Microsociology refers to the study of large-scale social systems through comparative analysis of societies. Classical sociologists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries developed typologies for classifying societies based on their mode of subsistence or technology. Industrial societies are characterized by mass production supported by advanced technology and a specialized division of labor, resulting in high productivity, urbanization, and an increased standard of living compared to previous agrarian societies. However, industrialization has also led to problems like worker alienation, unemployment, and environmental issues.