This letter is in response to the September 2, 2014, request from your office on behalf of the City of Hermosa Beach (City) memorializing the request made by the City Council during its July 8, 2014 Council meeting for information from the California State Lands Commission (Commission) staff regarding the City's responsibilities as a trustee of granted public trust lands.
Decision from the Ohio Supreme Court in a case dealing with the important issue of interpreting the Dormant Mineral Rights Act in Ohio. There are two DMAs in Ohio--one passed in 1989 that went into effect in 1992, and another in 2006 which added certain additional procedural requirements to the 1989 version. This decision and several others, handed down Sept. 15, 2016, rule on which version of the DMA takes precedence when it comes to mineral rights ownership.
Decision from the Ohio Supreme Court in a case dealing with the important issue of interpreting the Dormant Mineral Rights Act in Ohio. There are two DMAs in Ohio--one passed in 1989 that went into effect in 1992, and another in 2006 which added certain additional procedural requirements to the 1989 version. This decision and several others, handed down Sept. 15, 2016, rule on which version of the DMA takes precedence when it comes to mineral rights ownership.
Decision from the Ohio Supreme Court in a case dealing with the important issue of interpreting the Dormant Mineral Rights Act in Ohio. There are two DMAs in Ohio--one passed in 1989 that went into effect in 1992, and another in 2006 which added certain additional procedural requirements to the 1989 version. This decision and several others, handed down Sept. 15, 2016, rule on which version of the DMA takes precedence when it comes to mineral rights ownership.
Farnsworth v Burhart - Decision from OH Seventh District Court of Appeals on ...Marcellus Drilling News
A decision from the Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals on certain provisions regarding the 1989 Ohio Dormant Minerals Act. The court found: The 1989 DMA is self-executing; the 1989 DMA creates a fixed, rather than a rolling, look-back period; and a reference to a prior mineral severance in a surface conveyance is not a title transaction savings event. This is not the last word about the DMA. A major DMA case now sits before the OH Supreme Court to determine whether the 1989 or 2006 version of the law governs certain situations.
An important Dormant Minerals Right Act (DMA) case before the Ohio Supreme Court. The Court held that under the DMA: (1) a recorded oil and gas lease is a title transaction that serves as a savings event that prevents minerals from being abandoned to a surface owner; but (2) that the unrecorded expiration of an oil and gas lease is not a savings event.
Decision from the Ohio Supreme Court in a case dealing with the important issue of interpreting the Dormant Mineral Rights Act in Ohio. There are two DMAs in Ohio--one passed in 1989 that went into effect in 1992, and another in 2006 which added certain additional procedural requirements to the 1989 version. This decision and several others, handed down Sept. 15, 2016, rule on which version of the DMA takes precedence when it comes to mineral rights ownership.
Decision from the Ohio Supreme Court in a case dealing with the important issue of interpreting the Dormant Mineral Rights Act in Ohio. There are two DMAs in Ohio--one passed in 1989 that went into effect in 1992, and another in 2006 which added certain additional procedural requirements to the 1989 version. This decision and several others, handed down Sept. 15, 2016, rule on which version of the DMA takes precedence when it comes to mineral rights ownership.
Decision from the Ohio Supreme Court in a case dealing with the important issue of interpreting the Dormant Mineral Rights Act in Ohio. There are two DMAs in Ohio--one passed in 1989 that went into effect in 1992, and another in 2006 which added certain additional procedural requirements to the 1989 version. This decision and several others, handed down Sept. 15, 2016, rule on which version of the DMA takes precedence when it comes to mineral rights ownership.
Farnsworth v Burhart - Decision from OH Seventh District Court of Appeals on ...Marcellus Drilling News
A decision from the Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals on certain provisions regarding the 1989 Ohio Dormant Minerals Act. The court found: The 1989 DMA is self-executing; the 1989 DMA creates a fixed, rather than a rolling, look-back period; and a reference to a prior mineral severance in a surface conveyance is not a title transaction savings event. This is not the last word about the DMA. A major DMA case now sits before the OH Supreme Court to determine whether the 1989 or 2006 version of the law governs certain situations.
An important Dormant Minerals Right Act (DMA) case before the Ohio Supreme Court. The Court held that under the DMA: (1) a recorded oil and gas lease is a title transaction that serves as a savings event that prevents minerals from being abandoned to a surface owner; but (2) that the unrecorded expiration of an oil and gas lease is not a savings event.
The Ohio Supreme Court decision in a case that started with three landowners and was later turned into a class action. The case claimed that landowner leases with Beck Energy Corp. were void and should be terminated because Beck never drilled wells on their property and that a provision allowing Beck to pay a nominal delay fee was against public policy. A lower court agreed, but it was overturned by an appeals court and now, the appeals court decision stands as ruled by the Supreme Court.
