Microbial Biofilm
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The document discusses biofilms, which are structured communities of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymeric matrix. Biofilms can form in various environmental settings like water pipes, dental units, and contact lenses. They are also associated with diseases like dental plaque, cystic fibrosis, and prosthetic joint infections. The document contains figures illustrating biofilms in sewage treatment and water systems and the stages of biofilm formation. It also discusses properties of the biofilm lifestyle and features of ideal drugs to inhibit biofilm formation. Quorum sensing and cAMP-CRP regulation of biofilm formation in bacteria are mentioned.
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Clinical implications of bacterial biofilms
Biofilm formation has been implicated in persistent tissue infections such as chronic wound infection, chronic otitis media, chronic osteomyelitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, recurrent urinary tract infection, endocarditic and cystic fibrosis-associated lung infection.They are equally resistant to various antimicrobial treatments compared to their planktonic form
URBAS ASHIQ presentation on bacterial biofilms
AASALAMU ALIKUM dea friends...
i am urbas ashiq...(MSC Microbiology)
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Microbial biofilms formation
There are many studies about bacterial and fungal biofilm which they were considered a very big problem now days ,because of that it was one of the most virulence factors which in turns increased resistant for antibiotics
Bacterial biofilms are complex surface attached communities of bacteria held together by self-produced polymer matrixs mainly composed of polysaccharides, secreted proteins, and extracellular DNAs
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bacterial biofilm formation relies on the interaction between the bacterial cells, the substrates and the surrounding media . And the formation of bacterial biofilms is a multi-step process starting with reversible attachment to surfaces aided by intermolecular forces and hydrophobicity, and then progress to extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production which enable the cells to permanently adhere to a surface.
there are five main phases involved in the biofilm formation process:
reversible attachment
irreversible attachment
EPS production
maturation of biofilm
dispersal/detachment
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Biofilms form when microorganisms like bacteria attach to a surface and produce an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) that enables them to stick together. As more layers of microorganisms and EPS build up, they create a complex 3D structure. In wastewater treatment, microorganisms in biofilms absorb and break down organic matter, producing new cells, carbon dioxide, and water. This process removes organic compounds from wastewater as the microcolonies settle as sludge.
Biofilm
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irreversible attachment
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maturation of biofilm
dispersal/detachment
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Bacterial biofilms are complex surface attached communities of bacteria held together by self-produced polymer matrixs mainly composed of polysaccharides, secreted proteins, and extracellular DNAs
A biofilm can consist of a single microbial species or a combination of different species of bacteria, protozoa, archaea, algae, filamentous fungi, and yeast that strongly attach to each other and to biotic or abiotic surfaces
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reversible attachment
irreversible attachment
EPS production
maturation of biofilm
dispersal/detachment
There are various methods to detect biofilm production like :
The microtiter plate (also called 96-well plate) assay
Tissue Culture Plate (TCP).
Tube method (TM).
Congo Red Agar method (CRA).
bioluminescent assay.
piezoelectric sensors.
fluorescent microscopic examination.
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Biofilms are common in the natural world.
Biofilms are a collective of one or more types of microorganisms that can grow on many different surfaces.
The vast majority of the earth’s microorganisms (99 %) live in biofilms.
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The biofilm matrix is an important part of the biofilm containing the microbial cells, exopolysaccharides, and water.
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EPS contains extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides which form slime.
Microbial cells in the biofilm are different from the planktonic cells that are single cells and can float on a liquid medium.
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Assist. Lect. Aysar Ashour Khalaf
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A biofilm can consist of a single microbial species or a combination of different species of bacteria, protozoa, archaea, algae, filamentous fungi, and yeast that strongly attach to each other and to biotic or abiotic surfaces
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there are five main phases involved in the biofilm formation process:
reversible attachment
irreversible attachment
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maturation of biofilm
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There are various methods to detect biofilm production like :
The microtiter plate (also called 96-well plate) assay
Tissue Culture Plate (TCP).
Tube method (TM).
