from Europe but many
trafficking victims from other parts of the world arrive in Central or South America to enter the U.S.
via Mexico. South America migrants are trafficked to work in the Japanese sex industry. !
!
- Southeast Asia: Most of the women smuggled in this region are sent to work in the commercial
sex trade, particularly in Japan.!
Much of the human trafficking in Southeast Asia centers around Thailand, where the sex trade
accounts for between 2 to 14 percent of GDP. There is an increase in the number of illegal
immigrants from South Asia and the Middle East who are arriving on the western shores of
Australia, particularly on Christmas Island, close to Indonesia. There are also minor routes from
Asia that run through countries like Kazakstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and
Turkmenistan to Russia and Western Europe.!
!
!
On their arrival, the refugees find camps
that are set up to provide aid till they can
return to their country. In the event that
they cannot, resettlement options are
provided in a third country. A total of 17
Countries like Australia, Canada,
Denmark, Chile and others have refugee
quotas and provide resettlement options
in their countries to individuals from
refugee camps. Migrants have to explore
their own settlement options in the new
country.!
!
!
5. 4) Illegal migration and the EU!
!
!
!
In the last few years the EU has acted to improve plans to fight trafficking and the
business of illegal migration. Here are some of the plans: !
! -Adoption, in 2002, of a legal framework on
smuggling (“facilitators package”)!
-Operational measures to disrupt and dismantle
organized criminal groups involved in the
facilitation of irregular immigration (also
important to know the modus operandi and the
collocations of the routes)!
-Comprehensive approach to counter migrant
smuggling —> prevention and cooperation with
countries of origin and transit and dismantling of
the criminal networks!
-Better assistance for victims!
-Creation of an EU Anti-Trafficking Coordinator
who provides strategic policy orientation and
improves coordination and consistency among
actions by EU institutions, EU agencies, EU
States, non-EU countries and international
players addressing trafficking in human beings!
- Launch of an EU anti-trafficking website!
- Sanctions for employers who employ irregular migrants —> protection measures in favor of
workers, especially those exploited by unscrupulous employers.!
- Improving external border controls, also by using information technology (like the Visa
Information System) and biometric features (e.g. fingerprints) for identification.!
!
There are also plans for the future:!
!
!
- Strengthening the mandate of FRONTEX —>
so it can act more effectively at the external
border.!
- Establishing an evaluation mechanism to
verify the correct application of the Schengen
acquits.!
- Intensifying coordination between border
surveillance authorities and considering the
feasibility of creating a European system of
border guards.!
- Establishing rules for the surveillance of the
external sea borders in the context of
operational cooperation coordinated by
FRONTEX.!
- Considering the establishment of a European
entry-exit system and considering a
registered traveller program allowing non-EU
nationals to use an automated Border control
system!
!
6. !
The EU is also working on a humane and effective return policy, where cooperation
with non-EU countries is absolutely essential. There have been readmission
agreements with several countries: !
!
Russia, Morocco, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, the Chinese Special Administrative
Regions of Hong Kong and Macao, Algeria, Turkey, Albania, China, Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, the Republic of
Moldova, Georgia, Cape Verde, Tunisia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Belarus.!
!
Agreements with the two Chinese Special Administrative Regions, Sri Lanka, Russia, Ukraine, the
Western Balkan countries, the Republic of Moldova, Georgia Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cape
Verde and Pakistan have entered into force.!
!
!
!
5) Data!
!
!
The irregular immigration into the EU is difficult to quantify, but we have some indicators:!
!
- In 2013, the number of irregularly staying non-EU nationals apprehended in the EU was about
429 000 (-1% compared to 2012, and -30% compared to 2008).!
!
- In 2014, 276 113 migrants entered the EU irregularly (+138% compared to 2013).
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
8. Point 4, EU flag: "European flag in Karlskrona 2011" por MPD01605 - http://
www.flickr.com/photos/mpd01605/6755068753/in/photostream/. Licensed under CC BY-SA
2.0, via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:European_flag_in_Karlskrona_2011.jpg#/media/
File:European_flag_in_Karlskrona_2011.jpg!
!
Point 4, Boat arrived to Lampedusa : "Lampedusa noborder 2007-2" by Sara
Prestianni / noborder network - http://www.flickr.com/photos/noborder/2495544558/.!
Licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Lampedusa_noborder_2007-2.jpg#/media/File:Lampedusa_noborder_2007-2.jpg!
!
!
Point 5, Suitcase and map: “ Globe-Map-Suitcase-Travel-1800x2880” by Wilerson S
Andrade. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 https://www.flickr.com/photos/will_spark/
8603567984/!