Motion to Intervene in ET Rover Pipeline Application for Eminent Domain befor...Marcellus Drilling News
A motion by Columbus, OH law firm Goldman & Braunstein to prevent ET Rover from obtaining eminent domain to install the ET Rover pipeline without first negotiating with individual landowners. Eminent domain takes all of the bargaining power away from landowners. This motion attempts to remedy that.
“You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.”
--- Margaret Thatcher
“I can retain neither respect nor affection for government which has been moving from wrong to wrong in order to defend its immorality”
― Mahatma Gandhi
Dia term-sheet: AMENDMENT TO 1988 ANNEXATION AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENTLisa Amidon
Adams County, Aurora and other communities near DIA, voted unanimously in favor of amending a 1988 agreement with the city of Denver that allowed Denver to annex the land for the airport and build it.
Payment of Delay Rentals Alone Cannot Extend Lease Into Secondary TermRobert Burnett
The Pennsylvania Superior Court recently addressed the issue of whether the mere payment of delay rentals
can extend a gas lease beyond its primary term. In Hite v. Falcon Partners, et al., 2011 WL 9632 (January 4,
2011), the Superior Court rejected the gas producer’s argument that a non-producing lease can be preserved
indefinitely simply by making delay rental payments. In siding with the landowner, the Superior Court affirmed
the trial court’s cancellation of the non-producing lease and sent a clear warning to gas operators throughout
the Commonwealth. Following Hite, there is no question that the so-called “automatic termination rule” is
alive and well in Pennsylvania. As such, landowners and gas operators alike should carefully review the Hite
decision and its potential impact on non-producing leases.
Before we start talking about marketing agencies here is one thing we need to understand is what is marketing. So, for that here are some points which defines marketing.
The Ohio Supreme Court decision in a case that started with three landowners and was later turned into a class action. The case claimed that landowner leases with Beck Energy Corp. were void and should be terminated because Beck never drilled wells on their property and that a provision allowing Beck to pay a nominal delay fee was against public policy. A lower court agreed, but it was overturned by an appeals court and now, the appeals court decision stands as ruled by the Supreme Court.
Motion to Intervene in ET Rover Pipeline Application for Eminent Domain befor...Marcellus Drilling News
A motion by Columbus, OH law firm Goldman & Braunstein to prevent ET Rover from obtaining eminent domain to install the ET Rover pipeline without first negotiating with individual landowners. Eminent domain takes all of the bargaining power away from landowners. This motion attempts to remedy that.
“You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.”
--- Margaret Thatcher
“I can retain neither respect nor affection for government which has been moving from wrong to wrong in order to defend its immorality”
― Mahatma Gandhi
Dia term-sheet: AMENDMENT TO 1988 ANNEXATION AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENTLisa Amidon
Adams County, Aurora and other communities near DIA, voted unanimously in favor of amending a 1988 agreement with the city of Denver that allowed Denver to annex the land for the airport and build it.
Payment of Delay Rentals Alone Cannot Extend Lease Into Secondary TermRobert Burnett
The Pennsylvania Superior Court recently addressed the issue of whether the mere payment of delay rentals
can extend a gas lease beyond its primary term. In Hite v. Falcon Partners, et al., 2011 WL 9632 (January 4,
2011), the Superior Court rejected the gas producer’s argument that a non-producing lease can be preserved
indefinitely simply by making delay rental payments. In siding with the landowner, the Superior Court affirmed
the trial court’s cancellation of the non-producing lease and sent a clear warning to gas operators throughout
the Commonwealth. Following Hite, there is no question that the so-called “automatic termination rule” is
alive and well in Pennsylvania. As such, landowners and gas operators alike should carefully review the Hite
decision and its potential impact on non-producing leases.
Before we start talking about marketing agencies here is one thing we need to understand is what is marketing. So, for that here are some points which defines marketing.
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How Do You Google? 4 Actions to Personal and Professional Search Engine Optim...kolbygoodman
4 Actions to Personal and Professional Search Engine Optimization. Setting up a personal or vanity URL. Using Social Networks responsibly. Why you need a LinkedIn Profile. Setting up Google Alerts.
The man I had to kill - Available in the main ebookstores
Jack Settano couldn't known that going into that hotel room that night his future could have changed. But surely he knew that saving that woman's life would have sanctioned his death sentence. And now someone was looking for him in the snowy city streets with orders to kill him. Because you can hide your past, but you can't fool your destiny. Especially for those who - like Jack Settano - destiny had made a murderess of profession.
PA Commonwealth Court Decision Overturning Zoning Part of Act 13 Marcellus Dr...Marcellus Drilling News
The decision issued by the Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court, the appeals court (second level) in PA. The decision overturns a portion of the Act 13 Marcellus Shale drilling law passed by the PA legislature in early 2012. The zoning portion of the law would have overruled any local zoning of oil and gas drilling with state guidelines. Seven towns and a few others sued to have the zoning provision nullified. The case will likely go to the PA Supreme Court in 2012.