Congo Red Agar method (CRA).
bioluminescent assay.
piezoelectric sensors.
fluorescent microscopic examination.
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Biofilms
Biofilms are highly structured communities of bacteria that attach to surfaces and secrete an extracellular matrix. Within biofilms, bacteria communicate chemically through quorum sensing and are much more resistant to antibiotics than individual bacteria. This makes biofilms a major cause of persistent infections associated with medical implants and devices. Researchers are working to develop new treatments that target biofilm formation and quorum sensing, with some looking at natural compounds that inhibit these processes. Proper testing models are still needed, as bacteria in biofilms may differ significantly from individual bacteria and assumptions that they are similar could lead to problems.
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- Dental biofilms provide benefits to microorganisms like increased habitat range and stress tolerance.
- They form through the adsorption of a conditioning film, followed by reversible and then permanent bacterial attachment and colonization.
- As biofilms mature, they develop complex architecture, metabolic gradients, cell signaling pathways, and interspecies interactions between diverse microbes.
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Aquatic Biofilm : Biotechnology
Biofilms are common in the natural world.
Biofilms are a collective of one or more types of microorganisms that can grow on many different surfaces.
The vast majority of the earth’s microorganisms (99 %) live in biofilms.
Microorganisms that form biofilms include bacteria, fungi, algae and some enteric viruses.
The biofilm matrix is an important part of the biofilm containing the microbial cells, exopolysaccharides, and water.
Usually, the microbial cells in a biofilm are embedded in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) Produced by themselves which is also called Slime.
EPS contains extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides which form slime.
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The document discusses biofilms, which are complex aggregations of microorganisms that grow on surfaces in aquatic environments. Biofilms form when bacteria adhere to a surface and excrete a glue-like substance. They are found in places like rocks, water environments, living tissues, and industrial settings. Biofilms pose challenges for human health and industry because they are resistant to antibiotics and cause fouling. However, biofilms can also be beneficial in applications like water treatment. The document outlines the structure, formation process, impacts and threats of biofilms as well as some preventive measures and references on the topic.
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Microbiology Discussion 1 While Gram staining and visualization .docx
Microbiology Discussion 1
While Gram staining and visualization under a light microscope can be powerful tools to guide a clinical microbiologist in the identification of bacteria, this process rarely, if ever, is sufficient for making a definitive diagnosis of a disease caused by bacteria. On the other hand, electron microscopy is useful for not only assisting virologists in identifying disease-causing viral agents, but may perhaps provide definitive identification of these agents. Hazelton and Gelderblom (2003)1 have made the argument that electron microscopy should be the diagnostic tool of choice in many viral outbreaks because of the rapidity and fidelity of the result.
Do you agree with the statement above or not or not and why? Explain in detail and use the evidence to support your thought.
Discuss the importance of comparing multiple images of the same virus, perhaps from different patients believed to be infected with the same agent.
1Hazelton PR, Gelderblom HR. Electron microscopy for rapid diagnosis of emerging infectious agents.Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 2003 Mar [date cited]. Available from: URL: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no3/02-0327.htm
Reply back to classmates: Response has to be a paragraph.
1. Yes, i do agree with Hazelton and gelderblom that the electron microscopy should be the diagnostic tool of choice. I agree with this because after reading some articles i have found that the electron microscopy is fast and realiable. When you are trying to identify a disease or viral outbreak, you are going to need something that will give you fast results that you can trust. I also think when using the electron microscopy that you should use another tool to back your findings.
2. I agree with the statement, electron microscopy has two advantages over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and nucleic acid amplification tests. After a simple and fast negative stain preparation, the undirected, “open view” of electron microscopy allows rapid morphologic identification and differential diagnosis of different agents contained in the specimen. Details for efficient sample collection, preparation, and particle enrichment are given. Applications of diagnostic electron microscopy in clinically or epidemiologically critical situations as well as in bioterrorist events are discussed. Electron microscopy can be applied to many body samples and can also hasten routine cell culture diagnosis. To exploit the potential of diagnostic electron microscopy fully, it should be quality controlled, applied as a frontline method, and be coordinated and run in parallel with other diagnostic techniques. This just show that Gram staining is the first step identify a bacteria, when electron microscopy will make a more result to understand where and how the bacteria was produce. I feel that electron microscopy is just a more advance way to diagnosis the reasoning on how a bacteria was caused.
