The document discusses several key aspects of the refugee crisis: 1) It defines who refugees and internally displaced persons are, noting the UNHCR definition of refugees and how IDPs differ in that they have not crossed international borders. 2) It examines the economic, social, and cultural impacts of refugees on both host and origin countries, including effects on labor markets, crime rates, resources, and civil conflict. 3) It explores the psychological stages refugees go through, from fleeing violence and witnessing trauma, to dangerous travel, and challenges integrating into new communities with lack of stability, education issues, and parental stress.

1. THE Refugee Crisis

2. Who is a refugee?
“Someone who is unable or
unwilling to return to their country
of origin owing to a well-founded
fear of being persecuted for
reasons of race, religion,
nationality, membership of a
particular social group, or political
opinion.”
- UNHCR

3. Internally Displaced Persons
● Internally displaced persons cannot be categorized as 'refugees' since they
have not crossed into international waters and are under protection of their
own national government
● They may be fleeing persecution or human rights violations from one region
of the country and seeking refuge in another region of the same country.

4. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF REFUGEES
HOST COUNTRY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
Contribute to the effectiveness of the
labour market
Lack of labour force
Fills demographic gaps (if applicable,
for example - the vatican city)
Causes demographic gaps
Contribute to the GDP Negative economic growth
Can cause economic overcrowding
(due to finite resources)
Surplus of resources (not producing
at maximum capacities)

5. SOCIAL IMPACT OF REFUGEES
HOST COUNTRY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
Civil conflict caused due to an increased
supply of labour
Decreased supply of labour (resulting
in civil conflict)
Civil conflict due to conflicting beliefs Civil conflict due to conflicting beliefs
Increase in crime rates Aging population (reduction in labour
force)
Physical overcrowding Insecurity in the population

6. Cultural
Perspective

7. Age
● Children who have experienced refugee status are more sensitive to the
psychological and emotional damage it causes.
● The Russian invasion has forced more than half of Ukraine's 7.5 million
youngsters to leave their homes.
● 2 million of the 4.8 million displaced children are looking for asylum abroad.
● Families are split up as women and children cross the border by themselves into
nearby countries like Romania and Poland. According to data from May/June 2022,
100,000 orphans died among the youngsters.

8. STAGES OF
TRAUMATIC
EXPERIENCE

9. 1) Flee their homes due to exposure to war or warfare and as a result, they
witnessed brutality, torture, and the deaths of loved ones.
● Children of refugees may not remember a time of stability, their schooling, if
any, is likely to have been disrupted, and they frequently deal with parental
sadness and general insecurity.
2) Travelling to a country of refuge can also be a stressful time. It may take many
months and subject refugees to more perilous situations.
● Children who are refugees at this time may be accidentally or purposefully
separated from their parents in order to protect the children [done by
employing smugglers]

10. 3) The last stage of seeking refuge in another nation can be a time of additional
struggle for many as they attempt to adapt into a new community while also
having to establish their claims to sanctuary. It is becoming more common to
refer to this time as a "secondary trauma" era to emphasize the issues
encountered.
● A refugee youngster will need to adjust to a new school and establish friends
once they arrive.

11. SEX TRAFFICKING [gender]
● The act or practice of smuggling individuals from one nation or region to another
for the purpose of sexual exploitation.
● Many people who are escaping conflict, violence, or persecution are forced to use
smugglers' services. In these conditions, refugees are especially susceptible to
becoming victims of human trafficking, major crimes, and abuses of their human
rights.
● To pay off their debts to the smugglers, victims may be forced to engage in
prostitution or face physical and sexual torture.

12. SEX TRAFFICKING [gender]
● The prevalence of human trafficking of Ukrainian refugees has been confirmed by
a World Vision poll conducted in Romania, a nation that has so far taken in more
than 80,000 refugees. 97% of those polled said they had heard of cases of human
trafficking, and more than half said women were the most vulnerable.
● Similar to sexual assault, there can be long-term or short-term effects, such as
physical and mental stress, psychological issues, and poor outcomes for chronic
health.