PA Commonwealth Court Decision to Allow More Leasing/Drilling of State LandsMarcellus Drilling News
In a crushing blow to the litigious anti-drilling group Pennsylvania Environmental Defense Foundation (PEDF), the PA Commonwealth Court ruled yesterday against the PEDF's lawsuit that attempts o stop all drilling and leasing of state-owned lands for oil and gas drilling. The court said a) such drilling is just fine and b) the decision of whether or not to allow drilling on state-owned lands (and which parcels) rests with the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
OH Supreme Court Decision: State ex rel. Morrison v. Beck Energy Corp.Marcellus Drilling News
Decision by the Ohio Supreme Court in a case striking down so-called "home rule" laws in which local municipalities try to prevent shale drilling by enacting local zoning regulations. The court found that according to OH law, the state and only the state may regulate where and when drilling is done. A huge victory for both landowners and the shale industry in the Buckeye State.
Oil and Gas Case Law Update: Recent Decisions Impacting Oil and Gas PracticeLisa McManus
Pennsylvania oil and gas jurisprudence continues to evolve. On April 2, 2015, PBI's panel of energy law practitioners provided a webinar update on the latest appellate decisions that are shaping energy law practice. Included is an overview of Sabella v. Appalachian Dev. Corp.; Citizens for Pennsylvania’s Future v. Ultra Resources, Inc.; Sisson v. Stanley; Harrison v. Cabot Oil & Gas; Pennsylvania Environmental Defense Foundation v. Commonwealth.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
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https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Ventures
California State Lands Commission - City of Hermosa Beach State Tidelands Trust
1. STATE OF CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA STATE LANDS COMMISSION
100 Howe Avenue, Suite 100-South
Sacramento, CA 95825-8202
Michael Jenkins, City Attorney
Jenkins & Hogin, LLP
September 16, 2014
1230 Rosecrans Avenue, Suite 110
Manhattan Beach, CA 90266
EDMUND G. BROWN JR., Governor
JENNIFER LUCCHESI, Executive Officer
(916) 574-1800 Fax (916) 574-1810
California Relay Service TOO Phone 1-800-735-2929
from Voice Phone 1-800-735-2922
Contact Phone: (916) 574-1800
Contact Fax: (916) 574-1810
File Ref: G 05-02.1
Re: City of Hermosa Granted Public Trust Lands - Oil and Gas Operations
Dear Mr. Jenkins:
This letter is in response to the September 2, 2014, request from your office on
behalf of the City of Hermosa Beach (City) memorializing the request made by the City
Council during its July 8, 2014 Council meeting for information from the California State
Lands Commission (Commission) staff regarding the City's responsibilities as a trustee
of granted public trust lands.
As general background, the State of California acquired sovereign ownership of
all tidelands and submerged lands and beds of navigable lakes and waterways upon its
admission to the United States in 1850. The State holds these lands for the benefit of all
people of the State for public trust purposes, which include but are not limited to
waterborne commerce, navigation, fisheries, water-related recreation, habitat
preservation, and open space. On tidal waterways, the State's sovereign fee ownership
extends landward to the mean high tide line, except for areas of fill or artificial accretion
or where the boundary has been fixed by agreement or court decision. On navigable
non-tidal waterways, including lakes, the State holds fee ownership of the bed of the
waterway landward to the ordinary low water mark and a Public Trust easement
landward to the ordinary high water mark, except where the boundary has been fixed by
agreement or court decision. Such boundaries may not be readily apparent from
present day site inspections.
The Commission has jurisdiction and management authority over all ungranted
tidelands, submerged lands, and the beds of navigable lakes and waterways. The
Commission also has residual and review authority for tidelands and submerged lands
legislatively granted in trust to local jurisdictions (Public Resources Code (PRC) §§
6301, 6306). All tidelands and submerged lands, granted or ungranted, as well as
2. Michael Jenkins
September 16, 2014
Page 2
navigable lakes and waterways, are subject to the protections of the common law Public
Trust Doctrine.
Granted Public Trust Lands
As you are aware, the City is a local trustee of granted public trust lands,
pursuant to Chapter 479, Statutes of 1919.1 As general background, commencing in
1851 and continuing to the present, the California Legislature has periodically
transferred portions of the State's prime waterfront lands to local governmental entities
for management purposes (generally referred to as grantees or trustees). The terms
and conditions applicable to granted public trust lands vary and are governed by the
specific granting statutes, the common law Public Trust Doctrine; the California
Constitution, and case law. Granting statutes typically convey, in trust, the State's right,
title, and interest to the applicable public trust lands to the grantee. Grantees have a
fiduciary duty, as trustees for the people of the State, to manage their trust lands and
assets in a manner that is consistent with their statutory trust grant, the Public Trust
Doctrine and the California Constitution. The State remains the trustor of the grant and
the people of the State are the beneficiaries.