3. I agree with the statement above that the electron micros ...
What are biofilms formation
Bacterial biofilms can form on surfaces in food processing facilities and equipment. They are difficult to remove through normal cleaning and can harbor pathogens. Biofilms develop through initial attachment and maturation of bacteria on a surface. They pose economic and health risks to the food industry through contamination and increased corrosion/friction. Multiple intervention methods may be needed to effectively prevent and remove biofilms, including improved facility design, robust cleaning procedures, and use of physical/chemical agents. Ongoing research optimizes control and management of biofilms in food processing environments.
Biofilms- Dr. Richa Maurya
- Bacteria frequently form biofilms, which are groups of microorganisms that attach to surfaces and produce an extracellular matrix. Over 99% of bacteria exist in biofilms.
- Biofilms provide bacteria protection from environmental threats like antibiotics. The extracellular matrix restricts antibiotic penetration and biofilms can be up to 1000 times more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic bacteria.
- Biofilm formation involves an initial attachment phase, followed by growth of colonies on the surface and eventual detachment of planktonic cells to form new biofilms elsewhere.
28463-102463-1-PB
All clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi tested were capable of biofilm formation in vitro. The optimized conditions for maximum biofilm formation were adherence test medium incubated at 37°C and 150 rpm for 48 hours. Of the Salmonella Typhi isolates tested, 61% were very strong biofilm producers, 29% were strong producers, and 11% were moderate producers. For Salmonella Paratyphi isolates, 69% were very strong producers, 23% were strong producers, and 8% were moderate producers. The ability of these clinical isolates to form biofilms is concerning from a public health perspective as it could facilitate transmission to new hosts and cause disease.
New 3d printed biofilm models for studying multispecies bacterial communities
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3) When testing new antimicrobial therapies, researchers should use more than one biofilm model to validate results given the pitfalls of individual models.
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A Review on Antibacterial Phytochemical Constitutions Present in Aerva lanata...
A Review on Antibacterial Phytochemical Constitutions Present in Aerva lanata...BRNSS Publication Hub
Antibacterial phytochemicals have unexplored chemical structures with high therapeutic potential, additionally; phytochemicals have several advantages, including green status, different mechanisms of action from antibiotics which could help to overcome the chemotherapeutic agent resistance problem and also ability to inhibit the growth of planktonic cell and biofilm. These phytochemicals are unmatched structural diversity, and it also has no target specific. In this study, an overview of the main classes of antibacterial phytochemicals present in Aerva lanata and their mode of action against bacterial biofilm is presented. A revision about the bacterial biofilm characteristics, biofilm formation, mechanism involved against antimicrobial agents, phytochemicals properties, and their targets to eradicate biofilm, anti-biofilm properties of various phytochemicals found in A. lanata is also done. The phytochemicals such as polyphenolics interfere with the adhesion potential, quorum sensing (QS) controlled, swarming motility and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Catechin and tannic acid also present in A. lanata were able to promote a significant reduction in biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa, and it able to block biofilm formation by E. coli and Pseudomonas putida. Antibacterial phytochemicals isolated from the different plant part of A. lanata inhibited and reduced cell-surface adhesion, methicillin-resistant bacterial biofilm formation, inhibit bacterial motility, QS, and controls biofilms of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Phenolic acids increased the susceptibility of dual species biofilms. Peptides react against bacterial biofilm by the process of cell membrane permeabilization, intracellular targets, inhibiting nucleic acids and protein synthesis, and cell wall adhesion of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.Nano Biofilms: An emerging biotechnology application.pptx
Biofilm formation provides benefits to microorganisms like increased access to nutrients, genetic exchange, and protection from threats. Biofilms can be studied using techniques like confocal laser microscopy. They develop in phases from initiation to maturation and contain extracellular substances that provide structure and nutrients. Some biofilms contain bacterial nanocellulose which retains moisture and traps carbon dioxide, and have applications in medicine, bioremediation, and as temporary skin substitutes or blood vessels.
