2. MICRO ORGANISMS
INVOLVE IN ALCOHOL
• Alcohol chemically ethanol has been produced
by fermentation for thousands of years.
• Yeast are the main fermenter and alcohol
producer in the production of wine ,beer and
other alcohol drinks.
• The main yeast species used is Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
• It ferments the sugars coming from different
sources eg ., grapes for wine ,barley for wine,to
alcohol and carbon dioxide.
3. • Certain yeast and bacteria are employed for
alcohol fermentation.
• The type of the organism chosen mostly
depends on the nature of the substrste used.
• Saccharomyces cerevsiae is the most
commonly used while among the bacteria ,
Zymomonas mobilis is the most frequently
employed for alcohol production
6. MICRO ORGANISMS
INVOLVE IN STEROL
• STEROL also known as steroid alcohols
tetracyclic triterpenoid lipids.
• They occur in plants, animals and fungi and
can also produced by some bacteria.
• Sterol production was first discovered in the
aerobic methanotroph Methylococcus
capsulatus
7. • Sterol biosynthesis also observed in a few
myxobacteria of the proteobacteria
• Two myxobacteria Stigmatella aurantica and
Cystobacter fuscus also produce
biosynthetically simple sterols .
8. Microorganism involved in
semisynthetic pencillin
• Penicillium chrysogenum or p.notatum is a species of
fungus in the genus penicillium involved in production
of semisynthetic penicillin.
• Microbial transformation in association with chemical
synthesis is routinely used for the commercial
production of semisynthetic penicillin
• The enzymztic cleavage of penicillin by penicillin
acylase into amino penicillanic acid is very important
reaction
• Pencillin G gets inactivated by its conversion to
benzylpenicilloic acid by the enzyme penicillinase(β
lactamase).