Grantee/Irustee Responsibilities
Except as required or permitted by certain statutory authorizations, the
Commission is not involved in day-to-day management operations for granted public
trust lands. The grantee has the primary responsibility of administering the trust within
the parameters of its granting statutes. It is therefore imperative that as trustees, local
jurisdictions, like the City of Hermosa Beach, manage its public trust lands with a
fiduciary's care to allow this unique and limited resource to continue to provide
enjoyment and benefit to the statewide public for generations to come.
While local trustees retain responsibility for managing their granted public trust
lands, the Commission has the statutory responsibility to oversee the management of
sovereign public trust lands and assets.2 The Commission and its staff exercise this
responsibility and authority through various mechanisms, including advising trustees
about the trust consistency of proposed uses and expenditures.
In 2012, Chapter 206 (copy attached) was signed into law to improve the
administration of granted public trust lands by organizing, listing, and describing the
myriad fiduciary duties required of local trustees. As described in Chapter 206, local
trustees are required to manage their granted public trust lands for the benefit of all of
the people of California. As part of its duties, trustees are required to take reasonable
1 All of the State's 300 plus granted land statutes, including the City of Hermosa Beach, may be found on
the CSLC's website (www.slc.ca.gov). organized by region, county, and grantee.
2Public Resources Code section 6301; State of California ex reI. State Lands Commission v. County of
O ""ng~ (~Q02) 1"4 I"'~I A ~p "d 2n 2" let I c::; I;;JU J val"t-' . v v, J.
3. Michael Jenkins
September 16,2014
Page 3
steps under the circumstances to take and keep control of and preserve the trust
property. Other fiduciary duties include the duty of loyalty, the duty of care, and the duty
to not delegate to others the performance of acts that the trustee can reasonably be
required to perform, and to not transfer the administration of the trust to a co-trustee.3
City's Granted Lands - Oil and Gas Lease Background
In or about 1984, a City initiative was passed that authorized the tideland and
upland drilling activities to occur from the City'Maintenance Yard (Initiative Ordinance
No. 84-758). Subsequently in 1986, the City entered into Oil and Gas Lease No.1, also
referred to as the "Upland Lease". This lease was amended later in 1986, as well as in
1988 and 1991. The Uplands Lease was for oil and gas development landward of the
granted trust landS. At around the same time the Upland Lease was entered into, the
City was also negotiating an oil and gas lease for the City's granted lands.4 After much
negotiation, in 1992, the City issued Oil and Gas Lease No.2, referred to as the
"Tidelands Lease" for the City's granted lands. The Tidelands Lease was amended in
1993.
In order for the City's Tidelands Lease to be effective, the Commission was
required by statute to make certain findings. Under former PRC 68725
, the Commission
was required to find that (1) oil or gas deposits are believed to be contained within the
lands proposed to be leased; (2) that the same lands are being drained by means of
wells upon adjacent lands; and, (3) the leasing of the same for the production of Oil and
gas will be in the best interests of the state. In addition, the Commission had to make
findings relating to the bidding process and the form of the proposed lease.
At the Commission's June 30, 1992, meeting (Minute Item No. 41), the
Commission, overruling the staff recommendation, found that drainage was occurring
and directed staff to work with the City to resolve the remaining lease issues. A finding
of drainage was necessary for the City to issue the Tidelands Lease. At the April 28,
1993 Commission meeting, the Commission: (1) approved the April 28, 1993
Memorandum of Understanding between the City and the Commission (MOU); (2)
determined that the requirements of PRC § 6872 had been met; (3) determined that
pursuant to PRC § 7061, the City was exempt from the formal bidding requirements of
PRC §§ 7058.5 and 7059; and, (4) approved both the January 14,1992, Tidelands
Lease and its April 28, 1993, amendment.
3 Trustee duties are referenced in case law, the California Constitution, granting statutes and PRC §§
6009, 6009.1, 6306, and 6305. Seminal cases that can be referenced are: Mallon v. City of Long Beach,
(1955) 44 Cal.2d 199; State of California v. County of Orange, (1982) 143 Cal. App.3d. 20; City of Long
Beach v. Morse (1947) Cal.2d 254, and City of Coronado v. San Diego Unified Port District (1964) ~27
Cal. App. 455. .
4 Based on a preliminary review of the Commission files, it appears that the City began working with
Commission staff to determine if drainage was occurring as early as 1977.
5 Former PRC 6872 was repealed in 1994 pursuant to AB 2444. The current PRC 6872 addresses the
withdrawing of an incomplete application.