Developing-And-Mature-Biofilms-Produced-By-Mycobacterium-Smegmatis.pptx
This document describes research on the developing and mature biofilms produced by Mycobacterium smegmatis. Figures 1 and 2 show M. smegmatis biofilms at 5 and 7 days, with the 7-day biofilm having more pronounced ridges. The biofilms form at the air-liquid interface, with the fluid underneath becoming yellower over time due to waste accumulation. M. smegmatis was cultured in modified M63 liquid media and images were taken after 7 days of incubation at 37°C. Biofilm formation allows bacteria to better survive harsh conditions and is a concern for persistent infections involving pathogens like M. tuberculosis.
Biophilms
Biofilm is a complex aggregate of microorganisms that attach to each other and to surfaces. Bacteria predominantly exist in biofilms, embedded in a self-produced matrix. Biofilm formation involves three phases - attachment, maturation, and dispersion. During attachment, bacteria attach reversibly and then irreversibly to surfaces. In maturation, bacteria activate genes to recruit other cells and build a matrix. Mature biofilms are resistant to antibiotics and host defenses. Dispersion spreads biofilms to new surfaces. Biofilms pose threats as the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections and are resistant to treatment.
04 microbial biofilm_i_2008
This document provides an overview of microbial biofilms. It discusses how biofilms form and develop through attraction, adhesion, aggregation and accumulation of cells and extracellular matrix. The architecture and properties of biofilms are described as depending on nutrient levels and forming complex structures with channels. Biofilms provide benefits for microbes like cooperation, gene transfer and protection. They display higher resistance to toxic substances than planktonic microbes. The document traces the history of biofilm research and argues microbiology was previously misled by a focus on planktonic cultures rather than natural biofilm growth.
The need for Water Sanitaion
The document discusses water sanitation regimes and the importance of removing pathogens from drinking water to ensure livestock and consumer safety. It describes how bacteria form biofilms that build up in pipes and protect pathogens. Chlorine is commonly used for disinfection but has limitations against biofilms and byproducts. Chlorine dioxide is an alternative that is a powerful oxidizer, acts differently than chlorine, and is more effective at eliminating biofilms and bad tastes/odors without forming as many byproducts. The document provides details on how biofilms form and protect bacteria, and compares the mechanisms and effectiveness of chlorine versus chlorine dioxide for water disinfection.
microbialbiofilm-200716135211 2. pdf
This document provides an overview of bacterial biofilms. It discusses what biofilms are, examples of biofilms, how they form and are composed, properties of biofilms, their impacts, and challenges they can cause. It also covers how biofilms develop antibiotic resistance through mechanisms like mutation, resistant phenotypes, adapting to stress, and cell communication through quorum sensing.
Bacterial Biofilm: A Major Challenge of Catheterization
Biofilm is a community of microorganisms of same or different species encased in a self -produced extracellular polymeric substance on both living and non-living surfaces. Catheters are generally critical indwelling medical devices commonly used in clinical applications to enhanced flow of flu ids out of the patient’s body as well as influx of medications into human biological systems. Like many other indwelling medical devices, catheters are prone to enhanced risk of nosocomial infections which becomes a critical challenge as a result of microbial attachment to the surfaces of the catheters.
Attachment and subsequent biofilm development on catheter surfaces cause a number of persistent infections. The biofilm development increases resistance to antibiotics. However, this sometimes led to high pathogenesis, patient morbidity and mortality. This condition usually calls for a premature catheter removal which will increase the cost of treatment and improvidence of resources. This review focuses on how catheters get infected, microbial diversity among catheter biofilms, factors mediating biofilm formation on catheters and current strategies us ed in controlling biofilm formation on indwelling catheters.