13. CURRENT AFFAIRS IN UKRAINE [NATIONALITY]
● More than 8 million individual refugees from Ukraine recorded across Europe
since 23 February, 2023
● More than 6.9 million people estimated to be internally displaced in Ukraine
● Even before recent events, Ukraine had been impacted by years of conflict and
uncertainty.
● At the end of 2021, almost 3 million people in Ukraine needed humanitarian
support, including more than 850,000 people displaced by conflict.

14. The Situation of India
● India lacks a national refugee protection framework and is not a signatory to
the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol of the UNHCR.
● It continues to give asylum to numerous refugees from surrounding
countries and upholds UNHCR's mandate for other nations, primarily from
Afghanistan and Myanmar.

15. The Situation of the USA
● The United States Refugee Admissions Program, or USRAP, is run by the
State Department. More than three million migrants have been welcomed
into the nation since it was founded in 1980.
● President Trump lowered the annual refugee cap to a record low of 15,000 in
2021 because he viewed the program as a security threat.
● President Biden has pledged to restart the refugee program as the world's
humanitarian crises grow, but doing so will not be simple.

16. IMPACT ON
INDIVIDUALS

17. ● Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety with sleep disorders, and
depression.
● The prevalence of these disorders is difficult to estimate. However, most studies
have found significantly raised levels of disturbance compared to control
populations.
● For example, studies of newly arrived refugee children show rates of anxiety from
49% to 69%, with occurrences dramatically increasing if at least one parent had
been abused or their families had been separated.

18. illness
● According to a survey of recently arrived immigrant youngsters in New York, 30% of
them had illnesses that needed additional medical care.
● The most frequent complications were anemia, parasite infections, and dental
caries. Moreover, 43% of patients tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen,
and 20% had latent tuberculosis bacterial infection. 15% of immigrant toddlers had
iron deficiency anemia, according to a Swedish research, and 10% had elevated
blood lead levels..

19. UNHCR - Primary Goals
● United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
● UNHCR's primary responsibilities include providing international protection,
humanitarian aid, and seeking long-term solutions for those it deems to be a
concern, including refugees, asylum seekers, people who resemble refugees,
internally displaced people, stateless people, and returnees.
● The safety of returning refugees from danger, access to fair and effective
asylum procedures, and steps to ensure that their fundamental human rights
are upheld while they find a longer-term solution are just a few of the
numerous facets of protecting refugees.

20. A majority of the responses
were between the ages of
41-49 and predictably they
are aware of the refugee
related crisis.

21. When it comes to more
specific impacts and
implications, the
percentage of unaware
people increases.
The percentage of people
who “have enough
information to have a
credible opinion” remains
the same, confirming that
these testimonies come
from people who have
researched and are well
aware of the extensive
implications.

22. Lesser people are unsure and
more believe that financial
resources should go into the
welfare of refugees. There is
ambiguity, however, as to how
the percentage of people not
favouring the entrance have
reduced and they’re now either
unsure or wish to invest financial
resources.
This could be considered an
anomaly and a possible
reason for this is the
connotation of the word
“welfare” which may guilt
some respondents to
support the investment of
financial resources

23. Considering most of the respondents
lie in the age range of 41-49, which is
relatively a working age including
seniors and experienced workers, a
majority saying yes implies there is
some credibility and attachment
towards this decision.

24. Majority of the people remain
ignorant towards the response
of countries even though 53.7%
claim to be aware of the
refugee related crisis and
46.3% are aware of the
economical impact which
implies that while aware of the
implications, they remain
unaware of the actions.

25. A majority believe that one must
remain a certain amount of
years to truly be established as a
citizen. This time allows the
resident-to-be to understand the
cultures, rules and way of living
of current inhabitants. Also
allowing others who are not
familiar with their background to
feel safer and comfortable
around them.
According to the USCIS
(United States citizenship
and immigrant services), “
Refugees and asylees may
apply for naturalization 5
years after the date of their
admission to lawful
permanent residence.”

26. According to the UNWomen, “Women and girls
represent 65 percent of all trafficking victims
globally. More than 90 percent of detected
female victims are trafficked for the purpose of
sexual exploitation.”

27. There is ambiguity because
the same percentage of
people “never” would feel a
sense of nationalism and
would “instinctively” feel it.

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