4. Michael Jenkins
September 16, 2014
Page 4
Subsequently in August 1993, the Hermosa Beach Stop Oil Coalition filed suit
challenging the Commission's April 28, 1993, action. In November 1993, the suit was
amended to include Santa Monica Baykeeper, Heal the Bay and American Oceans
Campaign as additional petitioners. The trial court found that the Commission had
properly interpreted PRC § 6872, but found that the Commission failed to provide an
analysis to support the determination that the lease was in the best interest of the state
as required by PRC § 6872. On January 14, 1994, the trial court issued a writ directing
the Commission make the necessary findings. In response, the Commission, on March
8, 1994, again overruling staff's recommendation: (1) determined that oil and gas were
believed to be present, that the oil and gas were being drained and that a lease for the
production of said oil and gas was in the best interest of the state; (2) determined that,
pursuant to PRC § 7057 the City could issue a lease because PRC § 6872 conditions
had been met; and, (3) approved, pursuant to PRC § 7054.5 the proposal by the City to
lease the granted tide and submerged lands for purposes of oil and gas production. This
approval was submitted to the trial court on March 15, 1994. The case was closed by
formal order on July 6, 1994.
Proposition E, which was approved in November 1995, overturned the 1984
voter initiative. After the passage of Proposition E, Hermosa Beach Stop Oil Coalition,
Heal the Bay, Santa Monica Baykeeper and American Oceans Campaign (the sa'me
parties that had sued the Commission the prior year) filed suit to stop the City from
continuing to perform under the two leases. This litigation continued until around 2001
and resulted in, among other things, a declaration by the Court of Appeals, Second
Appellate District, that Proposition E did apply to the two leases.
In 1998 Macpherson Oil Company (Macpherson), both lessee and a real party in
interested to the above-described lawsuit, filed a cross-complaint alleging breach of
contract. That action was severed and became its own litigation. In 2008, a trial court
ruled that the adoption of Proposition E was a breach of contract for which 'damages
were owed. On appeal, it was ruled that a 1998 determination that the operation may
pose a health and safety risk may provide a defense such that the City would not have
to pay damages. That litigation continued until 2012, at which point the City,
Macpherson, and third party, E&B Natural Resources Management Corporation (E&B),
entered into a "Settlement Agreement and Release" (Settlement). The City Council
unanimously voted to approve the settlement on March 2, 2012.
September 2nd Letter from the City of Hermosa Beach
At the July 8, 2014 City Council meeting, the City Council requested the opinion
of Commission staff concerning two questions. Commission staff responses to the two
questions as described in the City's September 2nd letter are below:
1) Pursuant to the Oil and Gas Lease No.2 (the "Subject Lease") and the Grant
Deed from the City of Hermosa Beach ("City") to Macpherson Oil Company
5. Michael Jenkins
September 16, 2014
Page 5
--~-~-.--.-----.-.- -----,
("Macpherson"), and as to hydrocarbons produced from the Tidelands, is the
City authorized to deduct the 3.33% non-participating royalty due to
Macpherson from the Tidelands Trust Fund by designating it as an
"expense"?
Currently, the Tidelands Lease includes a royalty rate of 18%%, all of which is
required to go in the Special Tidelands Trust. (MOU Paragraph 4) According to the
MOU, 7% could be paid to the City's General Fund. (MOU Paragraph 3) The remaining
royalty, 11%%, would be placed into the Special Tidelands Trust Fund. (MOU
Paragraph 3) In approving the MOU, the Commission did not contemplate that the
effective royalty rate for the Special Tidelands Trust Fund would be less than 62.5% of
the 18%%. For this reason, staff does not believe that deducting any portion of the
3.33% non-participating royalty payment from the portion of the 18%% royalty under the
Tidelands Lease that was not released into the City's General Fund is consistent with
the Commission's prior authorization or the City's obligations as a trustee for the state.
As such, while Commission staff has significant concerns about deducting any portion
of the 3.33% non-participating royalty payment from the royalty due the Special
Tidelands Trust Fund, staff does not object to the City paying the entire 3.33% of the
non-participating royalty payment due from the Uplands royalties or the City's General
Fund.
2) Is the City authorized to utilize the Tidelands Trust Fund to repay advances to
the lessees under the Subject Lease for environmental remediation of the
City's Maintenance Yard for advances exceeding $100,000 and up to $3.7
million?
The Commission's approval of the MOU did not put an upper limit on the amount
that could be reimbursed, but instead refers to the Tidelands Lease to determine
whether the category of costs is appropriate for reimbursement. Pursuant to Paragraph
7 of the MOU, the Commission has previously agreed that the tideland revenues can be
used to pay 70% of the "advance" as specified in Section 13.d.(4) of the Tidelands.
