The document discusses traditional and modern methods of beekeeping. Traditional apiculture involves managing wild bee species like Apis cerena and Apis dorsata. It has advantages like being easy, requiring little capital, and providing sustainable livelihoods. However, it produces impure honey that ferments quickly and handling colonies can cause queen loss. Modern apiculture uses European bees in wooden hives with removable frames, allowing for pure honey production and protecting colonies, but it requires more infrastructure and funds to manage properly. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages.

1. Method of bee keeping and
Management
Dr. Madhura Mukadam
Associate Professor,
Dept. of Zoology,
Gogate Jogalekar College, Ratnagiri
Dt. 10.09.2020

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17. Traditional apiculture and its
Advantages
• Two species Apis cerena and Apis dorsata are
managed by this method.
• Easy to perform.
• Very less capital investment is required.
• Ideal, eco-friendly and non-land based rural
enterprise which provides sustainable livelihood to
rural people.
• Wild species used are more resistant to pest and
disease.

18. Disadvantages
• Honey produced by this method is impure.
Honey is contaminated by blood extract, parts of
bee bodies and it ferments quickly.
• Chance of queen loss during honey harvesting.
• Difficult to inspect the colonies and to maintain
them properly.
• Beekeeping may be affected by adverse weather
and climatic conditions which may result in
reduced income for beekeepers.

19. Modern apiculture and its Advantages
• Native bees which adhere to tropical nature could produce 2 to 6 kg
of honey per year while the European bees yield is 50 kg of honey
per year.
• All bee hives are made up of wooden boxes, removable frames of
combs and the parts are interchangeable within an apiary.
• Pure honey can be produced in large quantities which fetches
good price in the market.
• Hives can be protected from enemies, pests and diseases by use of
pesticides.
• Under adverse environmental conditions the hive can be shifted
from one place to other.
• Race improvement program can be applied in modern apiculture.

20. Disadvantages
• In the absence of flowering vegetation bee colonies have
to be provided with sugar syrup for their survival.
• Indiscriminate use of pesticides on crops may cause heavy
losses to colonies, killing bees and reducing the yield.
• Due to repeated exposure to pesticides honeybees loose
their natural resistance against diseases.
• These techniques are cost intensive as they require funds
and infrastructure for proper management.
• Beekeepers cannot afford to grow bee flora exclusively for
honey bees, they face colony migration constrains due to
lack of bee flora.

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