Bohomolets Microbiology Lecture#1
The document provides an overview of microbiology, including the structure and morphology of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. It discusses topics like bacterial cell structure, flagella and pili, endospores, capsules, inclusion bodies, and the contributions of Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who is considered the father of microbiology.
Nature of Microbial Communities
This document discusses microbial communities and biofilms. It begins by explaining that microbes thrive in diverse ecosystems under a range of conditions. Microbial communities are heterogeneous mixtures that interact. Biofilms provide advantages like nutrient sharing and protection. The document then discusses techniques to analyze microbial communities, including genetic methods. It covers positive and negative impacts of biofilms in areas like infections, food production, and wastewater treatment. Stress can impact microbial diversity by selecting certain organisms. Modern techniques allow direct analysis of constituent populations in communities.
Biofilm
The document discusses biofilms and their antibiotic resistance. It notes that biofilms are assemblages of surface-attached microbial cells encased in an extracellular matrix. This matrix provides protection from antibiotics by acting as a diffusion barrier and binding antimicrobial agents. Additionally, the heterogeneous conditions within biofilms, including nutrient depletion and slower growth, contribute to antibiotic tolerance in some cells. Genetic transfer of resistance genes is also facilitated within dense biofilm communities.
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Microbial Biofilm
- 1. De La Salle University - Manila
- 2. Figure 1. Antibiotic resistant bacteria inside a biofilm, Coli, aureus. 3D Illustration. Biofilm – a structured community of bacterial cells enclosed in a self – produced polymeric Matrix.
- 3. BIOFILMS (Environmental) Water pipes Legume root nodules Dental units Contact lenses/cases Fermentations
- 4. BIOFILMS (Disease - associated) Dental plaque Endocarditis Cystic fibrosis Otitis media A Diabetic’s wound Prosthetic Joint Infection
- 5. Fig. 13. Biofilms in Sewage Treatment Bioreactors and Water systems
- 6. Fig.14. Biofilms in Sewage Treatment Bioreactors https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135417305298
- 7. Pathogenesis of biofilm formation on urinary catheters Biofilm formation on implants
- 8. Figure. Stages of Biofilm formation (under an electron microscope).
- 9. Figure 17. Stages of Biofilm formation
- 10. Figure 18. Properties of the biofilm lifestyle (red text) and “ideal” features of an optimal antibiofilm drug (black text). Many of these features are exhibited by naturally occurring host defense peptides or their optimized derivatives. The three main steps of the biofilm life-cycle (attachment to a surface, maturation and dispersal) are depicted.
- 11. Figure 19. Bacterial biofilm inhibition by hindering recognition by the immune system.
- 13. Quorum Sensing
- 16. Model of cAMP-CRP regulation of biofilm formation in V. cholerae. cAMP-CRP regulates biofilm formation at multiple levels. Jiunn C. N. Fong, and Fitnat H. Yildiz J. Bacteriol. 2008;190:6646-6659
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Editor's Notes
- Model of cAMP-CRP regulation of biofilm formation in V. cholerae. cAMP-CRP regulates biofilm formation at multiple levels. Expression of vps and rbm genes is negatively regulated by cAMP-CRP through positive regulation of hapR expression and through negative regulation of vpsR and vpsT expression. In turn, VpsR and VpsT positively regulate vps and rbm gene expression, while HapR negatively regulates vps and rbm gene expression. VpsR, VpsT, and HapR regulation of vps and rbm gene expression also involves c-di-GMP signaling, where cdgA expression is negatively regulated by HapR and positively regulated by VpsR and VpsT. An increase in cdgA transcription leads to an increase in the c-di-GMP level, which in turn could interact with an effector protein(s) to positively regulate biofilm formation. We have a very limited understanding of the link between c-di-GMP pools and the signaling that leads to biofilm formation in V. cholerae. In addition, cAMP-CRP may also directly regulate vpsR, cdgA, and rbmC expression and indirectly regulate vpsT expression.