Lease. Section 13.d (4) authorizes the repayment of an advance by the Lessee to cover
certain costs related to City's relocation of the Maintenance Yard and also refers to the
reimbursement of the advance to cover related activities in Sections 13.a, 13.c, and
20.e. Environmental remediation costs is a cost category.in Section 13.c. that the
Commission, pursuant to the MOU, already authorized to be reimbursed. In summary,
yes, the City is authorized to utilize the Tidelands Trust Fund to repay advances to the
extent provided in Paragraph 7 of the MOU.
Continuing Obligations Under the MOU
Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to remind the City that the MOU
imposed some continuing obligations. In the event the voters authorize E&B to perform
under the terms of the Tidelands Lease, pursuant to Paragraph 8, the City is required to
6. Michael Jenkins ,
September 16, 2014
Page 6
request that the Commission be named as an additional insured on any insurance
coverage provided by the Operator under the Lease. In addition, pursuant to Paragraph
10, it was agreed that the 1957 plat was to serve as the baseline for the allocation of
production and that the City would survey the mean high tide line periodically during the
lease term.
If you have additional questions or if Commission staff can be a helpful resource
in any manner, please do not hesitate to contact me or Reid Boggiano, Granted Lands
Representative, at (916) 574-1800.
Sincerely,
~ [(HERI PE~BERTON
Chief of External Affairs
Attachment
cc: Jessica Rader, Senior Counsel
7. I-----~--
i
Assembly Bill No. 2620
CHAPTER 206
An act to amend Sections 6305 and 6306 of, to add Section 6009.1 to,
. and to add and repeal Section 6320 of, the Public Resources Code, relating
to tidelands and submerged lands.
[Approved by Governor August 27, 2012. Filed with
Secretary of S tate August 27, 2012.]
LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
AB 2620, Achadjian. Tidelands and submerged lands: granted public
trust lands.
(1) Existing law grants to various local entities the right, title, and interest
of the state in and to certain tidelands and submerged lands in trust generally
for purposes of commerce, navigation, and fisheries, and for other public
trust purposes. Existing law vests the State Lands Commission with all
jurisdiction and authority remaining in the state as to tidelands and
submerged lands as to which grants have been or may be made.
This. bill would make various legislative declarations and findings
regarding granted public trust lands, the duties of a trustee of state lands,
and the prohibition against common trust principles nullifying an act ofthe
Legislature or modifying its duty under the California Constitution to do
all things necessary to execute and administer the public trust. The bill
would declare that those findings and declarations are declaratory of existing
law.
(2) Existing law confers upon counties and cities certain powers granted
to the commission with regard to the leasing or granting of rights or
privileges with relation to the lands owned by the state.
This bill would instead confer these powers upon the local trustee of
granted public trust lands, as defined;
(3) Existing law requires local and state agencies that have been granted
sovereign trust lands to provide accurate records of all revenues received
from the trust lands and trust assets and of all expenditures of those revenues
and requires all revenues received or generated from trust lands to be
expended only for those uses and purposes, consistent with the public trust
for commerce, navigation, and fisheries, and the applicable statutory grant.
Existing law requires a trustee to annually file a detailed statement of
revenues and expenditures with the commission.
This bill would instead require the local trustee of granted public trust
lands to undertake those duties and would require all funds received or
generated from trust lands or trust assets to be segregated in separate
accounts from nontrust received or generated funds. The bill would require
the annual statement required to be filed with the commission to include a
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standardized reporting form, and would provide that the information in the
statement and form is a public record, to be made available on the
commission's Internet Web site.
The bill would provide that all costs incurred by a local trustee of granted
public trust lands to implement the bill be paid from the revenues derived
from its granted public trust lands and assets. The bill would require the
commission to exempt a local trustee of granted public trust land from the .
duties imposed by the bill if the revenues derived from its granted public
trust lands and assets are not sufficient to pay for those costs, as specified.
The bill would create a state-mandated local program by imposing new
duties with regard to the duties that the bill would impose upon local agencies
that are local trustees of granted public trust lands.·
(4) The bill would require the commission to prepare a workload analysis
and implementation plan by September 1,2013, and to submit the plan to
specified committees of the Legislature and the Department of Finance. The
bill would make the report provision inoperative September 1,2017, and
would repeal it on January 1,2018.
(5) The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local
agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory
provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.
This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for
a specified reason.
The people a/the State a/California do enact as/allows:
SECTION 1. The Legislature finds and declares all ofthe following:
(a) Upon admission to the United States, and as an incident of its
sovereignty, the State of California received title to the tidelands, submerged
lands, and beds of navigable waterways within its borders to be held subject
to the public trust doctrine for statewide public purposes, including
commerce, navigation, fisheries, preservation oflands in their natural state,
and other recognized public trust uses.
(b) The state has made grants of public trust lands to over 80 local public
entities, each of which manages the state's public trust lands as trustee-·
pursuant to the public trust doctrine, legislative grants, the California
Constitution, and other laws governing the trust and the trustee's fiduciary
responsibilities.
(c) A local trustee of granted public trust lands is charged with managing
the state's granted public trust lands on behalf of the state for the benefit of
all the people of California.
(d) As part of its fiduciary duty, a local trustee of granted public trust
lands is required to take reasonable steps under the circumstances to take
and keep control of and preserve the tnist property.
( e) All jurisdiction and authority remaining in the state as to tidelands
and submerged lands as to which grants have been or may be made is vested
in the State Lands Commission.
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(f) The use of revenues received from trust lands and trust assets by a
local trustee of granted public trust lands is limited by the legislative grant,
the public trust doctrine, and other laws governing the trust. An evaluation
ofthe proper use of granted public trust lands necessarily includes evaluating
whether the operation and management of these resources managed on
behalf of the state by local trustees is consistent with the public trust for
commerce, navigation, and fisheries, and the applicable legislative grants.
(g) According to the State Auditor's report of August 2011, the State
Lands Commission "has not developed an audit plan designed to ensure
that the revenues generated on these granted lands are used properly," and
that "without oversight of granted lands, the commission is neglecting its
responsibility to protect the public trust and risks having to address additional
ongoing abuses offunds dedicated for public trust uses."
(h) As a result of the August 2011 review, the State Auditor concluded
that the State Lands Commission should establish a monitoring program to
ensure that the funds generated· from granted lands are expended in
accordance with the public trust. The State Auditor further concluded that,
despite current understaffing concerns, "the commission should perform a
workload analysis t6 determine the staffing levels it needs to fulfill its
oversight responsibilities of granted lands."
(i) A local trustee of granted public trust lands holds and manages its
public trust property, including the lands and revenue derived from that
property, as a state asset for the benefit of the people of California and
cannot use the trust corpus for general municipal purposes or other purposes
not consi,stent with the public trust doctrine and its legislative grant. Because
the costs that may be incurred by a local trustee of granteELilUblic trust lands
to implement this act are required to be paid solely from the revenues derived
from that property, and because the State Lands Commission is required by
this act to exempt a local trustee that does not derive sufficient funds from
those assets to pay for the costs imposed by this act, the state would not be
required to reimburse a trustee for the implementation of this act.
SEC. 2. Section 6009.1 is added to the Public Resources Code, to read:
6009.1. The Legislature finds and declares all of the following:
(a) Granted public trust lands remain subject to the supervision of the
state and the state retains its duty to protect the public interest in granted
public trust lands.
(b) The state acts both as the trustor and the representative of the
beneficiaries, who are all of the people of this state, with regard to public
trust lands, and a grantee of public trust lands, including tidelands and
submerged lands, acts as a trustee, with the granted tidelands and submerged
lands as the corpus of the trust.
(c) A grantee may fulfill its fiducimy duties as trustee by determining
the application of each of the following duties, all of which are applicable
under common trust principles:
(1) The duty ofloyalty.
(2) The duty of care.
(3) The duty of full disclosure.
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(4) The duty to keep clear and adequate records and accounts.
(5) The duty to administer the trust solely in the interest of the
beneficiaries.
(6) The duty to act impartially in managing the trust property.
(7) The duty to not use or deal with trust property for the trustee's own
profit or for any other purpose unconnected with the trust, and to not take
part in a transaction in ,which the trustee has an interest adverse to the
beneficiaries.
(8) The duty to take reasonable steps under the circumstances to take
and keep control of and to preserve the trust property. '
(9) The duty to make the trust property productive under the
circumstances and in furtherance of the purposes of the trust.
(10) The duty to keep the trust property separate from other property not
subject to the trust and to see that the trust property is designated as property
of the trust.
(11) The duty to take reasonable steps to enforce claims that are part of
the trust property.
(12) The duty to take reasonable steps to defend actions that may result
in a loss to the trust.
(13) The duty to not delegate to others the performance of acts that the
trustee can reasonably be required to perform and to not transfer the
administration of the trust to a cotrustee. If a trustee has properly delegated
a matter to an agent, the trustee has a duty to exercise direct supervision
over the performance ofthe delegated matter. .
(d) All duties endowed upon a trustee of state lands shall depend upon
the terms of the trust, and ifthere is no provision, express or implied, within
the terms of the trust, a statute, or a grant, the trustee's duties shall be
interpreted and determined by principles and rules evolved by courts of
equity with respect to common trust principles.
(e) Common trust principles do not nullify an act of the Legislature or
modify its duty under the California Constitution to do all things necessary
to execute and administer the public trust.
SEC. 3. Section 6305 of the Public Resources Code is amended to read:
6305. The powers granted by this chapter to the commission as to leasing
or granting of rights or privileges with relation to the lands owned by the
state are hereby conferred upon the local trustee of granted public trust lands
to which those lands have been granted.
SEC. 4. Section 6306 ofthe Public Resources Code is amended to read:
6306. (a) For purposes ofthis division, "local trustee of granted public
trust lands" means a cOlmty, city, or district, including a water, sanitary,
regional park, POlt, or harbor district, or any other local, political, or
corporate subdivision that has been granted, conveyed, or transferred by
statute, public trust lands, including tidelands, submerged lands, or the beds
of navigable waters, through a legislative grant. A local trustee of granted
public trust lands is a trustee of state lands.
(b) Notwithstanding any other law, every local trustee of granted public
trust lands shall establish and maintain accounting procedures, in accordance
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with generally accepted accounting principles, providing accurate records
of all revenues received from the trust lands and trust assets and of all
expenditures ofthose revenues. If a trust grantee has several trust grants of
adjacent lands and operates the granted lands as a single integrated entity,
separation of accounting records for each'trust grant is not required.
( c) All revenues received from trust lands and trust assets administered
or collected by a local trustee of granted public trust lands shall be expended
only for those uses and purposes consistent with the public trust for
commerce, navigation, and fisheries, and the applicable statutory grant. '
(d) All funds received or generated from trust lands or trust assets shall
be segregated in separate accounts from nontrust received or generated
funds. '
(e) (1) Unless otherwise prescribed by an applicable statutory grant, on
or before October 1 of each year, each local trustee of granted public trust
lands shall file with the commission a detailed statement of all revenues
and expenditures relating to its trust lands and trust assets, including
obligations incurred but not yet paid, covering the fiscal year preceding
submission of the ~tatement.
(2) The statement shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles and may take the form of an annual audit prepared
by or for the local trustee of granted public trust lands.
(3) (A) The detailed statement shall be submitted along with a
standardized reporting form developed by the commission.
(B) The commission shall use an existing reporting form previously
developed for purposes' of this paragraph, if a finding is made by the
commission that it is generally responsive to the needs of the commission
as prescribed in this section. Alternatively, the commission may develop a
reporting form that requires a local trustee of granted public lands to report
on all ofthe following:
(i) A summary of all funds received or generated from trust lands or trust
assets.
(ii) A summary of all spending offunds received or generated from trust
lands or trust assets.
(iii) Any other disposition of funds received or generated from trust lands
or trust assets or of the trust lands or trust assets themselves.
(iv) A description of the nianner in which the statement required by this
subdivision and accompanying the reporting form is organized.
(v) Any other information that the cOITnnission deems to be ineluded in
an accounting of granted public trust lands.
(C) The adoption of the form by the commission pursuant to this
subdivision is the prescription of a form for purposes of subdivision ( c) of
Section 11340.9 of the Government Code.
(4) All forms and supporting statements submitted pursuant to this section
shall be public records and be made available on the commission's Internet
Web site.
(f) (1) The costs that may be incurred by a local trustee of granted public
trust lands that result from any new duties imposed upon that trustee by the
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act amending this section in the 20 JI-12 Regular Session ofthe Legislature,
including the requirement to submit a standardized reporting form required
by paragraph (3) of subdivision (e), shall be paid from the revenues derived
from its granted public trust lands and assets specified in subdivision (b).
(2) If the revenues derived from the granted public trust lands and assets
specified in subdivision (b) are not sufficient to pay the costs for the duties .
specified in paragraph (1), the commission shall exempt the local trustee of
granted public trust lands from performing those duties for which the
revenues are not sufficient, or grant a deadline extension from the
performance of those duties until sufficient funds are available.
SEC. 5. Section 6320 is added to the Public Resources Code, to read:
6320. (a) On or before September 1,2013, the commission shall prepare
a workload analysis that summarizes the resources necessary for the
commission to fulfill its oversight responsibilities with respect to all
legislatively granted public trust lands.
(b) The workload analysis shall be submitted, in compliance with Section
9795 of the Government Code, to the Assembly Committee on Natural
Resources, the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and Water, the Joint
Legislative Budget Committee, and the Department of Finance.
(c) This section shall become inoperative on September 1,2017, pursuant
to Section 10231.5 of the Government Code, and, as ofJanuary 1,2018, is
repealed, unless a later enacted statute, that becomes operative on or before
January 1,2018, deletes or extends the dates on which it becomes inoperative
and is repealed.
SEC. 6. The addition of Section 6009.1 to the Public Resources Code
by Section 2 of this act does not constitute a change in, but is declaratory
of, existing law.
SEC. 7. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6
of Article XIII B of the California Constitution because the costs incurred
by a local agency to pay for the program or level of service mandated by
this act, within the meaning of Section 17556 ofthe Government Code, will
be paid solely from the revenues derived from the public trust lands and
assets that are granted to that local agency by the state.
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